Fossil Record最新文献

{"title":"Marine microorganisms as amber inclusions: insights from coastal forests of New Caledonia","authors":"A. Schmidt, Dennis Grabow, C. Beimforde, V. Perrichot, J. Rikkinen, S. Saint Martin, V. Thiel, L. Seyfullah","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-213-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-213-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Marine microorganisms trapped in amber are\u0000extremely rare in the fossil record, and the few existing inclusions\u0000recovered so far originate from very few pieces of Cretaceous amber from\u0000France. Marine macroscopic inclusions are also very rare and were recently\u0000described from Cretaceous Burmese amber and Early Miocene Mexican amber.\u0000Whereas a coastal setting for the amber source forests is generally proposed,\u0000different scenarios have been suggested to explain how these marine\u0000inclusions can become trapped in a resin of terrestrial origin. These\u0000scenarios include an introduction of marine organisms (i) through high tides,\u0000(ii) from storms and resulting in flooding of the littoral/estuarine forest\u0000floor, (iii) in resin dropped into the sea in mangrove-type settings, or\u0000(iv) by wind and sea spray. We investigated the possibility of a wind-driven\u0000introduction of marine microorganisms into tree resins using modern coastal\u0000conifer forests with the highly resinous Cook pine (Araucaria columnaris) in New Caledonia as a model for the Cretaceous amber forests\u0000from France. By exposing fresh resin surfaces on the seaward side of the\u0000trees and the collection of older in situ resins, we confirmed that marine\u0000microorganisms can become trapped on sea-exposed resin, along with remnants\u0000from terrestrial organisms, and salt crystals. We suggest that, for cases\u0000where only a few marine inclusions are discovered in an amber deposit, an\u0000origin from aeolian background deposition is feasible. However, a more\u0000energetic but possibly still aeolian event is likely needed to explain the\u0000high numbers of marine microorganisms embedded in pieces of Cretaceous amber\u0000from France.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45016812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new genus of fungus weevils (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) in Rovno amber","authors":"A. Legalov, V. Nazarenko, E. Perkovsky","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-207-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-207-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. New fungus weevils, Eduardoxenus unicus (ZooBank registration:\u0000urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5732 BC85-9148-4FE5-A4F6-46847BA0138D,\u0000urn:lsid:zoobank.org: act:4D3B3EA8-AE0E-4E6D-A770-B427AC19ED03) Legalov,\u0000Nazarenko et Perkovsky, gen. et sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), are\u0000described from late Eocene Rovno amber. The new genus is similar to the genus\u0000Cyptoxenus Valentine, 1982, but differs in coarsely faceted eyes,\u0000antennomere 2 shorter than antennomere 1 and an almost glabrous body. It\u0000differs from the genus Valenfriesia Alonso-Zarazaga et Lyal, 1999 in\u0000the coarsely faceted eyes, almost straight transversal carina on the pronotum\u0000and distinct elytral humeri, and it differs from the genus Neoxenus\u0000Valentine, 1999 in distinct lateral carina on the pronotum, coarsely faceted\u0000eyes and almost straight transversal pronotal carina. This fossil fungus\u0000weevil is the oldest finding of the tribe Valenfriesiini in fossil state and\u0000the first record of the Choraginae from the Eocene amber. The\u0000palaeogeographical and palaeoclimatological importance of finding\u0000Valenfriesiini in Rovno amber is discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45429370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Paleocene record of marine diatoms in deep-sea sediments","authors":"J. Renaudie, Effi-Laura Drews, S. Böhne","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-183-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-183-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Marine planktonic diatoms, as today's ocean main carbon and silicon exporters, are central to developing an understanding of the interplay between the evolution of marine life and climate change. The diatom fossil record extends as far as the Early Cretaceous, and the late Paleogene to Recent interval is relatively complete and well documented. Their early Paleogene record, when diatoms first expanded substantially in the marine plankton, is hampered by decreased preservation (notably an episode of intense chertification in the early Eocene) as well as by observation bias. In this article, we attempt to correct for the latter by collecting diatom data in various Paleocene samples from legacy Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program deep-sea sediment sections. The results show a different picture from what previous analyses concluded, in that the Paleocene deep-sea diatoms seem in fact to have been as diverse and abundant as in the later Eocene, while exhibiting very substantial survivorship of Cretaceous species up until the Eocene.