Journal of Experimental Psychopathology最新文献_第6页

The interplay among paranoia, social relationships and negative affectivity in a heterogeneous clinical sample: A network analysis 异质临床样本中偏执狂、社会关系和负性情感的相互作用:网络分析

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211067626

J. Januška, A. Straková, D. Dančík, J. Pečeňák, A. Heretik, M. Hajdúk

{"title":"The interplay among paranoia, social relationships and negative affectivity in a heterogeneous clinical sample: A network analysis","authors":"J. Januška, A. Straková, D. Dančík, J. Pečeňák, A. Heretik, M. Hajdúk","doi":"10.1177/20438087211067626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211067626","url":null,"abstract":"Previous evidence suggests paranoia affects people’s functioning in interpersonal relationships. However, less is known about the interconnections among specific aspects of paranoia and domains of social relationships. The goal of the current study was to explore the interplay among different aspects of paranoia, social relationships and negative affectivity (depression, anxiety and social anxiety) in a diverse clinical sample using network analysis. A sample of 366 participants (84.4% female) with a history of mental illness was recruited online. The mean age was 35.31 years. Data were modelled using the Gaussian Graphical Model with regularization. The network included the following scales: R-GPTS, SAD-D, National Institute of Health Toolbox Adult Social Relationship scales, PHQ-9 and GAD-7. The results revealed substantial connections between aspects of paranoia (ideas of reference and ideas of persecution) and both perceived hostility and perceived rejection. Furthermore, significant associations of ideas of reference with social anxiety and loneliness with depression were observed. Perceived rejection and loneliness were the most central nodes in the estimated network. The current study provides robust evidence for the interconnections of paranoia, social relationships and negative affectivity, present across different diagnoses. This further supports the transdiagnostic approach to paranoia research and the related important role of social relationships.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43794862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Making the leap: From experimental psychopathology to clinical trials 飞跃:从实验精神病理学到临床试验

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221080075

S. Blackwell, M. Woud

{"title":"Making the leap: From experimental psychopathology to clinical trials","authors":"S. Blackwell, M. Woud","doi":"10.1177/20438087221080075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221080075","url":null,"abstract":"One important aim of experimental psychopathology research is to inform development of new interventions derived from basic science. However, testing whether a newly developed intervention is in fact effective requires moving from experimental studies to clinical trials, and this transition can pose many problems. These problems stem not only from the inherent complexity of even the simplest clinical trial but also from differences between experimental psychopathology and clinical trial research that may not always be obvious to researchers immersed in only one of these specialist areas. In this paper, we explore some of these complexities and discuss when a clinical trial may, or may not, be the best next step in the translational process. We then consider some of the ins and outs of clinical trials methodology, from design and planning through to reporting, with the aim of providing a guide for experimental psychopathology researchers thinking of making the leap from their experimental studies of mechanisms to clinical trials of novel interventions. We hope that this can help increase the chance of successful clinical translation and novel treatment development from basic science.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms in childhood obsessive compulsive disorders: A systematic review 儿童强迫症的认知、行为和家庭维持机制：一项系统综述

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211036581

C. Chessell, Brynjar Halldorsson, K. Harvey, Carolina Guzman-Holst, C. Creswell

{"title":"Cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms in childhood obsessive compulsive disorders: A systematic review","authors":"C. Chessell, Brynjar Halldorsson, K. Harvey, Carolina Guzman-Holst, C. Creswell","doi":"10.1177/20438087211036581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211036581","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is typically derived from adult cognitive behavioural models of OCD; however, it is unknown whether these adult models apply to preadolescent children. This systematic review examined whether 11 cognitive, behavioural and familial maintenance mechanisms identified from adult cognitive behavioural models of OCD and descriptions of how family factors may maintain OCD applied to preadolescent children with obsessive compulsive symptoms/disorder (OCS/OCD; Prospero:CRD42019153371). PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection were searched in March 2019, with forward citation handsearching conducted in March/April 2020. Twenty-nine studies were synthesised. Studies were identified for only six of the 11 proposed maintenance factors. Of the cognitive and behavioural factors, only inflated responsibility and meta-cognitive beliefs showed evidence of independent and/or specific associations with childhood OCS. Of the family factors, only less frequent displays of parental confidence, positive problem solving and rewarding of children’s independence showed some evidence of specificity to childhood OCD. Notably, findings across studies were inconsistent and existing studies have considerable methodological limitations. Experimental and prospective longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the proposed factors maintain childhood OCS/OCD, to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of CBT for preadolescent children with OCD.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43004672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Addicted to Self-esteem: Understanding the neurochemistry of narcissism by using cocaine as a pharmacological model 自尊成瘾：以可卡因为药理学模型理解自恋的神经化学

