Journal of Engineering Research最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of variance (anova) of the influence of molybdenum and cobalt additives on piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to determine how molybdenum and cobalt additives affect the structural and electrical characteristics of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3. by substituting zirconate and titanate with molybdenum and cobalt, individually or in combination, in the range of 0–2%. The powders were initially made in order to achieve this via a wet chemical process. They were then calcined at 800 °C for 4 h. The calcined powders' XRD examination indicates that the tetragonal phase rapidly diminishes with dopant concentration and concurrently gives way to rhombohedral phase. With an increase in dopant concentration, a SEM analysis of sintered discs showed a considerable change in grain size initially at the Zr site. Detailed investigations of the PZT's piezoelectric properties Significant changes in the piezoelectric charge coefficient, electromechanical coupling coefficient, resonant frequency, and mechanical quality factor can be seen in the samples that were created and examined. Analysis of Variance was used to evaluate the impact of additives on resonance frequency, and the results revealed that the addition of molybdenum and cobalt has a significant impact on resonance frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 294-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85837132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles: A recent survey of machine learning approaches","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2024.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have emerged as a viable option for reducing pollution and attaining fuel savings in addition to reducing emissions. The effectiveness of HEVs heavily relies on the energy management strategies (EMSs) employed, as it directly impacts vehicle fuel consumption. Developing suitable EMSs for HEVs poses a challenge, as the goal is to maximize fuel economy yet optimize vehicle performance. EMSs algorithms are critical in determining power distribution between the engine and motor in HEVs. Traditionally, EMSs for HEVs have been developed based on optimal control theory. However, in recent years, a rising number of people have been interested in utilizing machine-learning techniques to enhance EMSs performance. This article presents a current analysis of various EMSs proposed in the literature. It highlights the shift towards integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) breakthroughs in EMSs development. The study examines numerous case studies, and research works employing machine learning techniques across different categories to develop energy management strategies for HEVs. By leveraging advancements in machine learning and AI, researchers have explored innovative approaches to optimize HEVs’ performance and fuel economy. Key conclusions from our investigation show that machine learning has made a substantial contribution to solving the complex problems associated with HEV energy management. We emphasize how machine learning algorithms may be adjusted to dynamic operating environments, how well they can identify intricate patterns in hybrid electric vehicle systems, and how well they can manage non-linear behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 454-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139634522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing performance of diaphragm wall pile combination foundation under vertical and horizontal loads","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of foundation engineering, finding new types of foundations with higher bearing capacity and stability has become an important research direction. In this paper, a new type of combined foundation consisting of diaphragm walls and pile groups is proposed, taking advantage of the benefits of both diaphragm walls and pile foundations. Finite element software is used to establish combined foundation models with diaphragm walls ranging from 1 m to 4 m in height, and model tests are conducted to validate the reliability of the finite element results. Subsequently, the settlement, axial force, and distribution of the horizontal axial force of the combined foundations under vertical loading are investigated for four different height combinations. Compared to pile foundations, combined foundations can significantly improve the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation. The axial forces in both the piles and diaphragm walls decrease abruptly at the connection between the two structures. The diaphragm walls can bear larger vertical loads, and a tensile force is generated in the 1 m high diaphragm wall between the pile groups, while compressive forces are generated at higher heights. Additionally, the horizontal bearing capacity of the combined foundation is examined by analyzing its horizontal displacement, bending moment of the piles and diaphragm walls, and horizontal axial force of the diaphragm walls. The horizontal bearing capacity of the combined foundation is 26% higher than that of the pile foundation. The 1 m high diaphragm wall provides constraint to the pile top, reducing the horizontal displacement. As the height of the diaphragm wall increases, the constraint effect weakens, and the horizontal bearing capacity at a height of 4 m mainly relies on the lower part of the pile body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 340-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77047488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distraction and visual search characteristics of young drivers when using navigation system displays","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Navigation systems are fast and efficient sources of road information for drivers. However, they can increase the potential for accidents by distracting drivers. This study investigated the impact of navigation systems on driver distraction and visual search under various driving conditions. Using a driving simulator, eye-tracking technology recorded visual search data from twenty young drivers. The experiment analyzed factors such as driving environment (urban and rural), illumination level (day and night), and navigation system display size (large and small), as well as their interactions. Multiple eye movement metrics were employed, including duration and frequency of GPS fixation, dwell duration on the road ahead, and dwelling on mirrors and side windows. Statistical analysis employed repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the data. Findings revealed that small GPS displays caused greater distraction in terms of average and total gaze duration. Additionally, distraction increased during daytime driving conditions. In terms of visual search, wider and more dispersed search patterns were observed during the day, resulting in improved driving performance. This study aims to compare small and large navigation displays to identify the more effective option in reducing driver distractions. The research contributes to understanding driver distraction and visual search when using navigation system displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 484-493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135349038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation study of indoor disinfection spray distribution based on CFD-DPM method","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.10.