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rostrum size differences between Toarcian belemnite battlefields","authors":"Patrícia Rita, K. De Baets, M. Schlott","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-171-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-171-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Body size changes have been reported across crisis intervals. Belemnites – now considered extinct stem-decabrachians – have rarely been investigated for this purpose, and the few studies have resulted in ambiguous outcomes. Here we investigate two Toarcian belemnite accumulations in southern Germany from a morphometric point of view with the support of computed tomography data. The aim of this study is to test whether a difference in size can be observed between the rostra of the two studied samples, from individual lineage to community, and which proxy is more reliable. A significant decrease in median size from the Early Toarcian (Dactylioceras tenuicostatum Zone) to the Middle Toarcian (Haugia variabilis Zone) is recognized. This is observed at the community level of organization, considering the whole assemblage, but also within Passaloteuthis–Acrocoelites lineage, at the genus level. It is also demonstrated that diameter-based measurements or maximum preserved length are not reliable proxies for size, and therefore apical length or three-dimensional approximations, such as the geometric mean or the post-phragmocone volume, are more advisable. This is especially important when comparing specimens with markedly different rostrum shapes. Further studies are, however, still necessary to disentangle the mechanisms behind the reduction in rostrum size within the Toarcian and their putative environmental causes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48127256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osseous anomalies of the cryptobranchid Eoscapherpeton asiaticum (Amphibia: Caudata) from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan","authors":"P. Skutschas, V. Kolchanov, E. Boitsova, I. Kuzmin","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-159-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-159-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Osseous anomalies/pathologies in the Late Cretaceous cryptobranchid\u0000salamander Eoscapherpeton asiaticum from the Turonian\u0000Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan are\u0000analyzed using gross morphological description, microCT, and histologic\u0000analysis. These pathologies result from\u0000trauma (fractured and subsequently healed dentary and femora; hematoma on\u0000femur), possible infection due to trauma (prearticular with exostosis and\u0000necrotic cavities; anterior trunk vertebra and fused vertebra with\u0000pathological enlargements formed during reactive periosteal growth) and\u0000congenital disorders (hemivertebra and fused vertebrae with shortened\u0000asymmetrical centra and abnormal arrangements of transverse processes). The\u0000origin of the pathologies of two atlantal specimens (enlargement of\u0000transverse processes) is unclear. Our report of hemivertebra in\u0000Eoscapherpeton is the first occurrence of this congenital pathology\u0000in a fossil lissamphibian. The occurrence of several traumatic femoral\u0000pathologies in Eoscapherpeton could be a result of intraspecific\u0000aggressive behavior. Bone pathologies are described for the first time in\u0000fossil salamanders.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth patterns, sexual dimorphism, and maturation modeled in Pachypleurosauria from Middle Triassic of central Europe (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)","authors":"N. Klein, E. Griebeler","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-137-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-137-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bone tissue, microanatomy, and growth are studied in humeri of the\u0000pachypleurosaurs Dactylosaurus from the early Anisian of Poland and of\u0000aff. Neusticosaurus pusillus from the Lettenkeuper (early Ladinian) of\u0000southern Germany. Histology and modeled growth curves are compared to\u0000already published data of other pachypleurosaurs. Therefore, we herein established growth curves for Anarosaurus from the middle Anisian of\u0000Winterswijk (the Netherlands) and for pachypleurosaurs from the