Journal of Engineering Research最新文献

{"title":"Predicting reattaching turbulent gas-solid flow with a strong pressure gradient","authors":"A.S. Dawood ,&nbsp;A.S. Amer ,&nbsp;R.M. Abumandour ,&nbsp;W.A. El-Askary","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the focus is on examining how the flow characteristics are influenced by particle density in the context of downward turbulent gas-solid flow through a sudden expansion pipe. The Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is performed to simulate the gas and the solid phases. A self-written FORTRAN code is developed based on the finite volume technique with a hybrid scheme in a staggered grid to simulate the problem. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations are employed to study the flow dynamics. After comparing the outcomes with previously published experimental findings, the current code demonstrates favorable results that provide encouragement for the authors to expand their theoretical work and explore various parameters. The sudden expansion performance is studied at different particle materials (sodium, sand, aluminum, copper, and gold) and Reynolds numbers. In light of the computational results, the particle material has a significant influence on the flow behavior. As the particle density increases from sodium to gold, the solid phase becomes more concentrated and exhibits different flow patterns. The particle density also affects the pressure distribution, velocity profiles, and turbulent kinetic energy in the flow. The particle size significantly influences both the flow behavior and the loss coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 1153-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil deformation under cyclic horizontal load in sand: Insights from experiments","authors":"Tong Jiang,&nbsp;Tianle He,&nbsp;Chen Liu,&nbsp;Longfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In addition to making a significant contribution to the reduction of carbon emissions, the offshore wind industry has played a significant role in the production of green energy. However, the foundation of offshore wind turbines is threatened by extreme wave loads in the long-term during normal service. Such loads alter the strength and stiffness of surrounding sand affecting the ultimate capacity and serviceability of the pile foundation. To explore the interaction mechanism between pile and soil, this study combines a model test system with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to study the deformation and stiffness degradation characteristics of the soil around piles under wave loading. The results indicated that the behaviors of the horizontal displacement at the pile top remain consistent regardless of the different triggers, and their general performance can be divided into three stages: linear, sluggish-growth, and stable-deformed stage. Furthermore, the deformation fields of passive zone soil mass exhibit a wedge-shaped distribution, while active zone soil shows significant differences under different loading conditions. In this study, the stiffness degradation model of the soil around the pile was optimized, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The model can be used to evaluate the stiffness degradation of soil under wave loading, and the research results can provide references for designing monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 1414-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance characterization of an additively manufactured mechanical structure produced in single and multiple materials with varying configurations","authors":"Hamza Qayyum ,&nbsp;Ghulam Hussain ,&nbsp;Wasim Ahmed Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Qasim Zafar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Wu Hong ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alkahtani","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays light weighting is gaining increasing importance to minimize fuel consumption and improve flight endurance of aerial and space vehicles. The present study aims to apply multi-material additive manufacturing to achieve the mentioned objective in a wing spar without compromising its structural integrity. For concept proofing, two polymer-based materials namely Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Carbon Fiber reinforced Polylactic Acid (CF-PLA) were employed for printing a wing spar in single and multiple materials with varying configurations. Given larger bending stresses on the outer surfaces, the outer structure of the spar was printed in CF-PLA as it has higher strength. However, the inner structure, i.e., close to the neutral plane, was printed in low-density ABS thereby resulting in high strength-to-weight ratio wing spars. The performance of the printed spars was tested in terms of load-to-weight ratio, stiffness-to-weight ratio, and energy absorbed. The results revealed that the multi-material spars interestingly exhibited improved performance, which compared with that of the ABS spars was 109 % greater in terms of load-bearing capacity and 76 % better in terms of energy absorption ability. The suitability of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to simulate the performance of spars was also examined. