Humanities & social sciences reviews最新文献

筛选

英文中文

The determinants of thatchers economic policy 撒切尔经济政策的决定因素

Humanities & social sciences reviews Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.18510/hssr.2023.1153

Beata Rogowska

{"title":"The determinants of thatchers economic policy","authors":"Beata Rogowska","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2023.1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2023.1153","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective: The purpose of the article, is to determine what economic policy instruments M. Thatcher used in her economic activities, and indication which of the analyzed institutions in the light of New Institutional Economic theory (North, 2019) are factors of public acceptance of Thatcher's liberal - conservative reforms in United Kingdom and contributed to the re - election of her cabinet in 1983 and 1987. Methodology: To expose the impact of specific national formal institutions of a historical nature (not created by M. Thatcher's policies), and informal institutions, including the isolation of endogenous and exogenous factors determining the success of M. Thatcher, analysis of data from sources such as: IPSOS Political Monitor, IPSOSS MORI, Index of Economic Freedom, the Leadership capital index was used. In addition, key literature on the subject, as well as commentaries by experts on the life and work of M. Thatcher, were used for this discussion. Main conclusions: It is worth noting that elections in the UK are generally endogenous (Dubois, 2016). During the period of Thatcher's re - election, the institutional imbalance was compensated by the specificity of the British political system. Thatcher's performance was determined by the temporal matching of formal and informal institutions. Application of the study:. The article is intended for students of economics and all for whom the style of doing economic policy is important and its limitations. Originality/Novelty of the study: The novelty of the study is a look at Thatcher's policy from the perspective of NIE. Therefore, it can be the basis for contemporary analyzes of the conduct of economic policy by R. Sunak's Conservative Party.","PeriodicalId":486654,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & social sciences reviews","volume":"70 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic production - A strategic decision determining the agricultural income of small farms in Poland 有机生产-一项决定波兰小农场农业收入的战略决策

Humanities & social sciences reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.18510/hssr.2023.1152

Paweł Siemaszkiewicz

{"title":"Organic production - A strategic decision determining the agricultural income of small farms in Poland","authors":"Paweł Siemaszkiewicz","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2023.1152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2023.1152","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective: The main objective of the work was to determine the change in agricultural income after the implementation of organic production by small farms and to indicate the impact of organic production on the development of the farm, e.g. in the investment area. Methodology: The study covered a group of 132 small farms engaged in organic production. The primary material was obtained using the survey method using a questionnaire. The study covered farms whose area did not exceed 10 hectares, where organic production was carried out and operated on the territory of the Republic of Poland. Main conclusions: the implementation of organic production positively affects the agricultural income obtained by a small farm. It causes its growth and also favors making investments by the entity. Agricultural income is one of the basic factors motivating investment in farms. It guarantees a sense of economic security for the farmer and his family and affects the development of the farm. Application of the study: The findings of this study can be instrumental for policymakers, agricultural organizations, and farmers in the Republic of Poland. By understanding the positive economic implications of organic production for small farms, stakeholders can make informed decisions about promoting and adopting organic farming practices. Additionally, financial institutions might consider these findings when offering financial products or incentives tailored for organic farmers.  Originality/Novelty of the study: This research stands out as one of the few comprehensive studies focusing on the economic implications of organic production specifically for small farms in the Republic of Poland. While there have been studies on organic farming, the emphasis on small farms, which often face distinct challenges and opportunities, brings a fresh perspective to the discourse.","PeriodicalId":486654,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & social sciences reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A range of legal obligation for operators of Artificial Intelligence Systems in the context of Criminal Law 刑法背景下人工智能系统操作者的一系列法律义务

Humanities & social sciences reviews Pub Date : 2023-09-10 DOI: 10.18510/hssr.2023.1151

Julita Skowrońska

{"title":"A range of legal obligation for operators of Artificial Intelligence Systems in the context of Criminal Law","authors":"Julita Skowrońska","doi":"10.18510/hssr.2023.1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2023.1151","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study: This article aims to investigate and define the legal obligations of artificial intelligence (AI) system operators in the context of existing criminal law. The task is to identify key provisions, analyze issues of legal liability, and the interaction between AI ethics and criminal law. The article also aims to assess the implications of using AI in criminal law and propose possible improvements to current regulations. Methodology: The article is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining law, computer science, and ethics. The methodology includes a literature review concerning the legal obligations of AI operators and a legal analysis of key provisions. Main findings: The deliberations reveal that the responsibility of AI system operators in criminal law focuses primarily on the legal, technological, and ethical analysis of issues related to the operation of AI. These aspects can occur in various areas such as the design, implementation, control, and use of AI systems, where operators make key decisions.  Application of the study: The presented article refers to the responsibility of AI system operators in the context of criminal law. This has significant implications for scientific disciplines such as law, AI ethics, cybersecurity, and computer science. The study of criminal law applied to AI is extremely important as it highlights potential gaps in current legal frameworks that can lead to accountability issues in case of damage or error caused by an AI system.  Originality/Novelty of the study: The issue of AI operators' responsibility in criminal law is a relatively new area of research, especially in Poland. The complexity and dynamism of AI technology development create numerous interpretive challenges that deserve further analysis.","PeriodicalId":486654,"journal":{"name":"Humanities & social sciences reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136073093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0