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211044362

Alina Kastner-Bosek, I. Dajić, N. Mikus, A. Weidenauer, M. Willeit

{"title":"Addicted to Self-esteem: Understanding the neurochemistry of narcissism by using cocaine as a pharmacological model","authors":"Alina Kastner-Bosek, I. Dajić, N. Mikus, A. Weidenauer, M. Willeit","doi":"10.1177/20438087211044362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211044362","url":null,"abstract":"There are pronounced behavioural and neuroimaging parallels between cocaine abuse and narcissism. Although the observed commonalities are not specific to cocaine as opposed to other types of addiction, we argue that the relatively constrained molecular actions of cocaine and, more importantly, the covariance of narcissism-like behaviours with cocaine use build a strong case for taking the known effects of cocaine as a starting point for addressing the hitherto underinvestigated neurophysiology of narcissism. In this review, we discuss the potential relevance of cocaine abuse as a pharmacological model of narcissism. We outline previous research on the role of monoamines across several domains affected in narcissistic personality disorder and subclinical narcissism, namely, selected personality traits, social behaviour, emotional empathy and self-referential processing. We propose that dysregulation in dopamine signalling might underlie addiction-like features of narcissism and that altered serotonergic signalling may account for affective components of narcissism and, in particular, explain the differences between grandiose and vulnerable subtypes. In conclusion, we provide recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of cognitive and affective flexibility in individual differences in the experience of experimentally induced heat pain 认知和情感灵活性在实验性热痛体验个体差异中的作用

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211018447

A. Meesters, L. Vancleef, M. Peters

{"title":"The role of cognitive and affective flexibility in individual differences in the experience of experimentally induced heat pain","authors":"A. Meesters, L. Vancleef, M. Peters","doi":"10.1177/20438087211018447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211018447","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptation to the context in which we experience pain requires cognitive flexibility (CF) and affective flexibility (AF). Deficits in both flexibility types may be precursors of more intense and prolonged pain. This study aimed to examine the relation between CF and AF, and the experience of experimentally induced pain. Furthermore, correlations between behavioral and self-report measures of flexibility were explored. CF and AF were assessed with task-switching paradigms, using neutral (numbers ranging from 1 to 9, excluding 5) or affective stimuli (positive and negative pictures), respectively. Pain sensitivity measures, such as pain threshold (°C), pain tolerance (°C), and retrospective pain experience ratings (Visual Analog Scale) were assessed for an experimentally induced heat pain stimulus. Self-reported CF was measured with a questionnaire. Results demonstrated no associations between the flexibility constructs and any of the pain outcome measures. Correlations between the behavioral and self-report measures of CF were absent or weak at best. Current results are discussed against the background of methodological considerations and prior empirical research findings, suggesting the contribution of AF in especially the recovery from pain.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20438087211018447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48824158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rumination as a mechanism of the association between interpretation bias and depression symptoms: A longitudinal investigation 反刍是解释偏差与抑郁症状之间的关联机制:一项纵向调查

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211015233

Blair E. Wisco, D. Harp

{"title":"Rumination as a mechanism of the association between interpretation bias and depression symptoms: A longitudinal investigation","authors":"Blair E. Wisco, D. Harp","doi":"10.1177/20438087211015233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211015233","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a common problem with debilitating effects. Both negative interpretation biases and rumination are related to depression, but how these factors interact to produce depression is unclear. Prior cross-sectional research indicates that negative interpretation biases have an indirect effect on depression symptoms through rumination, but to date, no longitudinal studies have examined this indirect effect, and prior studies have not differentiated between rumination subtypes. To examine these questions, data were collected online at three time points from undergraduates. Simple mediational models examined whether negative interpretation bias had an indirect effect on depression symptoms through rumination and rumination subtypes (brooding and reflection), and reverse models examined direction of effects. Cross-sectional analysis supported prior findings that interpretation bias had an indirect effect on depression symptoms through rumination, β = −.19, 95%CI [−.23, −.14], through both brooding, β = −.14, 95%CI [−.18, −.10], and reflection subtypes, β = −.09, 95%CI [−.12, −.05]. However, longitudinal analyses found no indirect effects of interpretation bias on depression symptoms through rumination, β = −.02, 95%CI [−.07, .02]; brooding: β = −.02, 95%CI [−.06, .01], reflection: β = .01, 95%CI [−.02, .04]. These longitudinal results contradict findings that cognitive biases lead to depression symptoms through rumination. The complex interplay between cognitive biases, rumination, and depression remains an important direction for future research.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20438087211015233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44729133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A preliminary comparison of fundamental fears related to anxiety 与焦虑相关的基本恐惧的初步比较