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental ones thereby confirming that the FEA can be employed as a reliable tool to test and tailor the performance of any multi-material spar without performing experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 909-922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on surrogate models and optimization algorithms of compressor characteristic based on digital twins","authors":"Qirong Yang,&nbsp;Hechun Wang,&nbsp;Chuanlei Yang,&nbsp;Yinyan Wang,&nbsp;Deng Hu,&nbsp;Binbin Wang,&nbsp;Baoyin Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the digitization of turbocharger, the prediction of compressor working state is essential. How to build a model with accurate prediction and less time-consuming is the premise of studying the digitization of turbochargers. As the relationship between compressor parameters is obtained through experiments, it cannot be expressed by simple functional equations, so the surrogate model is often used for fitting the curve. Five surrogate models, the Kriging model, Response Surface Methodology, Artificial Neural Networks, Radial Basis Function, and Support vector machines, were used to fit and regression compressor characteristic curves. And four optimization algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Gray Wolf algorithm, and Firefly Algorithm, were used to optimize the model. A method to construct a hybrid surrogate model is proposed. The results show that the influencing factors of the modeling pressure ratio and efficiency at all speed groups were confirmed; Different optimization algorithms have different optimization degrees for the five surrogate models; The prediction accuracy of the hybrid surrogate model is better than the optimized model and the single model. The constructed model can be applied in the digital twins system to predict the working state of the compressor in time to achieve the purpose of rapid response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 962-974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of physical and mechanical properties of porcelain tiles from coffee parchment husk ash","authors":"Joseph Atidi ,&nbsp;Hillary Kasedde ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Menya ,&nbsp;Peter Wilberforce Olupot","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee parchment husk ash (CPHA), a product from coffee processing was found to have similar fluxing oxides as are found in feldspars. CPHA is produced in large quantities through the combustion of coffee parchment in industries to produce energy for drying purposes. CPHA is commonly disposed of in landfills and open fields, causing pollution to the environment and ecosystems. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of porcelain tile bodies in which the portion of CPHA in feldspar was varied from 10 to 90 wt% and firing temperature from 800 to 1200 ℃. The response variables were linear shrinkage (LS), water absorption (WA), and flexural strength (FS). Other materials in the porcelain were maintained at 10 wt% sand, 20 wt% ball clay, and 40 wt% kaolin. Mixed proportions were dry pressed at 40 MPa and fired to respective peak temperatures at a rate of 34 ℃/min. The optimum conditions obtained were 10% of CPHA in feldspar and 1197 ℃ firing temperature. Validation experiments presented LS 8.15%, WA 0.11%, and FS 38.32 MPa. These values agree with optimum responses from RSM and therefore confirm the accuracy of developed prediction models. The test values lie within the range specified by 1SO 13006:2018 for porcelain floor tiles. These findings demonstrate that CPHA can be used as a raw material for production of porcelain floor tiles. Adoption of CPHA in ceramic production can contribute to reduction in the costs of maintaining landfills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 820-832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of residential buildings’ energy compliance standards on Iran’s GHG emissions toward achieving the Paris Agreement","authors":"Payam Soltan Ahmadi,&nbsp;Ahmad Khoshgard,&nbsp;Hossein Ahmadi Danesh Ashtiani","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Countries have been driven to undertake energy conservation measures to lessen their negative environmental effects due to rising CO₂ emissions worldwide. To effectively forecast the future status and evaluate the efficacy of energy-saving and mitigation scenarios, estimating energy consumption and the associated CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels is essential. The domestic sector in Iran, liable for using around 30% of the total energy consumption, is the focus of this research. The research has developed a model for future energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions distinctive to the features of the Iranian residential building stock by considering climate change and using statistical data. To assess prospective results, the Business-As-Usual and energy conservation scenarios are compared. The research also evaluates the potential of energy savings and CO₂ reduction across several provinces. The fulfillment of the energy compliance requirements confined in the National Building Regulations by considering the impact of climate change on energy consumption in dwellings of different climate regions has been prioritized. The results show that under different mitigation scenarios, CO2 emissions in the household sector are projected to decrease by 15.7%, 18.4%, 26.8%, and 31.8% by 2030 and 2050. According to the Paris Agreement, these reductions are consistent with Iran's Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. The study emphasizes the significance of targeted measures and policy implementations to lower CO2 emissions in the domestic sector substantially, supporting global efforts to mitigate climate change. The methodology described here addresses energy-related challenges within the constraints of available data on the residential building stock statistic. While acknowledging the potential for further refinement, the country's development of a detailed typology of residential buildings holds promise for enhancing the precision of the modeling in future studies and enabling more robust assessments of energy-saving strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 885-897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study the thermal response of a solar flat-plate collector under transient solar radiation experimentally and numerically","authors":"Basim Freegah ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hussien Alkhafaji ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hamed Alhamdo","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The target of the current study is to investigate and comparing the thermal response of solar flat plate collector (SFPC) for traditional and new model numerically and experimentally. The new model consists of elliptical-shaped riser pipes and a flat plate with longitudinal channels and wavy fins. The idea behind the new model is to increase the surface area