Foot and Ankle Surgery最新文献

Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment for syndesmosis injury using magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review. 磁共振成像对韧带联合损伤的诊断标准和严重程度评估：系统回顾。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.009

Owen T Kennedy, Julia E Ralph, Alexander Hodakowski, Brian C Lau

{"title":"Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment for syndesmosis injury using magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review.","authors":"Owen T Kennedy, Julia E Ralph, Alexander Hodakowski, Brian C Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"High ankle sprains involving syndesmosis injury present challenges in both diagnosis and severity assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging is widely regarded as the preferred modality for evaluating syndesmosis injury and related structural damage. This systematic review primarily examined the diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging. Secondarily, it explores grading and prognostics of syndesmosis injuries with magnetic resonance imaging and identified possible imaging parameters predictive of injury severity. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Scopus was performed through February 12, 2025, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Peer-reviewed human studies in English that used magnetic resonance imaging to assess syndesmosis injury were included. Excluded were review articles, case reports, abstract-only studies, and biomechanical or cadaveric investigations. Twenty-seven studies comprising 1931 ankles met inclusion criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for complete tears of the anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments. Ancillary signs such as the ring-of-fire edema pattern, distal tibiofibular joint effusion, and widening of the distal joint space exhibited high specificity with variable sensitivity and may assist in grading injury severity. Magnetic resonance imaging in chronic syndesmosis injury primarily detects fibrotic scarring and post-injury changes. Evidence gaps remain regarding the parameters that best determine injury severity and indicate early surgical intervention in competitive athletes. Consolidating multiple magnetic resonance imaging findings into standardized diagnostic criteria may improve reliability and clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Letter to the editor to comment on "The effect of preoperative osteoporosis on postoperative outcomes following total ankle arthroplasty". 致编辑评论“术前骨质疏松症对全踝关节置换术后预后的影响”。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.03.013

Yilu Bao, Jiezhen Peng

引用次数: 0

Early radiographic loss of intermetatarsal angle correction after single first TMT arthrodesis (Modified Lapidus) versus three-corner TMT arthrodesis. 单次TMT关节融合术（改良Lapidus）与三角TMT关节融合术后跖间角矫正的早期影像学损失。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.008

Antoine Acker, T Z Tunku Naziha, Laura Peurière, Filippo Pierobon, Victor Dubois-Ferrière, Nils Reymond, Mathieu Assal

{"title":"Early radiographic loss of intermetatarsal angle correction after single first TMT arthrodesis (Modified Lapidus) versus three-corner TMT arthrodesis.","authors":"Antoine Acker, T Z Tunku Naziha, Laura Peurière, Filippo Pierobon, Victor Dubois-Ferrière, Nils Reymond, Mathieu Assal","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Lapidus procedure treats hallux valgus with first-ray hypermobility. It can be performed as a single first tarsometatarsal (TMT) arthrodesis or a three-corner TMT construct with additional intermetatarsal fusion. Early loss of correction remains a concern. This study compared early radiographic stability between techniques.Methods: Fifty patients (15 three-corner TMT arthrodesis, 35 single first TMT arthrodesis) treated between 2014 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), Méary's angle, and tibial sesamoid position were measured on weight-bearing radiographs at 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively.Results: Both techniques achieved significant correction. The three-corner TMT arthrodesis group showed greater initial IMA correction at 6 weeks (p = 0.020) and maintained a lower IMA at 6 months (p = 0.001). Early IMA loss was greater after single first TMT arthrodesis (1.5°±1.7° vs 0.6°±0.8°, p = 0.013).Conclusion: Three-corner TMT arthrodesis was associated with greater early intermetatarsal stability than single first TMT arthrodesis.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Which radiographic plane should be used to quantify the distal tibia angle on weightbearing CT images? 在负重CT图像上，应该使用哪个x线平面来量化胫骨远端角度？

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.007

Jules Rasschaert, Pedro Drummond, Cédric Bonte, Wolfram Grün, Enrico Pozzessere, François Lintz, Cesar de Cesar Netto, Arne Burssens

