{"title":"Using Hybrid Models of AI for Identification of Trees by UAV Images of Forests: I. Machine-learning Component of the Models","authors":"Zurab Bosikashvili, Giorgi Kvartskhava","doi":"10.37394/232014.2024.20.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2024.20.5","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intellect models (machine learning, logical reasoning, etc.) are currently the focus of many remote sensing approaches for forest inventory management. Although they return satisfactory results in many tasks, some challenges remain, especially in the case of the highly dense distribution of trees in forests. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid approach using together deep learning models and symbolic logic methods for identifying single-tree species in highly dense areas. The use of deep learning methods in solving high dimensional problems in face recognition has some issues due to low accuracy and interpretability of results. The paper proposes a hybrid approach for solving complex image classification problems. This approach involves the use of both machine learning methods and symbolic knowledge. The paper presents the structure and formal model of the hybrid system, which includes a new component, an operations manager. The first part of the paper proposes a new architecture of deep neural networks with attentional mechanisms built on blocking meta-functions. The corresponding module has been developed in Python language. The results of the module's work are provided to the knowledge base. As a result of symbolic conclusions, the teaching module is reorganized. The experiments conducted showed the effectiveness of the presented approach.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yide Zhang, Teng Li, Xin Zang, Jingwen Yu, Yuan Xu, Yuriy S. Shmaliy
{"title":"Improved UFIR Filter for Fusing Recent INS-assisted Visual Measurement under Colored Measurement Noise in UAV Landing","authors":"Yide Zhang, Teng Li, Xin Zang, Jingwen Yu, Yuan Xu, Yuriy S. Shmaliy","doi":"10.37394/232014.2024.20.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2024.20.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the landing process of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) employing inertial navigation system (INS) and visual measurement. Employing the integrated scheme, an improved unbiased finite impulse response (UFIR) filter is developed for fusing recent INS-assisted visual measurement under colored measurement noise (CMN). The UFIR filter developed for CMN and called cFIR filter is proposed, and then the hybrid UFIR/cFIR filter is developed to work in parallel. The Mahalanobis distance is used to select better results as the final result of the filter. It is shown experimentally that the proposed method enhances the accuracy and reliability of data fusion, thereby improving the overall performance of UAV autonomous landing systems.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"32 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Lastre-Dominguez, Victor Jímenez-Ramos, Hector Azcaray-Rivera, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, J. Muñoz-Minjares, Yuriy Shmaliy
{"title":"Denoising ECG Signals using Weighted Iterative UFIR Filtering","authors":"Carlos Lastre-Dominguez, Victor Jímenez-Ramos, Hector Azcaray-Rivera, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, J. Muñoz-Minjares, Yuriy Shmaliy","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.16","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocardiogram (ECG) holds paramount importance in diagnosing heart disease, and as it persists leading cause of global mortality. Over the past decades, diverse techniques have emerged for processing ECG signals, with denoising taking a prominent role in enhancing feature extraction. Nonetheless, achieving heightened accuracy remains an enduring challenge. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach involving the application of a weighted unbiased finite impulse response (UFIR) filter. Under the same noise conditions and in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), our proposed method showcases worthy performance in comparison to the weighted Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter. This research contributes to the progressive evolution of ECG signal processing, offering the potential for more precise and dependable detection of cardiac diseases.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time Series Analysis with Application in Public Health and Biomedical Data","authors":"Theodor D. Popescu","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.15","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives a overview of time series modeling and forecasting, using multiplicative SARIMA models, with application in assessing and forecasting of epidemiological data. After presenting of the main models and the methodological issues used in Box-Jenkins approach, the paper presents two case studies having as subject the modeling and forecasting of the cumulative number of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, in Singapore, from 24 February to 7 May 2003, and the measles infections, in Great Britain, 1971-1994, quarterly recorded. For the last series an example of intervention analysis, using as the exogenous data the measles infections, and as endogenous variable the number of vaccinated persons, in the same time period, is presented, proved to be a useful approach, when the time series is affected by the effect of population vaccination.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"56 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134901671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Adaptive Kalman Filters in Aircraft State Estimation","authors":"Mert Sever, Tuncay Yunus Erkeç, Chingiz Hajiyev","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.14","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft state estimation refers to the process of determining the current or future state of an aircraft, such as its position, velocity, orientation, and other relevant parameters, based on available sensor data and mathematical models. This information is crucial for safe and efficient flight operations, as well as for various applications, including Guidance, Navigation, Control (GNC), and autonomous flight. Given the beginning circumstances, the motion of the airplane was examined in this study by estimating the state vectors using the Kalman Filter (KF) and the Adaptive Kalman Filters (AKF), as well as by comparing the various estimate techniques.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"174 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Improvement in the AFM Image After Applying a Lucy- Richardon Deconvolution Algorithm Using a New Technique for Estimating the AFM Tip Shape From the Square Sample","authors":"Ahmed Ahtaiba","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.11","url":null,"abstract":"The images measured using AFM are distorted because of the influence of the tip geometry. This influence let the images do not accurately represent the real shape of the measured particles or cells. