Journal of Experimental Psychopathology最新文献_第4页

Inhibitory Learning versus Habituation in an Experimental Exposure Intervention for People With Heightened Health Anxiety: Increase of Distress Tolerance as a Joint Mechanism of Change? 抑制学习与习惯化在高健康焦虑人群的实验性暴露干预中的作用:痛苦耐受性的增加是变化的联合机制?

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221138716

K. S. Sauer, M. Witthöft

{"title":"Inhibitory Learning versus Habituation in an Experimental Exposure Intervention for People With Heightened Health Anxiety: Increase of Distress Tolerance as a Joint Mechanism of Change?","authors":"K. S. Sauer, M. Witthöft","doi":"10.1177/20438087221138716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221138716","url":null,"abstract":"The Inhibitory Learning Theory (ILT; Craske et al., 2008) changed the focus of exposure-based treatment from erasing excitatory associations and fear reduction (habituation (HA)) to reinforcing inhibitory associations and fear toleration (inhibitory learning (IL)). Studies which directly compare both approaches, IL versus HA, are scarce. The present study aimed at implementing and comparing an IL-based (n = 26; Age: M = 23.59, SD = 4.38) with a HA-based (n = 28; Age: M = 25.46, SD = 6.22) experimental exposure approach (including in vivo, interoceptive, and in sensu exposure) in a sample of people with heightened health anxiety. A significant pre- to post-intervention reduction of state health anxiety (p < .001), which was especially associated with an increase of distress tolerance (DT) pre- to post-exposure (F (1, 50) = 12.2, p < .001, ηp2 = .20), was observed. A superiority of the IL-based over the HA-based exposure intervention was not detected in relation to major outcomes (e.g., state health anxiety), as well as in relation to a change of DT. The present study underlines the importance of strengthening DT (for heightened health anxiety) during an exposure-based intervention.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Anxiety, fear extinction, and threat-related amygdala reactivity in children exposed to urban trauma 城市创伤儿童的焦虑、恐惧消退和威胁相关的杏仁核反应

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221132501

J. M. France, M. Reda, H. Marusak, Manessa Riser, C. Wiltshire, W. Davie, L. Grasser, C. Wanna, A. Stenson, T. Ely, S. Norrholm, Jennifer S Stevens, T. Jovanović

{"title":"Anxiety, fear extinction, and threat-related amygdala reactivity in children exposed to urban trauma","authors":"J. M. France, M. Reda, H. Marusak, Manessa Riser, C. Wiltshire, W. Davie, L. Grasser, C. Wanna, A. Stenson, T. Ely, S. Norrholm, Jennifer S Stevens, T. Jovanović","doi":"10.1177/20438087221132501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221132501","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Childhood trauma is strongly associated with fear-related psychopathology, like anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Atypical fear extinction and neural responses to social threat (i.e., negative emotional faces) may serve as intermediate phenotypes preceding the emergence of fear-related psychopathology during childhood and adolescence. However, few studies have examined associations among these phenotypes in trauma-exposed youth. Methods 29 9-year-old children with high rates of trauma exposure (Mdn = 4, min = 0, max= 14 total events) completed a fear-potentiated startle paradigm assessing fear conditioning and extinction and an emotional faces functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task assessing neural responses to fearful and neutral faces. Results Overall amygdala response was positively associated with anxiety (peak coordinates: x = −30, y = −6, z = −24; Z = 3.54; pFWEcorrected = 0.011; k = 24 voxels) and fear-potentiated startle during early extinction (peak coordinates x = 28, y = −6, z = −18; Z = 3.50; pFWEcorrected = 0.012; k = 19 voxels). Across the session, amygdala reactivity to fearful faces increased (F(1, 29) = 4.427, p = .044) and was positively associated with fear-potentiated startle during early extinction (r = .56, p = .002). Conclusions We found a positive association between increasing amygdala response to threatening faces and fear load, that is, heightened fear-potentiated startle during early extinction, in trauma-exposed children. These fear-based intermediate phenotypes may share underlying amygdala circuits, such that hyperactivity may represent an early marker of anxiety risk in trauma-exposed youth.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49095959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Latent profile analysis of schizotypy, autistic traits and conspiracy theory beliefs: Associations with cognitive flexibility and scientific reasoning performance 精神分裂型、自闭症特征和阴谋论信仰的潜在特征分析:与认知灵活性和科学推理表现的关系

