American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage with and without Fins for Solar Energy Storage","authors":"Eyosiyas Yohannis, B. A. Zeru, Nebiyu Bogale","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v3i1.2564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v3i1.2564","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy storage faces challenges due to its intermittent nature. Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage (PC-TES) offers a promising solution, utilizing materials that store energy by changing their phase. This study presents a comprehensive Comparative Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis aimed at evaluating the heat transfer enhancement in phase change thermal energy storage configurations with and without fins. The numerical simulations, conducted using ANSYS (fluent), investigate the dynamic interactions within the system during the charging phase. We developed detailed CFD models representing PC-TES systems with and without fins, investigating their thermal performance during melting under controlled conditions. The analysis focused on quantifying the impact of fins on key metrics like melting time and temperature distribution. Our results demonstrate the significant benefits of fin integration. Fins enhanced heat transfer area, leading to 33.33% faster melting compared to finless configurations. They created uniform temperature distribution by minimizing the thermal gradient within PCM. This thermal enhancement is due to combined effect of using Nanofluid as heat transfer fluid and use of fins. Overall, this study concludes that incorporating fins in PC-TES systems offers a potent strategy for significantly improved heat transfer and faster energy storage, highlighting their potential for efficient and cost-effective solar energy capture and utilization.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"7 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek Plant on the Pancreas in Rabbits Induced with Diabetes and the Histological Changes Occurring in Them","authors":"A. Khalaf","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v3i1.2413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v3i1.2413","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to induce alloxan-induced diabetes in local white rabbits, study its effect on the pancreas, treat them with aqueous extract of fenugreek at a concentration of 200 mg/kg orally, and observe the histological changes. To complete the study 20 white rabbits were taken and divided into three groups; 1st group is the control group and this group was dosed with distilled water. 2nd group was treated with Alloxan and was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 175 mg/kg. 3rd group is the group that was treated with the aqueous extract of fenugreek at a concentration of 200 mg/kg for 30 days. After the end of the injection and dosing period after 30 days, the animals were killed and the pancreas was removed to perform histological techniques on them. its the group treated with alloxan was observed that the pancreas was composed of exocrine glandular lobules with enlarged secretory cells within the pancreatic acinus, with the presence of pale nuclei lacking pigment. Also, blood congestion of the blood vessels was found between the lobules of the gland and the pancreatic gland showed hyperplasia of its glandular epithelial cells with nuclei devoid of pigment due to the loss of the basal pigment in them. Blood congestion of the blood vessels appeared in the gland between the lobules, and dense colloidal fibers appeared in them and contained fibroblasts and phagocytic cells and the group treated with the aqueous extract of the fenugreek plant :The pancreatic parenchyma contained normal exocrine glandular secretion units, where the cytoplasm and nuclei of these cells were located in the form of regular axes, septations between the lobules of the pancreas surrounded by thick-walled arteries containing blood. and the islets of Lankerhans appeared between the yeast-secreting lobules of the pancreas. They contained endocrine cells of alpha and beta cells surrounded by blood sinusoids. The interstitial tissue between the lobules is composed of loose connective tissue containing colloidal fibers the pancreatic tissue contained the serous secretory vasculature of yeasts, which were uniform in shape, and between them were found blood vessels excessive with blood, where blood was found in a decomposed form in them, with the presence of small channels inside the lobules that transport yeasts.