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211007601

I. Papenfuss, B. Ostafin

{"title":"A preliminary comparison of fundamental fears related to anxiety","authors":"I. Papenfuss, B. Ostafin","doi":"10.1177/20438087211007601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211007601","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest to uncover lower order processes that underlie anxiety disorders, researchers have proposed a number of fundamental fears, which are thought to represent fears of inherently aversive stimuli that can explain a number of higher order constructs such as more specific fears. In a recent theoretical article, Carleton narrowed the list of potential fundamental fears down to three candidates: fear of death, fear of pain, and fear of the unknown. Carleton proposes that fear of the unknown represents the primary fundamental fear, suggesting that unlike the other two, fear of the unknown is inherently aversive and logically irreducible. The present study represents an initial empirical investigation of this hypothesis. In a cross-sectional study (N = 373), fear of death, fear of pain, and fear of the unknown were assessed as simultaneous predictors of anxiety. Results showed that fear of the unknown was indeed the strongest unique predictor, while fear of pain also uniquely predicted anxiety, although to a lesser extent. While the results suggest that fear of the unknown may indeed be the most fundamental fear, the need for conceptual clarification and empirical work using diverse measures is discussed.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20438087211007601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46137825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Assessing distress tolerance using a modified version of the Emotional Image Tolerance task 使用情绪图像容忍任务的修改版本评估痛苦容忍度

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211007597

Ashley Slabbert, P. Hasking, L. Notebaert, M. Boyes

引用次数: 0

Can you believe it? Examining the influence of safety behavior beliefs on speech task outcomes 你能相信吗?研究安全行为信念对言语任务结果的影响

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211012161

Jessica S. Tutino, Allison J. Ouimet

{"title":"Can you believe it? Examining the influence of safety behavior beliefs on speech task outcomes","authors":"Jessica S. Tutino, Allison J. Ouimet","doi":"10.1177/20438087211012161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211012161","url":null,"abstract":"Beliefs and expectations about treatment have been shown to significantly impact treatment outcomes in medical settings. However, researchers have seldom examined the role of beliefs within the context of cognitive behavioral therapy. Beliefs may be particularly salient for safety behavior (SB) use in exposure therapy, as clinicians often hold opinions about whether judicious SB use facilitates or inhibits treatment. These beliefs may consequently be relayed during psychoeducation, influencing client expectations of SB helpfulness and exposure efficacy. We investigated experimentally the influence of SB beliefs on working memory, speech predictions, speech duration, anxiety, performance, and speech acceptability. Speech anxious undergraduate participants (N = 144) received psychoeducation on exposure and were told (using random assignment) either that SBs: increase anxiety (unhelpful), decrease anxiety (helpful), or were provided with no information on SBs (control). People in the helpful condition only believed the exposure would be more successful. Crucially, exposure expectancy mediated the relationship between the helpful (but not unhelpful) condition and willingness to engage in future exposures. There were no effects of condition on most cognitive, emotional, or behavioral outcomes, suggesting that SBs (and SB beliefs) may have less impact on exposure outcomes than is currently believed.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20438087211012161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66155895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship of insight with psychopathological dimensions in patients with schizophrenia 精神分裂症患者洞察力与精神病理维度的关系

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087211019932

Si-Sheng Huang, Cheng-Chen Chang

{"title":"The relationship of insight with psychopathological dimensions in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"Si-Sheng Huang, Cheng-Chen Chang","doi":"10.1177/20438087211019932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087211019932","url":null,"abstract":"Impaired insight in patients with schizophrenia results in less satisfactory clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between insight and individual psychopathological dimensions in inpatients with schizophrenia using a self-report questionnaire. In this study, 90 patients with schizophrenia aged 18–75 years admitted in the acute psychiatric ward of a medical center in Taiwan were enrolled. Patient insight was measured using the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ), and psychopathological dimensions were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and its five-factor structure model. A higher SAIQ score indicates greater insight. In bivariate correlation analyses, statistically significant correlations were observed between age, single marital status, educational level, and positive, excited, and depressed symptom factor of the PANSS and SAIQ score. In regression analyses, age and excited and depressed symptom factors were significantly associated with SAIQ score. No significant association was observed between insight and neurocognitive functions. Considering demographic characteristics, psychopathology, and neurocognition, in the acute phase of schizophrenia, younger patients with less severe excited symptoms and more severe depressive symptoms had greater insight.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20438087211019932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0