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221125046

Neophytos Georgiou, P. Delfabbro, R. Balzan

{"title":"Latent profile analysis of schizotypy, autistic traits and conspiracy theory beliefs: Associations with cognitive flexibility and scientific reasoning performance","authors":"Neophytos Georgiou, P. Delfabbro, R. Balzan","doi":"10.1177/20438087221125046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221125046","url":null,"abstract":"Schizotypal and autistic traits have both been implicated in the development of conspiracy theory (CT) beliefs. However, there are both similarities and differences between these traits that may increase an individual’s susceptibility to CT beliefs. Past research has often taken a variable-centred approach which assumes that the relationships among distinct variables (i.e. schizotypy, autistic traits) are homogenous. Given these circumstances, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to assess the extent to which within-individual variation in schizotypal, autistic traits and associated socio-cognitive tendencies are associated with CT beliefs, cognitive flexibility, and scientific reasoning performance. In a sample of 565 adults, five distinct classes were identified. Those with the lowest clinical scores (Class 1) had the highest scientific reasoning and lowest level of CT beliefs, whilst those with the highest clinical scores (Class 4 and 5), had the lowest scientific reasoning and highest CT belief scores. Further analysis revealed some evidence for mixed groups (e.g. Class 4) in which higher analytical reasoning scores co-occurred with higher CT beliefs, but lower scientific reasoning scores. The results did not provide evidence that higher autistic traits independently predicted CT beliefs, but the results support the view that scientific reasoning appears to better differentiate variation in CT beliefs across groups than differences in analytical reasoning.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intolerance of uncertainty predicts altered threat expectancy ratings during reinstatement 对不确定性的不容忍预测恢复期间威胁预期评级的变化

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221112330

D. Zuj, S. Dymond, Stuart B. Murray, Shaima Thomas, Jayne Morriss

{"title":"Intolerance of uncertainty predicts altered threat expectancy ratings during reinstatement","authors":"D. Zuj, S. Dymond, Stuart B. Murray, Shaima Thomas, Jayne Morriss","doi":"10.1177/20438087221112330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221112330","url":null,"abstract":"Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychiatric disorders, and plays an important role in fear and threat learning under uncertainty. The ‘reinstatement of fear/threat’ is an understudied phenomenon thought to represent clinical symptom relapse. Reinstatement of conditioned responding can be captured in the laboratory by presenting unsignaled presentations of an aversive unconditional stimulus. The present study investigated IU as a predictor of reinstatement effects, such that individuals higher in IU, relative to lower IU, would show larger reinstatement. Sixty-two participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and provided threat expectancy ratings (i.e. certainty of receiving a shock) during a differential threat conditioning and extinction paradigm with reinstatement. Findings suggested a differential increase in threat expectancy ratings to both the threat and safety cue following reinstatement, although this effect was small and did not survive follow-up tests. Nevertheless, IU was a significant predictor of reinstatement to the threat cue but not the safety cue, although this effect was not in the expected direction. Specifically, higher IU was associated with reduced threat expectancy ratings post-reinstatement. These findings provide support for the limited literature demonstrating an important role for IU in reinstatement effects and should be investigated further.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41659174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The world dangerous it is—The scrambled sentences task in the context of posttraumatic stress symptoms 这个世界很危险——在创伤后应激症状的背景下，混乱的句子任务