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's world, environmental safety has become a top priority, with a special focus on terminal disinfection of indoor environments, which has proven to be a crucial and formidable issue in infection control. The use of hydrogen peroxide disinfection through vaporization or atomization presents a viable solution to the challenges posed by traditional wiping disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection methods that are plagued by incomplete disinfection and other factors that can significantly reduce the virus content within a room. To improve the application of hydrogen peroxide disinfection spray, the CFD-DPM (Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Particle Model) method is employed to simulate the particle distribution of traditional sprays in a 30 m³ room. The study places emphasis on analyzing the impact of the placement position and bottle number of disinfection spray on the distribution of spray particles. The results demonstrate an impressive consistency between the numerical simulation method and experimental findings regarding the particle size distribution of disinfectant spray across various Schemes, validating the method's accuracy and reliability. However, the placement of a single disinfection spray source is insufficient to achieve uniformly distributed particles throughout the space when a bathroom is present within a given room. Nevertheless, by placing internal and external sources within the bathroom, the distribution of disinfectant spray particles becomes more even, thanks to a well conceived placement technique and an increased number of spray sources. Among all the schemes tested, Scheme 4 stands out for its ability to produce the greatest number of spray particles, with almost 60.71% of these particles remaining airborne for over 40 s. Therefore, it is also the most effective scheme for conducting disinfection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 562-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of riser-pipe cross section and plate geometry on the solar flat plate collector's thermal efficiency under natural conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study aims to enhance the thermal performance of the Solar Flat Plate Collector (SFPC). To achieve that, four proposed models of (SFPC) were investigated in terms of thermal response under transient solar radiation using passive techniques. Two of these models simulate the influence of different riser-pipe configurations, namely models A and B, respectively representing semicircular and elliptical cross sections. While, the other two models, -C- and -D- represent the effect of plate geometry, which represent dimples and channel plates, respectively. All geometric models and the numerical simulations were created using ANSYS 19. R3. The results show that there is good conformity between numerical and experimental findings. Moreover, all four proposed models have been found to have a better thermal response than conventional model. Furthermore, model -D- is found to be the better model among all the other models under investigation due to the increased surface area of the collector, which leads to receive more solar radiation (heat flux) and hence increases the heat transfer to the working fluid within the riser pipe, which increases the temperature of the working fluid and the water inside the container. The thermal response of model -D- in terms of working fluid temperature inside the container and water temperature at the exit is approximately 13.2% and 12.3% higher, respectively, as compared to the traditional model. In addition, the overall thermal efficiency of the model -D- collector is approximately 13.7% higher than the conventional model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 511-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of rotating bending fatigue of polylactic acid 3D printed parts by an extrusion-based additive manufacturing method","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of four parameters, namely layer height, nozzle temperature, infill percentage, and bed temperature, on the fatigue life of polylactic acid (PLA) printed parts using the extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM) process. The experiments were designed using the Taguchi method, considering three levels for each parameter. The extent of the impact and the optimal values of the process variables were determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to-noise ratio. To predict the fatigue behavior, an empirical model was presented, which was fitted to the fatigue results of the samples made with the optimal process variable values using the least squares method. Additionally, finite element simulations were conducted, and the results were compared with the experimental study findings. The results indicated that the optimal process variable values for maximum fatigue strength are a layer height of 0.3 mm, a nozzle temperature of 220 <span><math><mi>℃</mi></math></span>, a 100 % infill and a bed temperature of 60 <span><math><mi>℃</mi></math></span>. The ANOVA results revealed that the infill percentage, nozzle temperature, and layer height have the greatest influence on fatigue life, with respective contributions of 60.5 %, 28.1 %, and 7.7 %. The experimental modeling and finite element simulation results indicate that the proposed models predict fatigue behavior with regression coefficients of 96.3 % and 98.7 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 539-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80431369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A trusted security approach to detect and isolate routing attacks in mobile ad hoc networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Secure routing is of utmost importance in protecting mobile devices from external threats. However, the dynamic characteristics of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) pose significant challenges in achieving a secure routing path.