Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Graduate University Students: Role of Gender","authors":"Ayesha Bano","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2024.v04i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2024.v04i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study intended to explore the disparity in male and female approach to recognize perceived stress and coping strategies among first year university students. The data was collected from N=425 students (Male n= 301 & Female n= 124) aged between 20-23 years. All students belonged to a public sector university situated in the city of DERA GHAZI KHAN, Pakistan. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. The data was collected through Perceived Stress Scale and Coping Resource Inventory. The findings showed that there were variations in the perceived stress and coping styles of males and females. Female graduate students reported high perceived stress as compared to male students and male students often used problem focused coping strategies whereas the female students on the contrary used more emotional focused coping strategies. Results pertaining to effect of perceived stress on the use of coping strategies declared that the effect of stress on coping strategies is different among male and female first year university students. The results of the study highlight the importance of providing trainings to first year graduate students on using effective coping strategies to deal with their high level of perceived stress.","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"22 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141004973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Intensive Mothering, Social Comparison Orientation, and Psychological Well-Being among Working Mothers","authors":"Ayesha Tariq, Sadia Ahmad","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The review sought to explore the relationship between Intensive Mothering, Social Comparison Orientation, and psychological well-being among working mothers. For directing the review, a purposive examining method was utilized. Sample of 238 working moms (n = 115 old moms; n = 123 new moms), going from 23 to 50 years, partaken in this research from different areas of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSCS; Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM; Gibbons & Buunk, 1999), and Psychological Well-being Scale (PWS; Ryff & Keyes, 1995) were utilized for the evaluation of intensive mothering, social comparison orientation, and psychological well-being separately. The result of the present study indicated a significant negative relation between intensive mothering and psychological well-being, and between social comparison orientation and psychological well-being. Intensive mothering and social comparison orientation significantly and positively predicted psychological well-being. The current study reveals that social comparison is a strong mediator in relation between intensive mothering and psychological well-being. Concerning demographic factors, new moms were found to score higher on social comparison orientation, intensive mothering and psychological well-being than old moms. Age of mothers was also found to be significantly associated with intensive mothering, social comparison, and psychological well-being. The findings of the present study suggest that the effects of engaging in social comparisons is significant in mother’s populations, most mothers may be unaware that this behavior may be associated with negative outcomes so parents might benefit from being aware of the potential negative consequences this behavior can have on their perceived parental competence and mental health.","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigate the Effect of Poverty on Food Security through Education in Developing Countries: A Case of Pakistan","authors":"Zaib un Nisa","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.003","url":null,"abstract":"The current research study finds the relationship among food security, poverty status and education in Pakistan and also found the education in the mediating role to mitigate the effect of poverty on food security. The research study also analyzes the impact of livestock, foreign remittances, age of respondent and female head of household on food security. PSLM (Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement) survey data of 2019-20 is used for empirical estimation of the current study. Using PSLM has certain benefits, PSLM survey is conducted by a team of experts and the survey covers all the regions of Pakistan, it also covers almost all indicators relating to food security, education and poverty etc. Research study finds that livestock, education, foreign remittances and house head female have a significant positive impact on food security and poverty has a significant negative impact on food security. Poor people facing threat toward food security in Pakistan. On the same time the people who are poor but have education are able to mitigate the effect of poverty on the food security in urban and rural areas. The research study also finds that there are wide gaps among urban and rural areas of Pakistan, level of education in Pakistan. The research study also presents policy recommendations that help’s government for better management of resources and to reduce poverty","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Perceived Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction and Self Efficacy among School Teachers","authors":"Ayesha Humaira, Sara Mahmood","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.002","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to explore the impact of perceived leadership style on job satisfaction and self efficacy among school teacher for the accomplish of the task a sample consisted of N = (350) was ranging from 25 – 35 years was selected through convenient sampling technique instrument used leadership style rater form Bruce Avolio and Bass 1995. Teacher Job-Satisfaction Laster 1984. Bandura Self-efficacy (2006) statistical analysis was done through statistical analysis SPSS in which mainly T-TEST and descriptive statistics were use the result also indicate Impact of perceived leadership style will correlate positively with the level of job satisfaction and self- efficacy among school teachers. The teacher job satisfaction and self- efficacy both were significant, but level of self -efficacy is high and job satisfaction is low. The finding also explored that Higher the scores achieved on multifactor leadership questionnaire rater form greater will be the levels of job satisfaction and self-efficacy among school teachers Female teachers have higher self-efficacy and higher job satisfaction better than male. There will