South American Journal of Herpetology最新文献_第8页

Leukocyte Profile of Tadpoles and Juveniles of Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 (Anura) and the Effects of Nonylphenol and Cyproterone Acetate 石贝蝌蚪和幼鱼的白细胞谱及壬基酚和醋酸环丙孕酮的影响

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00111.1

L. S. de Gregorio, L. Franco‐Belussi, C. de Oliveira

{"title":"Leukocyte Profile of Tadpoles and Juveniles of Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 (Anura) and the Effects of Nonylphenol and Cyproterone Acetate","authors":"L. S. de Gregorio, L. Franco‐Belussi, C. de Oliveira","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00111.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00111.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Amphibians are threatened with extinction worldwide, and one of the global causes is environmental pollution. Several toxicants can interfere with their immune system, making them more susceptible to disease, which also contributes to their decline. The contaminants 4-nonylphenol (NP), a detergent with estrogenic properties, and cyproterone acetate (CPA), an anti-androgenic medicine, are known to impair the immune system of some vertebrates, but the effects are understudied in anurans. In this study, we evaluated the effects of NP (at 1, 10, and 100 µg/L) and CPA (at 0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 ng/L) on leukocyte count in tadpoles and juveniles of Lithobates catesbeianus. We analyzed lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and thrombocytes in a proportional count and made comparisons between the groups. The experiments lasted 28 d, and the conditions were almost identical for both stages (varying only the volume of water). The tadpoles showed decreased lymphocytes and increased neutrophils at 1 µg/L NP and increased eosinophils at the two highest doses of CPA. The juveniles showed reduced neutrophils in all treatments with both compounds and increased thrombocytes (except at 2.5 ng/L CPA). Also, all dosages of CPA increased basophils. Although the life-stages had different response patterns, our study showed that NP and CPA altered the proportion of leukocytes on blood stream in both stages, probably as a response against the negative effects of the compounds, which might make the animals more susceptible to diseases and contribute to their decline.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44341294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Seasonal Activity of Bothrops jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae): Optimizing Foraging while Avoiding Predators jarraca Bothrops（Serpentes，Viperidae）的季节性活动：在躲避捕食者的同时优化觅食

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00117.1

L. H. Siqueira, K. Banci, O. A. Marques

{"title":"Seasonal Activity of Bothrops jararaca (Serpentes, Viperidae): Optimizing Foraging while Avoiding Predators","authors":"L. H. Siqueira, K. Banci, O. A. Marques","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00117.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00117.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The peak of activity of Bothrops jararaca is in the rainy season. This pitviper feeds mainly on small mammals and is preyed upon by several avian and mammal predators. However, the association between jararaca's seasonal activity with that of their prey and predators remains unknown. The present study tested the hypothesis that the peak activity of B. jararaca coincides with that of their prey and predators, mainly due to favorable climatic conditions during this period. Snake activity was inferred from standardized searches and animals deposited in herpetological collections. Seasonal activity of prey was inferred from monthly sampling carried out over one year using pitfall and Sherman traps. Plasticine models were used to infer predation risk. Analyses of predator and prey abundance were performed, taking into account climatic variables, and models explaining this relationship were proposed. Activity of both B. jararaca and its prey was higher in the rainy season. Activity of the latter was positively correlated with temperature and rainfall. Predator activity, however, was higher in the dry season and negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall but positively correlated with humidity. The peak activity of B. jararaca in the rainy season might favor foraging activities, since this period coincides with greater prey abundance and decreased predation risk. During the dry season when resource availability is low, predators feed opportunistically, encountering dangerous prey such as B. jararaca. In summary, the activity pattern showed by the snake clearly increases its survival.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45743459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Risk of Nest Flooding in a Population of the Magdalena River Turtle (Podocnemis lewyana) Inhabiting the Climatic Equator in Northern Colombia 居住在哥伦比亚北部气候赤道地区的马格达莱纳河龟(Podocnemis lewyana)种群巢淹的风险