{"title":"Which radiographic plane should be used to quantify the distal tibia angle on weightbearing CT images?","authors":"Jules Rasschaert, Pedro Drummond, Cédric Bonte, Wolfram Grün, Enrico Pozzessere, François Lintz, Cesar de Cesar Netto, Arne Burssens","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Precise quantification of distal tibial alignment is essential for planning corrective osteotomies and ankle joint replacement surgery. The lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) is the principal radiographic parameter used for this purpose. While LDTA is increasingly measured on weightbearing cone-beam CT (WBCT) using two-dimensional coronal slices, the optimal measurement plane remains unclear.Methods: In this retrospective comparative study, full-leg WBCT scans of patients scheduled for supramalleolar osteotomy (n = 20; mean age 47 ± 12.8 years) were analyzed. LDTA was measured on three coronal planes of the distal tibial plafond (anterior edge, mid-dome, posterior edge) and compared with semi-automated three-dimensional (3D) tibial alignment measurements as the reference standard.Results: Mid-dome LDTA showed no significant difference from the 3D reference (p > 0.05) and demonstrated excellent agreement. Anterior measurements significantly overestimated LDTA, while posterior measurements underestimated it (both p < 0.05), with only fair agreement.Conclusion: LDTA should be measured at the mid-dome of the distal tibial plafond on WBCT to ensure accurate and reproducible alignment assessment.Level of evidence: Level III - Retrospective Comparative Study.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and postoperative complications after total ankle arthroplasty: A propensity-matched cohort study. 全踝关节置换术后非烟草尼古丁依赖和术后并发症：一项倾向匹配的队列研究。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.006

Joseph A S McCahon, Shannon Fehr, Grant M Thomas, Joseph N Daniel, David I Pedowitz, Selene G Parekh

{"title":"Non-tobacco nicotine dependence and postoperative complications after total ankle arthroplasty: A propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Joseph A S McCahon, Shannon Fehr, Grant M Thomas, Joseph N Daniel, David I Pedowitz, Selene G Parekh","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The clinical impact of non-tobacco nicotine dependence (NTND) is poorly defined. This study evaluated the association between NTND and complications following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA).Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network was performed. Adults undergoing primary TAA (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] 27702) between 2010 and 2025 were included. Patients were categorized into NTND (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: F17, excluding tobacco-specific codes) and nonsmoker cohorts. Propensity score matching (1:1) yielded 939 NTND patients and 939 controls. Ninety-day medical and wound complications and ≥ 2-year mechanical outcomes were assessed.Results: NTND patients had higher rates of 90-day readmission (11.7% vs 6.5%; OR 1.9), wound disruption (4.3% vs 2.6%; OR 1.7), surgical site infection (3.1% vs 1.6%; OR 2.0), and sepsis (2.4% vs 1.1%; OR 2.3). At a minimum 2-year follow-up, NTND was not associated with increased risk of mechanical complications.Conclusion: These findings challenge the assumption that smokeless nicotine products are benign in the perioperative setting and support incorporating NTND screening and cessation counseling into preoperative optimization protocols. Future prospective studies are warranted to further characterize the dose-dependent effects of non-tobacco nicotine exposure and to evaluate the impact of perioperative cessation strategies on outcomes following TAA.Level of evidence: IV.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iatrogenic risk and anatomical variability of the posterior tibial nerve bifurcation relative to the Dellon-McKinnon line: Assessing safety in medial ankle procedures. 胫骨后神经分叉相对于Dellon-McKinnon线的医源性风险和解剖学变异性：评估内侧踝关节手术的安全性。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.005

Shivam Thaker, Krishna Prasad, Chandni Gupta, Rahul Shekhar, Suriti Pathak, Nashra Khan, Mayank Jha, Simki Mehta, Souhardya Das