Anisian/Ladinian of\u0000the Alpine Triassic (i.e., Neusticosaurus spp. and\u0000Serpianosaurus). Humeri of Dactylosaurus,\u0000Anarosaurus, and aff. N. pusillus, all from the Germanic\u0000Basin, usually display an inner ring of (pre-)hatchling bone tissue. In some\u0000samples this tissue is surrounded by a layer of perpendicularly oriented fine\u0000fibers, which could indicate the start of active locomotion for foraging or\u0000might be related to viviparity. However, pachypleurosaurs from the Alpine\u0000Triassic do not show this tissue. This in turn could be related to overall\u0000differences in the environments inhabited (Germanic Basin vs. Alpine\u0000Triassic). Histological comparison revealed distinct taxon-specific\u0000differences in microanatomy and bone tissue type between Anarosaurus\u0000on the one hand and Dactylosaurus and the\u0000Neusticosaurus–Serpianosaurus clade on the other hand.\u0000Microanatomical differences imply a different degree in secondary\u0000adaptation to an aquatic environment. Life-history traits derived histologically and obtained from modeling growth\u0000were in general rather similar for all studied pachypleurosaurs. Onset of\u0000sexual maturation was within the first third of life. Asymptotic ages\u0000(maximum life span) considerably exceeded documented and modeled ages at\u0000death in all pachypleurosaur taxa. All traits modeled (more or less) matched values seen in similar-sized extant reptiles. Growth curves revealed\u0000differences in growth and maturation strategies within taxa that could\u0000indicate sexual dimorphism expressed in different adult sizes and a different\u0000onset of sexual maturation. Differences in gender size and morphology is well\u0000documented for the Chinese pachypleurosaur Keichousaurus and for\u0000Neusticosaurus spp. from the Alpine Triassic. Birth-to-adult size\u0000ratios of herein studied pachypleurosaurs were consistent with those seen in\u0000other viviparous Sauropterygia, other viviparous extinct taxa as well as extant\u0000viviparous reptiles. Anarosaurus had the highest maximum growth\u0000rates of all pachypleurosaurs studied, which best conformed to those seen in\u0000today's similar-sized reptiles and is expected from its bone tissue type. The\u0000other pachypleurosaur taxa had lower rates than the average seen in\u0000similar-sized extant reptiles. We hypothesize from our data that the considerably higher asymptotic ages\u0000compared to ages at death, early onset of maturation compared to asymptotic\u0000age, and viviparity reflect that pachypleurosaurs lived in predator-dominated\u0000environments.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New information on the Cenomanian bothremydid turtle Algorachelus based on new, well-preserved material from Spain","authors":"A. Pérez‐García","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-119-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-119-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Algorachelus peregrinus is the oldest representative of the crown\u0000group Pleurodira known in Laurasia. The type locality of this bothremydid is\u0000Algora, situated in central Spain, at levels deposited during the uppermost\u0000middle–lowermost upper\u0000Cenomanian. A new excavation was recently carried out in this town. As a\u0000result, abundant material of Algorachelus peregrinus has been found.\u0000Several complete shells, as well as numerous partial carapaces and plastra,\u0000are presented here. The abundance of remains allows the analysis of the\u0000general patterns by which some of the shells of this littoral form were\u0000partially or totally disarticulated. The analysis of these remains not only\u0000shows several pathologies but also improves the knowledge about the anatomy\u0000and intraspecific variability of Algorachelus peregrinus. This new\u0000information allows the revision of other Cenomanian forms of Bothremydidae,\u0000both from the Middle East and from North America. Thus, Algorachelus\u0000is identified in these regions, being represented in the early or middle\u0000Cenomanian of Palestine by the new combination Algorachelus parvus,\u0000and in the uppermost Cenomanian of Utah by the new combination\u0000Algorachelus tibert. Therefore, a relatively fast and widely\u0000distributed geographic dispersion event is recognized, corresponding to the\u0000oldest dispersal event so far identified for a lineage of Pleurodira from\u0000Gondwana to Laurasia.