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00105.1

Brian C. Bock, Paula A. Espinal-García, Juan David Silva-Macias, Vivian P. Páez

{"title":"Risk of Nest Flooding in a Population of the Magdalena River Turtle (Podocnemis lewyana) Inhabiting the Climatic Equator in Northern Colombia","authors":"Brian C. Bock, Paula A. Espinal-García, Juan David Silva-Macias, Vivian P. Páez","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00105.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00105.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We quantified nesting activity and incidence of nest flooding in a population of the Magdalena River turtle (Podocnemis lewyana), which inhabits the climatic equator in northern Colombia, during two dry seasons when beaches formed (“verano”—December to March—and “veranillo”—July and August). Nesting activity was concentrated in the verano period, despite the presence of suitable nesting habitat in both dry season periods. More than half of all nests were harvested by local people, and 42.5% of the nests in both dry seasons that survived harvest were subsequently lost to flooding due to rises in the river to approximately a 4.15 m level. We used this value as a threshold value for the appearance of beaches and inspected a 44-year data base on river levels in this area. The verano and veranillo nesting periods did not differ in terms of opportunities for successful nesting, but there was evidence that the veranillo nesting season has increased significantly in duration in recent years, as well as experienced fewer flooding events. It is not clear why nesting each year is principally concentrated in the verano nesting season, but the evidence that this section of the Magdalena River is drying more in recent years during veranillo may entail a new threat to this population if it implies that non-nesting habitat (adjacent wetlands and channels) might eventually disappear.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46429624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological and Genetic Divergence within the Phymaturus payuniae Clade (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the Description of Two New Species 帕尤尼Phymaturus payuniae分支的形态和遗传差异（鬣蜥：Liolaemidae）及两新种记述

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00082.1

F. Lobo, D. A. Barrasso, T. Hibbard, M. Quipildor, Demian Slodki, S. Valdecantos, N. Basso

{"title":"Morphological and Genetic Divergence within the Phymaturus payuniae Clade (Iguania: Liolaemidae), with the Description of Two New Species","authors":"F. Lobo, D. A. Barrasso, T. Hibbard, M. Quipildor, Demian Slodki, S. Valdecantos, N. Basso","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00082.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00082.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Phymaturus payuniae clade is an endemic group of lizards inhabiting rocky outcrops of central western Argentina. All recognized species are found in an area of endemism called “Payunia.” Recent studies using morphological data and DNA markers found that the payuniae clade comprises at least 10 terminal taxa. In the present study, we revisited the morphology of all previously considered terminals and analyzed two new populations discovered in Neuquén province in 2005 and 2016. The revised character list allowed us to score morphological characters for several taxa whose morphologies were unknown prior to this study. In the present study, we sequenced ND4 for three terminals (completing other sequences available for these taxa), and Cytb, COI, 12S, and C-mos for one terminal (for which no DNA data had been reported). We then added these sequences to the pre-existing DNA databases for the genus. We estimated genetic distances for three mitochondrial markers among all members of the clade and calculated the evolutionary lability of morphological characters for the whole patagonicus group. Variation of 26 continuous characters was analyzed with Principal Component Analysis for all members of the payuniae clade and species of other clades of the patagonicus and palluma group. Additionally, we revised genital characters for all members of the group and included a description of the new taxa's hemipenial morphology. Considering the distribution of morphological characters among species, their genetic distances, different genital morphology, and the phylogenetic structure inferred, we are able to support the taxonomic status of all species of the group and add the formal description of two new species.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48711963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Tree-Holes as Alternative Reproductive Sites of Batrachyla antartandica Barrio, 1967 (Anura: Batrachylidae) 树洞作为南极Batrachyla的替代生殖场所，1967(无尾目:Batrachylidae)

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00064.1

Felipe E. Rabanal, C. Úbeda, Camila F. Tejo, E. Lavilla

引用次数: 1

Antioxidant Enzymes in Destructible and Non-Destructible Tissues in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) 美洲鳄(短吻鳄)可破坏和不可破坏组织中的抗氧化酶

