South American Journal of Herpetology最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant Enzymes in Destructible and Non-Destructible Tissues in American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)","authors":"J. Finger, Meghan D. Kelley, Yufeng Zhang, M. Hamilton, R. Elsey, M. Mendonça, A. Kavazis","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00118.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00118.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Anthropogenic-derived stressors represent an ever-increasing risk to organisms worldwide. To understand the effects of stressors on organisms, many studies measure an organism's oxidative status. American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are long-lived, top trophic carnivores that have been suggested to serve as an indicator of environmental quality. Raised tail scutes on crocodilians are often marked to enable easy subsequent identifications. Recent studies have illustrated scutes can also serve as indicators of stress or toxicant exposure. In this study, we investigated another role of scutes: as potential non-destructive (i.e., not requiring euthanasia to obtain) indicators of oxidative status. Three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide-dismutase (SOD)-1, SOD2, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), were measured in non-destructible (i.e., tail scutes) and destructible tissues using Western blot. Enzyme levels were then compared with body condition and health using principal component analysis (PCA). Linear mixed models revealed that tissue had a significant effect on relative enzyme level (all P < 0.05). PCAs revealed significant groupings (eigenvalues > 1) of both tail scutes and destructible tissues. Levels of GPX1 in tail scutes were positively related with body condition and organ mass. Our results suggest antioxidant enzyme levels in alligator tail scutes may serve as important, non-destructive indicators of internal organ and whole-body oxidative status. In addition, tail scute antioxidants may also provide insight into alligator body condition and health. Future studies involving captive or wild individuals should incorporate measuring tail scute antioxidant enzyme levels, along with more traditional stress parameters, to better understand how stressors affect crocodilians.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"20 1","pages":"33 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46391881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocalizations of Scinax dolloi (Anura, Hylidae) at Its Type Locality Vila de Maringá, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Including Bioacoustic Comparisons with Morphologically Similar Species","authors":"Lucas Rodrigo dos Santos, Paulo Henrique Silva, I. Martins","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00096.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00096.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study presents the description of the advertisement call and a second call type of Scinax dolloi, recorded at its type locality, Vila de Maringá, Itatiaia, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The advertisement call consists of a multi-pulsed note showing upward modulation in the initial pulses. The second call type is usually emitted between advertisement call notes and consists of a modified version of the advertisement call with juxtaposition of the pulses that form the note in its structure. The advertisement call pulse rate, number of pulses and note duration best differentiate Scinax dolloi, S. hayii, and S. perereca. Despite some overlap in the spectral components (frequency range and dominant frequency), the three species present significantly different means.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"19 1","pages":"95 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover and Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.2994/sajh-19.1-00000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-19.1-00000.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"19 1","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover and Masthead","authors":"","doi":"10.2994/sajh-20.1-00000.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/sajh-20.1-00000.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"20 1","pages":"i - i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of the Reproductive Biology and Beeding Habits of Leptodeira annulata (Serpentes, Imantodini) in Eastern Amazonia","authors":"G. Maschio, Rossineide Martins da Rocha, M. C. Dos Santos-Costa, Lais de Nazaré Barros Barbosa, Klyssia Stéfanni Fonseca dos Santos, Ana Lúcia Costa Prudente","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00080.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00080.