Jama Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Reassessing Treatment Outcomes Following Immune-Related Adverse Events-Reply.","authors":"Brandon R Block, Thomas U Marron, Nicholas Gulati","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1209","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"787-788"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalizability and Fairness in Deploying AI for Lung Cancer Biomarker Prediction-Reply.","authors":"Mehrdad Rakaee, David J Kwiatkowski","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1287","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"789"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dermatologist's Perspective on Cutaneous Adverse Effects in CTCAE Version 6.0.","authors":"Nicholas Gulati, Brandon R Block, Jaanvi Mehta, Thomas U Marron","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1043","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"689-690"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Pathologic Nomenclature to Change Clinical Behavior.","authors":"Otis W Brawley","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0917","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0917","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"771-772"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing Treatment Outcomes Following Immune-Related Adverse Events.","authors":"Stephen Rhodes, Jonathan Shoag","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1206","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"787"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Imaging and Initial Treatment for Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Michael S Leapman, John Rothen, Jessica B Long, Isaac E Kim, Aaron P Mitchell, James B Yu, Michaela A Dinan, Cary P Gross, Xiaomei Ma","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0893","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.0893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"785-787"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13154023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-(L)1 Inhibitor Monotherapy vs Chemoimmunotherapy for Advanced NSCLC With High PD-L1 Expression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Alessandro Di Federico, Samuele Compagno, Francesco Mantuano, Sara Stumpo, Andrea De Giglio, Federica Pecci, Joao V Alessi, Xinan Wang, Francesca Sperandi, Barbara Melotti, Francesco Gelsomino, Maria A Pantaleo, Andrea Arfè, Hossein Borghaei, Marina C Garassino, Federico Cappuzzo, Andrea Ardizzoni, Mark M Awad, Biagio Ricciuti","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1548","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of 50% or higher, programmed cell death 1 protein or PD-L1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitor monotherapy is commonly used as first-line therapy; however, whether adding chemotherapy improves outcomes in this population remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) associated with PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy vs chemoimmunotherapy in treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC and high PD-L1 expression.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and major oncology conference proceedings were searched for phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published before August 3, 2025.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Eligible studies were phase 3 RCTs that enrolled patients with untreated advanced NSCLC, evaluated PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy vs chemotherapy alone, and reported outcomes in patients with high PD-L1 expression.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS were extracted from published studies and synthesized using inverse variance methods. Additional analyses included meta-regression, network meta-analysis, and reconstructed individual patient data from published Kaplan-Meier curves.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Primary outcome was OS; secondary outcome was PFS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 24 trials including 5546 patients with PD-L1-high NSCLC, 16 evaluated chemoimmunotherapy and 8 PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy. Compared with chemotherapy, survival was improved by both chemoimmunotherapy (OS: HR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.56-0.72]; P < .001; PFS: HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.39-0.49]; P < .001) and PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy (OS: HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.69-0.80]; P < .001; PFS: HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65-0.76]; P < .001). Tests for subgroup differences suggested improved benefit with chemoimmunotherapy compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy (OS: χ21 = 4.1; P = .04; I2 = 75.8%; PFS: χ21 = 48.1; P < .001; I2 = 97.9%), consistent with meta-regression analyses (OS: HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.72-1.00]; P = .048; PFS: HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.50-0.75]; P < .001) and network meta-analyses (OS: HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.73-0.99]; PFS: HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.50-0.75]). In the reconstructed individual patient data analysis, median OS was longer with chemoimmunotherapy (n = 704 patients) compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy (n = 1706 patients) (29.2 months [95% CI, 25.2-35.4] vs 19.8 months [95% CI, 18.3-21.7]; HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.66-0.82]; P < .001). Similarly, median PFS was significantly longer with chemoimmunotherapy (n = 701 patients) compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitor monotherapy (n = 1706 patients) (11.3 months [95% CI, 10.3-13.5] vs 6.8 months [95% CI, 6.2-7.1]; HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.60-0.75]; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this m","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"753-761"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error in Byline.","authors":"","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.2513","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.2513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":"12 7","pages":"792"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13377387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Risk for Suicidal Self-Directed Violence Among Veterans With Cancer.","authors":"Donald R Sullivan, Natalie Disher, William E Rosa, Sara A Vlajic, Robert Handley, Jennifer Scott, Lauren M Denneson, Meike Niederhausen, Patrick G Lyons, Kelly C Vranas, Chrisopher G Slatore, Ann Kutney-Lee, Kerri M Winters-Stone, Shannon M Nugent","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1459","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Patients with cancer experience significantly higher rates of suicidal self-directed violence (SSDV; defined as both fatal and nonfatal suicide attempts) than the general population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess longitudinal risks and methods for SSDV among veterans and identify associated risk factors to improve screening and prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This national cohort study of veterans with cancer was conducted between January 2014 and December 2023. Data from established oncology and suicide registries and the Veterans Health Administration (VA) were used. Data were analyzed from January 2025 to February 2026.