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00118.1

J. Finger, Meghan D. Kelley, Yufeng Zhang, M. Hamilton, R. Elsey, M. Mendonça, A. Kavazis

{"title":"Antioxidant Enzymes in Destructible and Non-Destructible Tissues in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)","authors":"J. Finger, Meghan D. Kelley, Yufeng Zhang, M. Hamilton, R. Elsey, M. Mendonça, A. Kavazis","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00118.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00118.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Anthropogenic-derived stressors represent an ever-increasing risk to organisms worldwide. To understand the effects of stressors on organisms, many studies measure an organism's oxidative status. American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are long-lived, top trophic carnivores that have been suggested to serve as an indicator of environmental quality. Raised tail scutes on crocodilians are often marked to enable easy subsequent identifications. Recent studies have illustrated scutes can also serve as indicators of stress or toxicant exposure. In this study, we investigated another role of scutes: as potential non-destructive (i.e., not requiring euthanasia to obtain) indicators of oxidative status. Three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide-dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD2, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were measured in non-destructible (i.e., tail scutes) and destructible tissues using Western blot. Enzyme levels were then compared with body condition and health using principal component analysis (PCA). Linear mixed models revealed that tissue had a significant effect on relative enzyme level (all P < 0.05). PCAs revealed significant groupings (eigenvalues > 1) of both tail scutes and destructible tissues. Levels of GPX1 in tail scutes were positively related with body condition and organ mass. Our results suggest antioxidant enzyme levels in alligator tail scutes may serve as important, non-destructive indicators of internal organ and whole-body oxidative status. In addition, tail scute antioxidants may also provide insight into alligator body condition and health. Future studies involving captive or wild individuals should incorporate measuring tail scute antioxidant enzyme levels, along with more traditional stress parameters, to better understand how stressors affect crocodilians.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46391881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocalizations of Scinax dolloi (Anura, Hylidae) at Its Type Locality Vila de Maringá, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Including Bioacoustic Comparisons with Morphologically Similar Species 巴西里约热内卢Itatiaia Vila de Maringá的斑点蛙（Anura，Hylidae）的发声，包括与形态相似物种的生物声学比较

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00096.1

Lucas Rodrigo dos Santos, Paulo Henrique Silva, I. Martins

引用次数: 1

Cover and Masthead 盖子和刊头

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.2994/sajh-19.1-00000.1

引用次数: 0

Cover and Masthead 封面和报头

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.2994/sajh-20.1-00000.1

引用次数: 0

Aspects of the Reproductive Biology and Beeding Habits of Leptodeira annulata (Serpentes, Imantodini) in Eastern Amazonia 东亚马逊地区环纹细尾蛇的生殖生物学和吸血习性

IF 0.9 4区生物学

South American Journal of Herpetology Pub Date : 2021-04-25 DOI: 10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00080.1

G. Maschio, Rossineide Martins da Rocha, M. C. Dos Santos-Costa, Lais de Nazaré Barros Barbosa, Klyssia Stéfanni Fonseca dos Santos, Ana Lúcia Costa Prudente

{"title":"Aspects of the Reproductive Biology and Beeding Habits of Leptodeira annulata (Serpentes, Imantodini) in Eastern Amazonia","authors":"G. Maschio, Rossineide Martins da Rocha, M. C. Dos Santos-Costa, Lais de Nazaré Barros Barbosa, Klyssia Stéfanni Fonseca dos Santos, Ana Lúcia Costa Prudente","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00080.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00080.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We analyzed reproductive and feeding habits of Leptodeira annulata based on a sample of 136 specimens from eastern Amazonia and compared our data with information from the literature of other populations of L. annulata, as well as of Imantodes cenchoa. As a result, we detected sexual bimaturism, a continuous reproductive cycle, and no sexual dimorphism regarding snout–vent length. Anurans represent the predominant food item of L. annulata in the region, and these snakes do not exclude small prey from their diet, behaving as opportunistic feeders. Interspecific differences in relative fecundity between L. annulata and I. cenchoa may reflect body characteristics that would represent adaptations to the different reproductive strategies of the two species. Despite the conservative nature of some features of the life-cycle strategies of L. annulata, we demonstrate that reproductive strategies of the species may exhibit geographic variation based on the results of other studies approaching the same species in other areas of South America. Considering that larger conspecific females show higher fecundity, it is possible that natural selection favors sexual maturity of females to occur later.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0