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sperm Parameters and Testicular Histology of Male Wistar Rats Treated with Phoenix Dactylifera after Consumption of Local Mmahi Salt","authors":"Maxwell Ifeanyi Ama, A. Ikwuka, Francis Chigozie Udeh, Humphrey Obinna Ekechi, Albert Nkere Eteudo","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.2275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.2275","url":null,"abstract":"Phoenix dactylifera (date fruit) is one of the nutritious and healthiest fruits due to its excellent nutritional properties, and many beneficial health and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm parameters and testicular histology of male Wistar rats treated with Phoenix dactylifera after consumption of a dose of local Mmahi salt (local salt of Ebonyi State origin, in Nigeria). Fresh date fruits, Mmahi salt, rat feed, clean drinking water, and 24 male wistar rats were the main materials for this study. The rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1 (negative control group with 0% Mmahi salt (MS) and date fruit exposure), Group 2 (positive control I that received 75mg/kg of MS for 4 weeks), Group 3 (positive control II that received 75mg/kg of MS for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of self-recovery), Group 4 (that received 75mg/kg of MS for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of 200mg/kg of date fruit), Group 5 (that received 75mg/kg of MS for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of 400mg/kg of date fruit), and Group 6 (that received 75mg/kg of MS for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of 600mg/kg of date fruit). Actively motile spermatozoa in this study had mean±SEM in G1 (65.00±2.89), G2 (55.00±0.00), G3 (45.00±2.89), G4 (63.75±2.39), G5 (55.50±2.04), and G6 (58.75±2.39). Sluggishly motile spermatozoa were low in the groups treated with higher doses of date fruit extract, but least in G1. Non-motile spermatozoa were high in G2 and G3, but lower in G1, G5, and G6. G4, G5, and G6 had higher sperm counts compared to G2 and G3, although not significant. Histological examination showed in G1 - normal histology, in G2 - moderate spermatogenic arrest, in G3 - severe distortion of testicular architecture, in G4 - enhanced spermatogenesis, in G5 - moderate distortion of the seminiferous tubules, and G6 - enhanced spermatogenesis. A high dose of Mmahi salt is detrimental to sperm parameters and testicular histology. However, this study has shown that date fruit extract can improve sperm parameters and testicular histology in male wistar rats fed with Mmahi salt.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Modified Masson’s Trichrome Stain to Recognize the Stratum Corneum in the Epidermis of the Skin and Measure It","authors":"Muna Rashid Salah","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.2117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.2117","url":null,"abstract":"Many types of research have stained the skin to determine its layers, especially the epidermis because it is an important and large body barrier against foreign materials. The most popular method was the routine stain that gives the tissues two colors depending on the acidophilic and basophilic to eosin and hematoxylin when the epidermis stain the trichrome stain the layers appear in two colors: pink color in the cytoplasm of the stratum germanitivium and the stratum spinusium and the stratum corneum, the nuclear stain with violet to gray color, in this paper we attempt to modify the Masson’s trichrome to stain the stratum corneum in a different color to recognize it and measure it by using Bouin’s solution with Carnoy’s solution as fixative material. The result of this modification was the stratum corneum appeared in yellow color and the other layers stayed in the same color as the general trichrome method and compared it with routine stain and measured the dead layer in the three methods. This research concludes indicates that the modified method can identify dead layers of the epidermis and becomes more accurate when measured with modern measurements.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135781047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Pathogenesis, Virulence Factors, and Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Ali Saad Kadhim, Abdullah Salim Al-Karawi","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1910","url":null,"abstract":"The H. pylori bacterium, which resides in the human stomach and is linked to a number of gastrointestinal illnesses, is introduced in-depth in this article. We examine how H. pylori establishes infection, thwarts the hosting immune response, and causes inflammation as we explore the pathophysiology of this bacterium. We also talked about how H. pylori influences host cells and develops a favorable environment for survival. We also go over the many methods for identifying H. pylori, such as endoscopy, biopsy, blood, breath, feces, and others. We stress the importance of an accurate and speedy diagnosis while outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each diagnostic strategy to manage disorders caused by H. pylori effectively. Throughout this review, we aim to unravel the mysteries surrounding H. pylori, providing valuable insights into its pathogenesis, the intricate interplay of virulence factors, and the diverse diagnostic strategies employed in clinical practice. Enhancing our understanding of H. pylori can pave the way for improved therapies and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135205058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Investigation Using RAPD-PCR Marker Field Populations of Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Exposed to Some Insecticide","authors":"Hanan Salah El-Din