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Diagnosis of invasive solid or hematologic cancer.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was SSDV and rates per 100 000 person-years. Risk factors for SSDV were estimated as adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 292 271 veterans (mean [SD] age, 69.0 [9.4] years; 7108 female [2%]; 2664 American Indian or Alaska Native [1%]; 1365 Asian [1%]; 62 538 Black or African American [21%]; 13 965 Hispanic or Latino [5%]; 2306 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander [1%]; 219 205 White [75%]), there were 2400 SSDV events (1%; overall rate, 203 [95% CI, 195-211] per 100 000 person-years). The most common method used was poisoning (eg, opioids; 617 attempts [26%]). Estimated SSDV probabilities were highest for those with central nervous system (CNS), pancreas, head and neck, liver and biliary system, and thyroid cancer types. Veterans with severe frailty (544 [95% CI, 457-648] events per 100 000 person-years), advanced cancer (261 [95% CI, 233-293] events per 100 000 person-years), chronic mental illness (419 [95% CI, 399-439] events per 100 000 person-years), and high pain scores (236 [95% CI, 192-210] events per 100 000 person-years) had high SSDV rates compared with the overall cohort. Younger age (≤45 years; 643 [95% CI, 547-756] events per 100 000 person-years), female sex (369 [95% CI, 306-445] events per 100 000 person-years), American Indian or Alaska Native race (286 [95% CI, 201-407] events per 100 000 person-years), and CNS (394 [95% CI, 311-500] events per 100 000 person-years) and thyroid (359 [95% CI, 290-445] events per 100 000 person-years) cancers had high rates of nonfatal attempts. Increased SSDV hazards (6 months postdiagnosis) occurred among veterans of Asian compared with White race (aHR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.12-5.76), unmarried veterans (aHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.47-2.27), veterans with CNS (aHR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.13-3.80) or head and neck (aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.13-2.48) compared with lung cancer, and veterans with advanced cancer (aHR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.00-1.68). Risk for most veterans decreased over time after diagnosis; however, risk remained elevated 5 years postdiagnosis for younger veter","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"741-752"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13220153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Delays in Early Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Ryan T Heslin, Zachary A Whitham, Morgan F Pettigrew, Gilbert Z Murimwa, Lauren A Tyler, Leah W Ding, Matthew R Porembka, Patricio M Polanco, Herbert J Zeh, Adam C Yopp, Cecilia G Ethun, Sam C Wang, Alex C Kim","doi":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1335","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoncol.2026.1335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Incidence of early age-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing. Delays in initiation of definitive therapy are associated with worse outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their impact on EOCRC has not been comprehensively characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate incidence of EOCRC, identify patients affected by treatment delays, and determine targetable factors contributing to delayed therapy.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This retrospective, population-based cross-sectional study analyzed data from patients diagnosed with CRC from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2019, using the Texas Cancer Registry. Patients were classified as having either EOCRC (diagnosed age <50 years) or average age-onset colorectal cancer (AOCRC; diagnosed age ≥50 years). The data analysis was performed between August 2024 and November 2025.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The main outcomes were EOCRC status and treatment delays, defined as more than 6 weeks from tissue diagnosis to initiation of definitive therapy. Overall survival (OS), prevalence, impact of treatment delays, and patient-level and system-level factors associated with delayed treatment were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 112 672 patients with CRC (overall mean [SD] age, 65.4 [13.5] years; 61 570 [54.6%] male), 12 079 (11%) had EOCRC, and 100 593 (89%) had AOCRC. The cohort comprised 3111 Asian and Pacific Islander individuals (2.8%), 14 517 Black individuals (12.9%), 23 372 Hispanic individuals (20.7%), and 71 672 White individuals (63.6%). Mean (SD) age for the EOCRC cohort was younger (41.6 [5.9] years) compared to the AOCRC cohort (68.2 [11.2] years; P < .001). Compared to patients with AOCRC, patients with EOCRC were less likely to be of White race (6421 [53.2%] vs 65 251 [64.9%]; P < .001) and more likely to be of Hispanic ethnicity (3389 [28.1%] vs 19 983 [19.9%]; P < .001). Median OS for patients with EOCRC was not reached compared to patients with AOCRC at 80 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.56-0.60; P < .001). In multivariable analysis, higher Social Vulnerability Index (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19-1.26; P < .001) and treatment delays (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.26-1.32; P < .001) were associated with worse OS. Median OS for patients with EOCRC was not reached in patients with or without treatment delay; however, it remained significant (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.32-1.38; P < .001). After controlling for demographic and clinical factors, language barriers were associated with treatment delay in EOCRC (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18-1.79; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, EOCRC was associated with improved OS compared with AOCRC; however, treatment delays were independently associated with worse survival among patients with EOCRC. Language barriers could be a potentially modifiable risk factor associated with delayed tr","PeriodicalId":48661,"journal":{"name":"Jama Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"722-731"},"PeriodicalIF":20.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13237701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}