{"title":"Iatrogenic risk and anatomical variability of the posterior tibial nerve bifurcation relative to the Dellon-McKinnon line: Assessing safety in medial ankle procedures.","authors":"Shivam Thaker, Krishna Prasad, Chandni Gupta, Rahul Shekhar, Suriti Pathak, Nashra Khan, Mayank Jha, Simki Mehta, Souhardya Das","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Precise knowledge of the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) branching pattern is critical to avoid iatrogenic injury during medial foot and ankle procedures. This study aimed to perform a morphometric assessment of the PTN terminal branching in relation to the Dellon-McKinnon Line (DML) to identify safe surgical zones.Methods: Forty-three formalin-fixed adult cadaveric limbs were dissected. The bifurcation points of the PTN, its level and distance were measured relative to the DML. Bifurcation angle, and foot length were also measured. Statistical analysis of the measured parameters was performed.Results: The PTN bifurcated above the level, at the level and below the level of DML in 53.5%, 37.2% and 9.3% of specimens. The mean bifurcation angle was 16.92°.Conclusion: These findings provide quantitative boundaries for establishing safe surgical corridors in medial ankle ORIF (open reduction and internal fixation), ligamentous reconstruction, and tarsal tunnel decompression.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147724368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wedge tarsectomy using patient specific instrumentation for complex multiplanar foot deformity Reconstruction: A prospective case series. 楔形跗骨切除术使用患者特定的器械重建复杂的多平面足畸形：一个前瞻性的病例系列。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.004

Yahya Ibrahim, Panagiotis Poulious, Shelain Patel, Nick Cullen, Matthew Welck, Karan Malhotra

{"title":"Wedge tarsectomy using patient specific instrumentation for complex multiplanar foot deformity Reconstruction: A prospective case series.","authors":"Yahya Ibrahim, Panagiotis Poulious, Shelain Patel, Nick Cullen, Matthew Welck, Karan Malhotra","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bony correction in complex cavovarus deformities is often multiplanar. We examine our results following wedge tarsectomy (WT) using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI).Methods: This single-centre, prospective case series evaluated noncorrectable cavovarus feet undergoing PSI-guided WT. Accuracy of PSI guides/plans, operative duration, and adjunctive procedures were recorded. Weightbearing CT (WBCT) measurements and PROM scores were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively, with 1 year follow-up. Data was then statistically analysed.Results: Eleven patients were included. Planned correction was achieved (two required minor intraoperative adjustments to the initial osteotomy and nine required adjunctive procedures). Mean operative time was 135 min. Postoperative improvements were significant radiologically and in MOxFW walking distance. All fused by 3 months, with no significant complications.Conclusion: PSI-guided wedge tarsectomy safely achieves predictable multiplanar corrections. Our unit's experience has been excellent, with improvement in patients' walking, particularly with larger deformity corrections.Level of evidence: Level IV, prospective case series.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unlocking the surgical threshold: WBCT as a predictor in unstable ankle syndesmosis injuries. 解锁手术阈值：WBCT作为不稳定踝关节联合损伤的预测因子。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.003

Nicolas Protasowicki, Felipe Guerrero, Alberto Kyling, Felipe Chaparro, Giovanni Carcuro, Manuel J Pellegrini

{"title":"Unlocking the surgical threshold: WBCT as a predictor in unstable ankle syndesmosis injuries.","authors":"Nicolas Protasowicki, Felipe Guerrero, Alberto Kyling, Felipe Chaparro, Giovanni Carcuro, Manuel J Pellegrini","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Objective data are crucial for diagnosing syndesmotic instability. Currently, the gold standard is arthroscopy, which carries inherent risks. Therefore, specific criteria are necessary to recommend surgical intervention safely. Comparative Weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) serves as a valuable tool for assessing syndesmotic symmetry. However, the diagnostic threshold to diagnose instability remains unknown.Objective: To compare the syndesmotic area between uninjured participants and patients with syndesmotic injuries using WBCT.Methods: Patients aged 14-60 years with suspected syndesmotic injuries were included, with control patients who underwent WBCT for forefoot pathologies. The percentage difference between the injured and uninjured sides was calculated using comparative monopodial WBCT.Results: Thirty-eight patients in the study group and twenty-four in the control group were included. Arthroscopy was conducted in six (15.8%) patients, confirming syndesmotic instability. The remaining patients in the study group had stable injuries. The mean percentage area difference from confirmed syndesmal instability, stable syndesmosis, and uninjured ankles was 19.7% (IC 13.2-26.1), 6.8% (IC 0.6-12.9), and 1.46% (IC 0.98-1.94) (p = 0.008). The area under the curve was 0.863, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.3%, 89.3 respectively.Conclusion: Comparative WBCT helps determine the stability of syndesmotic injuries, suggesting that a 19% difference in the syndesmotic area between the uninjured and injured ankles should be used as the cutoff point.Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective, case-control study.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147786164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical outcomes of fusion vs excision in the treatment of painful type II accessory naviculars: A matched cohort study. 融合与切除治疗II型副小舟疼痛的临床结果：一项匹配队列研究。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.002