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221124737

Felix Würtz, S. Blackwell, J. Margraf, M. Woud

{"title":"The world dangerous it is—The scrambled sentences task in the context of posttraumatic stress symptoms","authors":"Felix Würtz, S. Blackwell, J. Margraf, M. Woud","doi":"10.1177/20438087221124737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221124737","url":null,"abstract":"The Scrambled Sentences Task (SST) is a robust measure of interpretational processes in psychopathology. However, there is little evidence of its utility in measuring dysfunctional appraisals (DAs) of potentially traumatic events. We developed a novel SST for trauma-related DAs and examined its psychometric properties including convergent validity (correlations with PTSD-related symptoms and self-reported DAs), divergent validity (e.g., symptoms of depression and eating disorders), and retest reliability via an online study. Our sample (T1: N = 214, T2: N = 145) included participants who reported a potentially traumatic life event still eliciting distress. We found high correlations between the SST, PTSD-related symptoms (r = .37-.51), and self-report measures of DAs (r = .41-.58), indicating good convergent validity. Internal consistency (split-half = .78-.90) and retest reliability (ICC(3,1) = .73-.81) were also good. However, moderate to large correlations with symptoms of other disorders (r = .17-.58) indicated limited divergent validity. Finally, the SST explained unique variance in PTSD-related symptoms above self-report measures of DAs. The results demonstrate the promise of the SST as a valid and reliable tool to assess DAs in the context of potentially traumatic life events. Further research should investigate the transdiagnostic role of trauma-related DAs in psychopathology and the relationship between the SST and self-report measures of DAs.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43746649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

social Communication Predictors in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Theoretical Review 自闭症谱系障碍的社会沟通预测因子。理论回顾

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221106955

Cristina A. Costescu, Delia Pitariu, Carment David, Adrian Roșan

引用次数: 1

Starting fear is a stronger predictor of long-term fear than rate of change in fear in human fear conditioning 在人类恐惧条件反射中，开始恐惧比恐惧的变化率更能预测长期恐惧

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221112328

T. Zbozinek, A. Tanner, M. Craske

{"title":"Starting fear is a stronger predictor of long-term fear than rate of change in fear in human fear conditioning","authors":"T. Zbozinek, A. Tanner, M. Craske","doi":"10.1177/20438087221112328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221112328","url":null,"abstract":"In rodent studies, faster extinction rate has been shown to predict less long-term fear. However, this has scarcely been studied in humans. The present report investigated the association between extinction rate and long-term fear in humans. We secondarily evaluated specificity of extinction rate by including other fear conditioning values as predictors, including acquisition intercept, acquisition rate, and extinction intercept. Lastly, we investigated whether trait measures of behavioral approach, behavioral inhibition, anxiety, and depression predicted long-term fear. Results show that slower extinction rate predicted less long-term fear when tested alone in the model. However, when including other fear conditioning variables, extinction rate no longer predicted long-term fear. Instead, greater fear at the beginning of acquisition was the most robust predictor of greater long-term fear (all three measures of fear), followed by greater fear at the beginning of extinction (unconditional stimulus expectancy only). These effects occurred for both the danger signal (i.e., conditional stimulus; CS+) and safety signal (i.e., CS−). The results suggest that fear at the start of acquisition and, secondarily, extinction are predictors of long-term fear. Lastly, there were no effects of trait behavioral approach, behavioral inhibition, anxiety, or depression. This report has relevance for improving our understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45380945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Inducing Paranoia is Linked to Increased Resting Amygdala Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Individuals 健康人诱发偏执与静息杏仁核脑血流量增加有关

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221130693

A. Pinkham, E. Bass, H. Klein, C. Springfield, Jerillyn S. Kent, S. Aslan

{"title":"Inducing Paranoia is Linked to Increased Resting Amygdala Cerebral Blood Flow in Healthy Individuals","authors":"A. Pinkham, E. Bass, H. Klein, C. Springfield, Jerillyn S. Kent, S. Aslan","doi":"10.1177/20438087221130693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221130693","url":null,"abstract":"Among individuals with schizophrenia, paranoia has been linked to increased resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in amygdala, suggesting that amygdala hyperactivity may be a mechanism for paranoid ideation. The present study tested this possible mechanism by assessing whether experimentally inducing paranoia in non-clinical, healthy participants resulted in increased amygdala CBF. Sixty-three undergraduates completed initial measurements of paranoia and resting CBF, via pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging, and were then randomly assigned to either a paranoia induction (n = 32) or control (n = 31) condition before completing a second pCASL scan and another paranoia assessment. Following the induction procedure, individuals in the paranoia induction condition reported fewer positive perceptions of others and greater state anxiety. Resting relative CBF values extracted from right amygdala also demonstrated an increase in CBF over time for individuals in the paranoia induction condition but a decrease in CBF over time for individuals in the control condition. Left amygdala showed no significant effects. These results support the idea that increased resting activity of the amygdala may be a neurobiological mechanism for paranoia.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47477517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying characteristics of non-completers in fear conditioning paradigms with children and adolescents 儿童和青少年恐惧条件反射范式中非完成者的特征识别