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We analyzed reproductive and feeding habits of Leptodeira annulata based on a sample of 136 specimens from eastern Amazonia and compared our data with information from the literature of other populations of L. annulata, as well as of Imantodes cenchoa. As a result, we detected sexual bimaturism, a continuous reproductive cycle, and no sexual dimorphism regarding snout–vent length. Anurans represent the predominant food item of L. annulata in the region, and these snakes do not exclude small prey from their diet, behaving as opportunistic feeders. Interspecific differences in relative fecundity between L. annulata and I. cenchoa may reflect body characteristics that would represent adaptations to the different reproductive strategies of the two species. Despite the conservative nature of some features of the life-cycle strategies of L. annulata, we demonstrate that reproductive strategies of the species may exhibit geographic variation based on the results of other studies approaching the same species in other areas of South America. Considering that larger conspecific females show higher fecundity, it is possible that natural selection favors sexual maturity of females to occur later.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"19 1","pages":"85 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44146883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lizard Oviparity at High Elevations?The Case of the Bolivian Endemic Liolaemus variegatus","authors":"O. Jiménez-Robles, A. B. Miranda-Calle, I. J. De la Riva","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00071.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00071.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Oviparity is the most widespread reproductive mode among reptiles. The South American genus Liolaemus contains both oviparous and viviparous species, the latter generally dominating at high latitudes and high elevations. We report for the first time evidence suggesting oviparity in Liolaemus variegatus, an Andean lizard endemic to Bolivia. We record its presence at elevations up to 4,200 m on the Cordillera de Tiraque, which is among the highest localities for oviparous lizards in the world. We characterize the content of oviductal and aborted eggs and the structure of the shell of aborted eggs. Eggshell is 66.7 µm thick and is composed of an outer calcareous layer, a thick fibrous mesh, and an inner boundary. The most abundant mineral crystals in the calcareous layer constitute a matrix of formless calcite depositions forming transversal grooves on the outer surface. In the bottom of those grooves are other pseudo-hexagonal prism crystals that could be aragonite and which contain some potassium. Computed tomographic reconstructions revealed a small region of higher density inside a flank of the yolk sac. Most of the oviductal and aborted eggs had non-distinguishable embryos even after opening them under an optic microscope, suggesting that the embryos were incipient. However, the oviductal eggs from two females were at embryonic stages 24–25. We document clutches of 4–8 eggs, which comprise up to 96% of female body mass without eggs. Future comparisons of egg morphology may shed some light on the physiological changes associated with the transition from oviparity to viviparity.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"19 1","pages":"76 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41600387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advertisement Call and Cytogenetics of Xenohyla eugenioi Caramaschi, 1998 (Amphibia; Anura; Hylidae), an Enigmatic Frog from Northeastern Brazil","authors":"Euvaldo Marciano, Giovanni Tanajura, M. Costa, V. Orrico, I. R. Dias","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00035.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00035.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We provide data on the advertisement call and karyotype of the enigmatic anuran Xenohyla eugenioi from the municipality of Ipirá, State of Bahia, Brazil. The advertisement call is formed by a single multi-pulsed note of 0.111 ± 0.015 s of duration and with dominant frequency of 1033.6–2873.6 Hz along two bands. The species presents 2n = 24 chromosomes and fundamental number = 48. DAPI staining revealed positive labeling on centromeric position in all chromosomes, while FISH using telomeric probe labeled all chromosomal ends. These data shed light on the evolutionary history of the genus and contribute to understanding evolutionary aspects of its sister genus Dendropsophus.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"20 1","pages":"17 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dining Intertidally: Diet, Energetics, and Osmotic Relations of Two Shoreline-Foraging Tropidurid Lizard Species","authors":"K. Nagy, C. Guerra-Correa, V. H. Shoemaker","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00098.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-19-00098.