Taha","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1699","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonally the cotton plant cultivated in Egyptian fields is suffering from the cotton Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) attacking fruits and buds. Insecticide applications reported control failure by the most recommended conventional classes. Monitoring pest DNA changes after sublethal exposure become the new technique to investigate. Then four insecticide treatments were screened by using the molecular marker polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inspection, using four Random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis (RAPD-PCR) primers partitioned based on band reproducibility. Result of LC50 was 0.55, 61.1, 69.3, and 0.23 for spinoteram, novaluron, metaflumezone, and dimeuron respectively. The insecticide treatments band of gel produced detected 47 loci ranging from 87 to 63 % polymorphism. The primer efficiency value of PIC =0.361, 0.34, 0.34, 0.355, and 0.262, RP = 5.30, H = 0.473, 0.434, 0.434, 0.462 and 0.31, and MI = 0.10, 0.1386, 0.138, 0.167 and 0.0582 for the same treated samples respectively. Distance and similarity were quantified based on Nei’s and genetic dissimilarity by the UPMGA method then a phylogenetic tree was constructed and grouped the entire genotypes into 2 major clusters and 6 subclusters. The RAPD primers revealed the number of alleles (Na = 0.324, 0.318, 0.318, 0.326, and 0.328), and the effective number of alleles (Ne = 0.571, 0.569, 0.558, 0.574, and 0.5784). The fixation-index (Fst) analysis narrated a very great genetic diversity (Fst = 0.626, 0.684, 0.684, 0.2, and 0.695) exists within the four treated samples respectively. The level of gene flow was (Nm = 0.239, 0.230, 0.230, 0.233, and 0.2187) respectively across the four genotypes studied. Results proved that the RAPD-PCR technique was suitable for distinguishing between insecticide treatments.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135155868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Oat Production Area, Productivity and Utilization Status in Ethiopia","authors":"Lensa Urgesa Akasa","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1459","url":null,"abstract":"Oat is an important multi-purpose cereal crop cultivated for grain, feed, straw used for human consumption and livestock feed. Oat is ranked as sixth in the world’s cereal production following wheat, maize, rice, barley and sorghum. Therefore, this study is initiated to analyze the trends of; oats production area, productivity and utilization status in Ethiopia. Data of meher season oats area of production (ha), productivity (qt/ha) and utilization (%) were collected from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia. Trend test was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall’s trend test packaged in XLstat. This study’s result indicated that oat production showed a non-significant increasing trend. Additionally oats yield qt/ha showed that significant increasing trend. Oat production area showed significant decreasing despite being used as Household Consumption and animal feed showed non-significant decreasing trends.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135593380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient and Plankton Abundance in the Major Nursery Grounds of Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in Perspective of Water Quality Factors","authors":"Md Moniruzzaman, None Flura, Mohammad Ashraful Alam, Md. Hashibur Rahman, Khondaker Rashidul Hasan, Rabina Akther Lima, Yahia Mahmud","doi":"10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54536/ajbb.v2i1.1260","url":null,"abstract":"This study was contemplated to depict the nutrient composition and dissertation of plankton present in the six hilsa sanctuaries. The water temperature (25.6±0.8ºC), nitrate (0.005±0.01 mg/L), phosphate (0.002±0.0004 mg/L) and DO (7.7±1.1 mg/L) followed by pH (7.6±0.6), transparency (44.4±10.6 cm), alkalinity (112.4 ±26.4 mg/L), hardness (304.5±69.5 mg/L) and CO2 (10.3±1.2 mg/L). The chlorophyll a was estimated and represents the biomass of phytoplankton (8.21 ± 2.3 µg/L). Twelve groups (families) of phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Fragillariophyceae, Gonatozygeceze, Cyanophyceae, Hydrodictyaceae, Stephanodiscaceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Melosiraceae and Euglenoida) comprising 26 genera and zooplankton (Branchiopoda, Hexanauplia, Heterotrichea, Diaptomidae, Eurotatoria, Cryptophyceae, Rotifera, Copepod, Crustacea, Monogononta, Bdelloida) having 14 genera were identified at all sampling stations. The present biological investigation disclosed the variation of physicochemical parameters and their influences on plankton community (phytoplankton and zooplankton) of hilsa sanctuary area with an exploration statistical data output to acquire the insights of the study sites and suggested the suitable hilsa fisheries management action plan for the sustainable management of hilsa fishery.","PeriodicalId":486574,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioscience and Bioinformatics","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}