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221108291

Tabea Flasinski, Katharina Sommer, S. Schneider, J. Margraf, Verena Pflug, Michael W Lippert, H. Christiansen, J. Cwik, A. Hamm, T. In-Albon, S. Knappe, P. Pauli, J. Richter, B. Tuschen-Caffier, Dirk Adolph

{"title":"Identifying characteristics of non-completers in fear conditioning paradigms with children and adolescents","authors":"Tabea Flasinski, Katharina Sommer, S. Schneider, J. Margraf, Verena Pflug, Michael W Lippert, H. Christiansen, J. Cwik, A. Hamm, T. In-Albon, S. Knappe, P. Pauli, J. Richter, B. Tuschen-Caffier, Dirk Adolph","doi":"10.1177/20438087221108291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221108291","url":null,"abstract":"The number of studies on fear conditioning in children and adolescents has increased in recent years. Most of these studies exclusively focus on data of completers while dropout rates, reasons for dropout, and specific characteristics of non-completers are underreported. This study systematically investigated data of 283 children and adolescents between 8 and 17 years (M = 11.10, SD = 2.14) undergoing a differential fear conditioning paradigm using a female scream as unconditioned stimulus (US). The sample included 230 children and adolescents with a current primary anxiety disorder (separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia) and 53 non-anxious controls. The dropout rate was 24.1%. The most common reason to discontinue was being afraid of the US (59.1%) followed by the startle probe being too loud (15.2%). Logistic regressions revealed that younger age and a present anxiety disorder predicted dropout. There seem to be distinct characteristics potentially predicting dropout from fear conditioning paradigms. Thus, interpretability and generalizability of those paradigms are limited when non-completers are not considered. Future research should conscientiously look at these data more closely and investigate paradigms that work independent of age and diagnostic status.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44781889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of interpretation bias on depression in ambiguous situations: A panel survey with a three-month interval 歧义情境下解释偏倚对抑郁的影响:一项间隔三个月的小组调查

IF 1.4 4区医学

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20438087221123242

Asuka Sugita, Shimpei Yoshimura

{"title":"Impact of interpretation bias on depression in ambiguous situations: A panel survey with a three-month interval","authors":"Asuka Sugita, Shimpei Yoshimura","doi":"10.1177/20438087221123242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20438087221123242","url":null,"abstract":"The negative interpretation of ambiguous situations is understood as interpretation bias, which is a core factor that causes and prolongs depression. However, not many studies have examined the causal influence of interpretation bias on depression. Accordingly, we developed the Japanese version of AST-D-II in which ambiguous scenarios are employed to measure interpretation bias related to depression. A survey was conducted among 247 participants at two time points, with a three-month interval (Time 1 and Time 2). Subsequently, the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of AST-D-II were verified. Thereafter, the depression and AST-D-II scores at both time points were put into structural equation modeling and the cross-lagged panel model was examined. Although the Japanese version of AST-D-Ⅱ had a different factor structure to that found in previous studies, it is a useful scale to measure interpretation bias in Japanese people. In addition, the cross-lagged panel model revealed that interpretation bias is not only related to current depression, but interpretation bias at Time 1 has an impact on depression at Time 2. Therefore, one may deduce that interpretation bias has a long-term impact on depression, thus indicating that interventions on interpretation bias are important in the prevention of depression.","PeriodicalId":48663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42461374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1