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Because marine environments present potentially stressful hyperosmotic and hypersaline situations for reptiles, those species that live in or near seawater are of special interest regarding their feeding and drinking behavior and their osmotic and ionic regulatory physiology. We determined diets, field metabolic rates (FMRs), rates of water influx and efflux, and aspects of osmoregulation in intertidally foraging populations of two congeneric species of tropidurid lizards: Microlophus albemarlensis in the Galápagos Islands and M. atacamensis in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Male M. albemarlensis ate only crabs, specializing on the legs of small Sally Lightfoot crabs, while the much smaller females favored insects but ate whole small crabs as well. In contrast, M. atacamensis males and (the also smaller) females both ate mainly seaweed, along with some crabs and insects. Adults of both species were maintaining constant body masses on these hyperosmotic diets, although subadult M. atacamensis lost mass during our study. FMRs of both species, which were hypothesized to be high due to presumed extra energy costs of osmoregulation, were actually comparatively low, averaging 65% (M. albemarlensis) and 78% (M. atacamensis) of expected FMRs for lizards of their body mass. However, water flux rates were typical of free-living reptiles, averaging 79 and 116%, respectively, of predicted rates. Osmotic concentrations in blood plasma and urine of M. albemarlensis were typical of lizards in general, but plasma of M. atacamensis was about 50% higher (498 ± 42 mOsm), perhaps reflecting an unavoidable consequence of, or even an adaptation to, their higher dietary osmolyte content (1,680 mOsm in “sap” of dietary seaweed). Other possible adaptations that facilitate exploitation of unusual diet items and ingestion of seawater are discussed. In particular, the roles of nasal salt glands and urinary precipitates in osmoregulation and ion homeostasis of both species are likely important but are currently unknown and should be studied.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"20 1","pages":"8 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42019861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological features of Telmatobius chusmisensis (Anura: Telmatobiidae), a poorly known species from northern Chile","authors":"G. Lobos, Nicolás Rebolledo, Hugo F Salinas, P. Fibla, Paola A. Sáez, M. Méndez","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00019.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Telmatobius chusmisensis was described from the Tarapacá Region, in the Puna of northern Chile. The lack of information on the species led to its classification as Data Deficient. There has been no information published on its biology or ecology since its original description in 2006. Here, we provide information on its habitat, density, diet, and threats. The habitat of the species is restricted to streams with low electrical conductivity. In our study site, the observed density suggests that T. chusmisensis has a small population, with diet mainly composed of microcrustaceans. Mining, agriculture, and natural disasters in the context of climate change are serious threats for this species.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45305180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic Relationships of the Peritoneal Canal of Testudines, Crocodylia, and Aves: Evolutionary Implications","authors":"G. L. Gonçalves, Douglas Sales Medina, Katerin Elena Bohorquez Grondona, A. L. Quagliatto Santos, G.A. Bohórquez Mahecha","doi":"10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00061.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00061.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Cloacae and peritoneal canals of species of Testudines, Crocodylia, and Aves were analyzed with the purpose of identifying and describing their morphology and investigating their possible relationship with other cloacal structures. Studies were conducted from dissections and routine histological preparations. The cloaca is located in the pelvic cavity and differs between Testudines and Crocodylia. In the former, the cloaca is divided into three compartments—the coprodeum, urodeum, and proctodeum—without folds separating them. In contrast, in Crocodylia the coprodeum, urodeum, and proctodeum are separated by discrete folds, the coprourodeal and uroproctodeal folds. The visceral layer of the peritoneum forms the peritoneal canal and also differs in Testudines and Crocodylia. In the former, the cranial opening of the peritoneal canal is lateral to the urogenital sinus and the canal is caudally projected into the phallus, laterally followed by the ejaculatory groove until the caudal end of the organ. In Crocodylia, the cranial opening of the peritoneal canal is lateral to the coprodeum and the canal extends caudally until reaching a papilla in the body of the phallus, where it terminates. Histologically, the mesothelium of the peritoneal canal has a simple pavement appearance. In Testudines, regions with a simple cubic epithelium were found, indicating intense cell activity. The lamina propria is characterized by a thickening of the connective tissue, moderately dense with a variable thickness and with a layer of bundles of smooth muscle arranged in different directions. In Caiman yacare, bundles of striated skeletal muscles were found on the loose connective tissue that involves the peritoneal canal. The cloacal and peritoneal fluids have a strong protein similarity. The peritoneal canal reflects functional characteristics related to reproduction. No peritoneal canals were found in birds.","PeriodicalId":48691,"journal":{"name":"South American Journal of Herpetology","volume":"19 1","pages":"54 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46116510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}