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45986236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study of developmental palaeontology in Stereosternum tumidum (Mesosauridae, Parareptilia)","authors":"C. Bickelmann, L. A. Tsuji","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-109-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-109-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ontogenetic series of extinct taxa are rare. However, if preserved, fossil\u0000embryos and juveniles can provide evidence of developmental plasticity as\u0000related to ecological specialization. Here, we describe articulated and\u0000isolated juvenile material found in close association with an adult\u0000mesosaurid Stereosternum tumidum (MB.R.2089) from Lower Permian\u0000sediments in Brazil, housed in the collection of the Museum fur\u0000Naturkunde Berlin. Stylopodial, zeugopodial, and autopodial elements are not\u0000yet completely ossified in the juveniles, as indicated by compression\u0000artifacts on the surface of the bone. These correspond to internal\u0000ossification processes, which have been demonstrated in other aquatic taxa.\u0000Quantitative analysis of measurements in juvenile and adult material reveals\u0000differing growth rates between limb elements: hind limb zeugopodia, which are\u0000massive and elongate in the adult as needed for propulsion, are already\u0000comparatively larger in the juvenile than the humeri, femora, and also the\u0000zeugopodia of the forelimb. This pattern differs from that seen in another\u0000extinct aquatic reptile, Hovasaurus boulei. Nevertheless, we\u0000attribute the accelerated growth rate or earlier onset of ossification to be\u0000a potential developmental pathway generating limb element variation in the\u0000adult present in 280 million year old mesosaurs, which are known for their\u0000fully aquatic lifestyle, in which the hind limbs play a more prominent role\u0000than the forelimbs.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new pachyrhizodontid fish (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the Muhi Quarry (Albian-Cenomanian), Hidalgo, Mexico","authors":"G. Arratia, K. González-Rodríguez, Citlalli Hernández-Guerrero, Citlalli Hernández-Guerrero","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-93-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-93-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A new genus and species – Motlayoichthys sergioi (ZooBank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2C503741-2362-4234-8CE0-BB7D8BE5A236, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF5040FD-F306-4C0F-B9DA-2CC696CA349D) – from the Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of the Muhi Quarry, Hidalgo, central Mexico is assigned to the family Pachyrhizodontidae based on the presence of the inner premaxillary tooth and a few other cranial characters. Its unique suite of characters, that includes several autapomorphies supports its assignment as a new genus and species, such as the presence of a triangular head with three sides of similar lengths and with its deepest part at the level of the supraoccipital region; the lower jaw projecting anterior to the premaxilla; the ornamentation of cranial bones – especially those of the cheek region – consisting of fine longitudinal crests densely covering the bony surfaces; one or a few deep grooves on the mandibular teeth, which in addition bear acrodin tips ornamented with fine parallel striae; and the position of the dorsal fin, near the posterior margin of the cranium. Motlayoichthys n. gen., together with Michin, Pachyrhizodus, Rhacolepis, and Notelops, is part of the early radiation of pachyrhizodontoids during Albian times.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48026452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postcrania of large dissorophid temnospondyls from Richards Spur, Oklahoma","authors":"B. Gee, R. Reisz","doi":"10.5194/FR-21-79-2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/FR-21-79-2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The early Permian karst system near Richards Spur, Oklahoma preserves a diverse\u0000assemblage of terrestrial dissorophoid temnospondyls. Here we report the\u0000presence of a large-bodied dissorophine dissorophid that is represented by an\u0000articulated anterior trunk region, including a partial pectoral girdle, a\u0000ribcage characterized by extremely developed uncinate processes, and a rare,\u0000completely articulated pes. This represents the first documentation of the\u0000clade at the locality. Previously, dissorophids were represented only by the\u0000eucacopine Cacops. A complete pelvic girdle with hindlimbs is also referred to Cacops\u0000and represents the first material of the posterior trunk region to be\u0000described from the genus at Richards Spur. These specimens expand the\u0000taxonomic diversity known from the site and provide significant,\u0000well-preserved postcranial material that improves the characterization of\u0000dissorophid postcranial anatomy.","PeriodicalId":48830,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41257669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}