exposed to solar radiation. All numerical models were created and simulated using ANSYS Fluid 19. R3. While, all of the experimental tests were conducted during the winter season in Baghdad, Iraq. The study showed that there are agree well between experimental and numerical results, and both models have the same behavior. The results showed that the new model outperformed the traditional one in terms of thermal response. The new one performed 23.6% better to compare the conventional model in terms of liquid temperature in the container. Additionally, the mass flow rate of liquid flowing within the closed loop of the new model is 7.9% higher than the traditional model. Moreover, in terms of overall thermal efficiency, the new model outperformed the traditional model by 22.4%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 898-908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative energy performance analysis of solar water pumping systems across diverse climate zones","authors":"Partheeban Pachaivannan ,&nbsp;Shiva Manimuthu ,&nbsp;Vishnupriyan Jegadeesan","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solar PV system-based water pumping plant is cost-effective in developing countries like India. This study compares remote solar water pumping systems, accounting various factors like site location, system size, and performance, in several climate-sensitive Indian regions. The PVsyst simulation software is used to design the standalone solar water pumping system. Data inputs are obtained from four different climatic locations in southern part of India. A comparative analysis is performed for the four regions based on the solar yield, performance ratio (PR), energy losses, and pump efficiency. The PVsyst simulation analysis shows that the overall pump efficiency ranges between 57 % and 66 %, and the performance ratio ranges between 51 % and 69 %. The outcome of the results is useful for making a policy decision about locating the best solar pumping station based on the climate conditions, particularly for remote villages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 923-937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of significant greenhouse gas emissions reduction using hydrogen fuel in a LFG/Diesel RCCI engine","authors":"Jafar Karbasi ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Jazayeri ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of solid waste in human societies and the related environmental and global warming concerns are increasing. Extensive use of existing conventional diesel and dual-fuel engines also causes the production of high levels of greenhouse gases and aggravating the aforementioned concerns. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reduce the greenhouse emissions in existing natural gas/diesel dual-fuel heavy-duty diesel engine. For this purpose, changing the type of combustion to reactivity-controlled compression-ignition combustion and using landfill gas instead of natural gas in a dual-fuel engine were simultaneously implemented. Moreover, a traditional method was used to evaluate the effect of variations in three important parameters on the engine's performance in order to determine the appropriate engine operating ranges. The simulation results indicate that although the consumption of 102,000 cubic meters per year of natural gas in each cylinder is reduced only by replacing landfill gas, the level of engine greenhouse gas emissions is too high compared to the relevant levels of emissions standards. Hence, by keeping the total energy content of the fuels constant, landfill gas enrichment with hydrogen was considered to reduce the engine emissions. The simulation results show that by increasing the hydrogen energy share up to 37%, the engine load has the potential to be improved up to 7% without any exposure to diesel knock. However, the downfall is the reduction in the gross indicated efficiency up to 3%. Meanwhile, not only the fifth level of the European emission standard for nitrogen oxides and the sixth level of this standard for carbon monoxide can be achieved, but it is also possible to overcome the high level of unburned methane as a drastic greenhouse gas and formaldehyde as a related carcinogenic species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 511-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechatronic seed metering control system for improving sowing uniformity of planters","authors":"C.M. Pareek ,&nbsp;V.K. Tewari ,&nbsp;Brajesh Nare","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most crucial aspect of a planter's performance lies in its ability to distribute the seeds at uniform spacing within the row. Conventional planters experience non-uniformity in seed spacing due to ground wheel skidding and high vibration prevalent with their ground wheel-driven mechanical transmission units. In addition, the seed spacing adjustment process in these machines is also very tedious and time-consuming. In this study, an embedded mechatronic seed metering control system that uses an electric motor instead of a ground-engaging wheel to drive the seed metering units was developed to address the challenges associated with conventional planters. This system was mainly comprised of an electric motor, motor controller, relay switches, microcontroller board, radar sensor, and 12 V battery. The developed system was incorporated with a conventional inclined plate planter, and the test planter's performance was evaluated in electric motor-driven (EMD) and ground wheel-driven (GWD) modes. The field-testing results demonstrated a significant improvement in the seed spacing uniformity with the EMD mode compared to the GWD mode, through an increase of 8.12–21.32% in the quality of feed index and a reduction of 11.82–19.73% in the precision across a speed range of 1.6–4.8 km/h. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the newly developed control system in addressing the problem of non-uniform seed spacing in conventional planters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 808-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135410977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}