Nian Sun, Yijun Liu, Han Yan, Canjun Zeng, Hao Guo

{"title":"Clinical outcomes of fusion vs excision in the treatment of painful type II accessory naviculars: A matched cohort study.","authors":"Nian Sun, Yijun Liu, Han Yan, Canjun Zeng, Hao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For painful Type II accessory naviculars, whether to remove or fuse them remains unclear based on the current literature. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of fusion versus excision in treating painful type II accessory naviculars.Methods: This retrospective comparative study included and followed 54 eligible patients (from May 2017 to March 2023). After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), 34 patients (17 fusion versus 17 excision) were analyzed. Outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score, Tegner score, complication rates, and radiographic measurements. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the appropriate accessory navicular size cutoff for predicting nonunion following fusion.Results: The mean follow-up was 35.0 ± 9.9 months. The fusion and excision groups showed significant and comparable VAS and AOFAS score improvements (p < .001). The fusion group had a higher complication rate (41.2% vs. 5.9%, p = .039), primarily nonunion and persistent pain. ROC curve analysis identified 50.3 mm² as the cutoff for nonunion risk; sizes < 50.3 mm² predicted high nonunion likelihood.Conclusions: Both fusion and excision are effective treatments for painful type II accessory naviculars, demonstrating acceptable pain and functional improvement during midterm follow-up. However, the lower complication rate along with relatively superior functional recovery favors the excision technique. For accessory naviculars smaller than 50.3 mm2, excision may be a better choice.Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topographical and morphological evaluation of the ligaments of the ankle joint: Anatomical reference for surgical reconstruction. 踝关节韧带的地形和形态学评价：外科重建的解剖学参考。

IF 2 3区医学

Foot and Ankle Surgery Pub Date : 2026-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.001

Olivia Golden, Naila Ali, Ibrahim Iliya, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad

{"title":"Topographical and morphological evaluation of the ligaments of the ankle joint: Anatomical reference for surgical reconstruction.","authors":"Olivia Golden, Naila Ali, Ibrahim Iliya, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although several studies have described ankle ligaments, important gaps remain regarding combined quantitative and topographical analyses of both the medial and lateral ligament complexes in the same cohort. Furthermore, the surgical relevance of reproducible distances from palpable landmarks and the prevalence of anatomical variants has not been comprehensively reported. This study aimed to provide morphometric data and identify variations in the medial and lateral ankle ligaments.Methods: Ten ankle joints from five adult cadavers (three male, two female) were dissected. The anterior talofibular (ATFL), calcaneofibular (CFL), posterior talofibular (PTFL), tibionavicular (TNL), tibiocalcaneal (TCL), anterior tibiotalar (ATTL), and posterior tibiotalar (PTTL) ligaments were dissected and measured using digital vernier callipers. Topographical relationships and morphological features were documented. Comparisons between sides and sexes were performed.Results: Three morphological variants of the CFL and two of the ATFL were identified, while the PTFL, TCL, TNL, ATTL, and PTTL demonstrated consistent morphology. The mean ATFL length was 22.73 ± 2.01 mm and the CFL 26.93 ± 3.86 mm. No significant dimensional differences were found between right and left ankles or between sexes (P > 0.05). Distances from palpable landmarks to ligament attachment sites showed low variability (coefficient of variation <10%).Conclusion: This study provides reproducible morphometric and topographical data, as well as novel observations on morphological variations of the ATFL and CFL. These findings offer reliable anatomical reference points and contribute novel data that may refine pre-operative planning, graft positioning, and intra-operative localisation during ankle ligament reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":48743,"journal":{"name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147718670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0