be prominent impact of demographic variables such as age, gender, income level job experience and qualification upon job satisfaction and self-efficacy among school teachers. In this research gender and Qualification score is high Female teachers have higher self-efficacy and higher job satisfaction better than male. M.phil.","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135363628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The German Poet Stefan George and Pre-National Socialism in Germany","authors":"Martin Arndt","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences; -. DOI: Abstract|Download PDF As a comprehensive account of the European and American reception of George’s works and those of the appr. 40 members of his circle is - after the translation of all his poems in 1949 The Works of Stefan George by Olga Marx and Ernst Morwitz - yet to be written, the following article is an attempt to introduce George and his followers to the English-speaking world. It focuses on some exemplary, representative persons from a cultural and political point of view. As the male-bonded circle was conceived and perceived by George and his disciples as an aesthetic state within the state and as a quasi-religious sect, born of the opposition to trends of current society around the turn of the 19th/20th century, its antiestablishmentarian view had a politically significant influence on pre-Nazi world, reaching its zenith during the Weimar Republic, but even longer up to the recent past of Germany [ ]. George’s reaction to Hitler’s ascension to power has given rise to various and contradictory interpretations, and the question if his poetry was politically guilty or if is pure and timeless, decadent favouring ‘l’art pour l’art, has not yet been conclusively interpreted. As the circle was not a monolithic group, its influence was highly ambivalent. In 1924 the call was made that there is a demand for a strong man, feeling tired and making do with sergeants instead of leaders (“Heute, da das Bedürfnis nach einem starken Mann laut wird…, da man der Mäkler und Schwätzer müd sich mit Feldwebeln begnügt statt der Führer”) - the 1st sentence in Friedrich Gundolf’s book on the Roman statesman and general Julius Caesar, the most heroic man, as Gundolf said: The book appeared in the year when Adolf Hitler was tried for his Beer Hall Putsch. What does the call for seriousness, dignity and awe (“für ernst, würde und ehrfurcht” [ ]) and the fight against shallowness (“oberflächen-tendenzen”) voiced by Friedrich Wolters and Friedrich Gundolf, the most widely read scholar of German philology at the time, in 1910 mean? For Gundolf as for others George was the mixture of strong will and sensitivity, of hard deed and tender dream (“unerbitterlicher Wille und regsame Zartheit”, “harte Tat und zarten Traum”), and the transformative power of poetry to purify the German soul and to create new beings (“menschenbildende Weltkraft”/man-creating worldpower), thus becoming like Goethe before a shaper of Germans (“Gestalter der Deutschen”). Some of George’s disciples hoped that the Third Reich was or would become the realization of George’s “Neues Reich,” joined the National-Socialist Party or sympathized with the Nazi movement, some only initially, whereas others opposed the regime, and went into exile (e. g. Karl Wolfskehl (b. 1869, Darmstadt, Germany – d. 1948, Auckland, New Zealand) or saw themselves as part of the innere Emigration (Rieckmann). The concept of a secret Germany (“gehei","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinant of Women Empowerment in Southern Punjab (Pakistan): An Empirical Study","authors":"Zaib-un- nisa","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Women's empowerment is the most debated topic in world literature today. It is one of the Millennium Development Goals in relation to microfinance programmes; a latest issue in the microcredit literature. Not only was Grameen Bank founder Dr. Younus awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize in Bangladesh's micro-credit program, but it has also been a hot topic for researchers since its introduction in the mid-1990s to 1970s. This study considers women's empowerment empirically, as it is very difficult to measure this qualitative term. An attempt has been made to develop an Empowerment Index that has three important dimensions. Regression analysis is used to compare women's empowerment between microcredit borrowers and non-borrowers. The results obtained show that borrowed women obtained higher points in the Empowerment Index. Women's education and household education, community norms, and the impact of the media have also been observed to be significant factors in women's empowerment.","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Review on Gender Based Violence in Nigeria: Media Dimension","authors":"Ojemeiri Karl Airaoje, Aruaye Afeye Obada, Aondover Eric Msughter","doi":"10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjhss.2023.v03i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"During the Covid-19 pandemic, women and girls around the world have been subjected to sexual and physical violence, which has never happened before. Women are killed in the name of honor in Asia and the Middle East, while girls in West Africa are subjected to genital mutilation in the name of tradition. Because the perpetrators believe that sex with virgins will cure them of their disease, young girls in Southern Africa are raped and infected with HIV/AIDS. According to the findings, the majority of Nigerian women have been victims of gender-based violence, such as incest, rape, physical abuse, verbal abuse, denial of food, forced marriage, and early child marriage. The findings of the study also revealed that age, employment, educational attainment, witnessing a mother being beaten as a child, family type, duration of union, participation in household decision-making, employment status relative to woman, differences in educational qualification between a male partner and woman, attitudes toward wife-beating among men and women, and male right to discipline or control females are all factors that contribute to gender-based violence. Sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, physical injuries, immediate psychological reactions such as shock, shame, guilt, and anger; and long-term psychological outcomes such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, lack of sexual pleasure, and fears are all health consequences of gender-based violence. The study concludes that gender-based violence has a negative impact not only on women and their reproductive health but also on Nigeria's economy and progress.","PeriodicalId":486831,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135991888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}