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This paper aims to propose a Trust and Anonymous Model (TAM) for efficient and secure data routing in MANETs. The objective is to address the limitations of existing routing approaches and enhance the security of the network.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The TAM protocol is designed with a Two-Tier Security Mechanism (TTSM). In the first level of security, trustable nodes are selected based on their ability to process control messages. The recommended trust value of a node is determined by estimating the speed at which it processes control messages, with higher energy nodes being considered more trustable. In the second level of security, the original node identity is concealed, and data is transmitted through selected trusted nodes with duplicate identities generated using a factorial recursive function. This ensures secure transmission, as malicious observers are unable to identify participating nodes in the routing operation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The proposed TAM model is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art schemes such as A Multi-attribute-based Trusted Routing for Embedded devices (EMBTR) and a cognitive energy-efficient-based trusted model (CEMT). Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the TAM model achieves better performance in terms of energy consumption, delay, packet delivery rate, and false node detection rate, thereby improving network optimality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Trust and Anonymous Model (TAM) with its Two-Tier Security Mechanism (TTSM) presents a promising approach for secure data routing in MANETs. By selecting trustable nodes and utilizing duplicate identities, the TAM model enhances network security while achieving improved performance compared to existing schemes. The findings of this study contribute to the advancement of secure routing techniques in MANETs and provide insights for future research in this domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 379-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80640620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenting a mathematical model for reduction of delays in construction projects considering quality management criteria in uncertainty conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, organizations and corporations are fully aware of the fact that they can't satisfy their customers' needs considering the rapid change of their needs and tastes. In addition, the attempts made by organizations to add variety to their products and improving their own status don’t seem to be sufficient to meet customers' needs. Orientation of organizations and corporations to benefit from each other's expertise and facilities for satisfaction of customers'' needs in the form of a coherent and efficient supply chain was a strategy which has been the mere result of increasing technology growth. Therefore, Chance-Constrained Programming approach has been used in this study to compensate for the uncertainties resulting from construction projects. Therefore, after defining uncertainty-related parameters, such parameters will be included in the optimization model. The mathematical model provided in this study was multi-objective and multi-modal. In other words, different modes and conditions have been assumed for any activity. Moreover, one of the objectives assumed for mathematical model was to minimize the maximum delay time in project implementation. Then, GAMS software has been used to solve the mathematical model in small and medium scale and Matlab and NSGA-II meta-heuristic algorithm have been used to solve the model in large scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 476-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78849723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bio-inspired Energy Efficient Dynamic Task Scheduling (BEDTS) scheme and classification for virtualization CDC","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jer.2023.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cloud Data Centers (CDCs) have evolved into an essential computing infrastructure for businesses. These applications generate a variety of data traffic with varying needs that must be examined and processed on CDCs. Every CDC is made up of multiple servers, virtual infrastructures, and physical connections that manage the internet's informative traffic. CDCs make use of a number of critical technologies, such as virtualization and Service Level Agreements (SLA). Virtualization makes it easier to share cloud computing resources (for example, by separating a powerful Physical Machine (PM) into a series of Virtual Machines (VM)) whose power is comparatively less. Even though virtualization increases the use of PMs by establishing a set of VMs for offering customised services to satisfy the needs of end-users, it also introduces another difficulty to cloud computing: map the VMs to the appropriate PMs. This is referred to as the VM deployment problem, and it is a Nondeterministic Polynomial time problem (NP-problem). CDC task scheduling is appropriate to augment the energy efficiency and resource usage in cloud computing. In the case of real-time tasks in virtualized CDC, the Bio-Inspired Energy Efficient Dynamic Task Scheduling (BEDTS) method is proposed. The Adaptive Elephant Herding Optimization (AEHO) technique is introduced in the BEDTS algorithm for optimal selection of VMs with resource restrictions and jobs. Initially, heterogeneous jobs and VMs are identified using a previous scheduling record. The Bayes classifier and Historical Scheduling Record (HSR), which allow for the identification of both the task type and VM type, serve as the foundation for task categorization. Then, related tasks are combined and then scheduled to make the best use of the host's operational status. When compared to previous approaches, experimental results reveal that BEDTS considerably enhances the scheduling performance on the whole, attains improved CDC resource utilisation, boosts task guarantee ratio, lowers average response time, and decreases the energy usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 387-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86530731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}