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the AFM tip shape. This paper proposed a new approach (impulse response technique) to reconstruct the tip shape from a square sample. Once the tip shape is known, erosion or deconvolution process has been carried out between the estimated tip shape and the distorted image. The experimental results and the computer simulations validate the performance of the proposed approach in which it illustrates that the AFM image accuracy has been greatly improved. Also, we have compared the proposed algorithm with the blind tip estimation algorithm using computer simulations and real AFM images, and our algorithm has given better results. It is worth mentioning here that the blind tip estimation is the industrial and research standard algorithm for the restoration of AFM images.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust Recursive Least-Squares Wiener Filter for Linear Continuous-Time Uncertain Stochastic Systems","authors":"Seiichi Nakamori","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.12","url":null,"abstract":"For linear continuous-time systems with uncertainties in the system and observation matrices, an original robust RLS Wiener filter is designed in this study. The robust RLS Wiener filter does not assume norm-bounded uncertainty for the system and observation matrices, in contrast to the robust Kalman filter. In the design of the robust RLS Wiener filter, the degraded signal, affected by the uncertainties in the system and observation matrices, is modeled by an autoregressive (AR) model. The system and observation matrices for the degraded signal are formulated from the relationship between the AR model of the degraded signal and the state-space model. Estimation formulas for the system and observation matrices are proposed in Section 2. The robust filtering problem is introduced based on the minimization of the mean-square value of the filtering errors for the system states. The robust filtering estimate is given as an integral transformation of the degraded observations using the impulse response function. The integral equation that an optimal impulse response function satisfies is given in Section 3. Theorem 1 presents a robust RLS Wiener filtering algorithm starting from this integral equation. The proposed robust RLS Wiener filter outperforms the existing robust Kalman filter regarding estimate accuracy, as shown by a numerical simulation example.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa Nasr Mohammed, Abdulgani Albagul, Moamer Musbah Ahmad
{"title":"Automated Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis using Convolutional Neural Networks and Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Asmaa Nasr Mohammed, Abdulgani Albagul, Moamer Musbah Ahmad","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.13","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating neuro-logical condition affecting millions globally; therefore, correct diagnosis plays a significant role in treating or managing it effectively. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are popular deep learning algorithms are applied to image processing tasks, offer a good technique to study and investigate images processing. In this study, a CNN model for classifying Alzheimer’s patients is proposed. The research yielded impressive results: recall and precision scores as high as 0.9958 which indicate trustworthy identification of true positives while maintaining few false positives; test accuracy exceeding 99% confirming desirable generalization capabilities from the training dataset to live scenarios; ROC AUC score at an astronomical height of 0.9999 signifying great potential in distinguishing between afflicted individuals from their non-affected counterparts accurately. The proposed network achieved a classification accuracy of 99.94% on LMCI vs EMCI, 99.87% on LMCI vs MCI, 99.95% on LMCI vs AD, 99.94% on LMCI vs CN, 99.99% on CN vs AD, 99.99% on CN vs EMCI, 99.99% on CN vs MCI, 99.99% on AD vs EMCI, 99.98% on AD vs MCI, and 99.96% on MCI vs EMCI. The proposed CNNs model is compared with two ultramodern models such as VGG19 and ResNet50. The results show that the proposed model achieved a superior performance in diagnostic precision and effectiveness of Alzheimer’s disease, leading to early detection, enhanced treatment plans, and enriching the quality of life for those affected.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Menendez, Florence George, B. M. Golam Kibria
{"title":"Performance of Some Modified Test Statistics for Testing the Population Signal to Noise Ratio: Simulation and Applications","authors":"Samantha Menendez, Florence George, B. M. Golam Kibria","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers fifteen existing and proposed test statistics for testing the population SNR. A theoretical comparison among the test statistics is not possible, a Monte Carlo simulation study has been conducted. The performance of the test statistics is based on the empirical size and power of the tests considering a significance level 0.05. The simulation study resulted in some existing and proposed methods performing well in some conditions. For testing SNR=1, 2 and 5, Method 10 performed the best in all simulation conditions. However, for testing SNR=0.5 the proposed Method 12 and for testing SNR=10, the proposed Method 15 performed the best. Two real life data sets are analyzed to illustrate the performance of the test statistics.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognising Image Shapes from Image Parts, not Neural Parts","authors":"Kieran Greer","doi":"10.37394/232014.2023.19.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37394/232014.2023.19.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an image processing method that makes use of image parts instead of neural parts. Neural networks excel at image or pattern recognition and they do this by constructing complex networks of weighted values that can cover the complexity of the pattern data. These features however are integrated holistically into the network, which means that they can be difficult to use in an individual sense. A different method might scan individual images and use a more local method to try to recognise the features in it. This paper suggests such a method and it is conjectured that this method is more ‘intelligent’ than a traditional neural network. The image parts that it creates not only have more meaning, but they can also be put into a positional context and allow for an explainable result. Tests show that it can be quite accurate, on some handwritten digit datasets, but not as accurate as a neural network. The fact that it offers an explainable interface however, could make it interesting.","PeriodicalId":486203,"journal":{"name":"WSEAS transactions on signal processing","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135833408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}