International Journal of Lean Six Sigma最新文献

{"title":"Human centred lean – introducing the people value stream","authors":"P. Hines","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-03-2021-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-03-2021-0061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The focus of lean has increasingly moved from a tools-based to a systems-based approach with particular emphasis on people. However, a conceptual framework for this is lacking. The people value stream concept provides a starting point for further discussion, research and practical application in this area.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this conceptual paper, the author draws on their extensive experience with lean through 30 years of researching, leading and consulting in lean transformations.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The people value stream concept is presented together with a series of theoretical, practical and social implications for its application. These include: a rethinking of the role of executives in lean organisations; the importance of people and their experience of work; how the issue of wasted human potential might be addressed; how lean can further evolve; how, in addition to products, people can be made the focus in lean; and how pull and flow can be applied to the people value stream, including what competencies, learning and development, behaviours, accountability, social support and mental and physical wellbeing, are required or should be provided to employees throughout their careers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper widens the existing discussion of people within lean. To the best of the author’s knowledge, for the first time in an academic paper, it discusses this within a lean context by proposing a conceptual people value stream model.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49062687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lean supply chain management and Industry 4.0: a systematic literature review","authors":"M. Rossini, D. Powell, Kaustav Kundu","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-05-2021-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-05-2021-0092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Even though the integration of Lean Supply Chain Management (LSCM) and Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies is relatively recent, it has been receiving a lot of attention. Partly because it is a recent field of practise and research and partly because the number of works developed in this field has grown rapidly, it is important to frequently update the perspectives on this field of investigation. Thus, this study aims to review the integration between LSCM and I4.0 analysing relationship at operative, tactical and strategic levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Systematic literature review was conducted to identify and explain the integration of LSCM and I4.0 from scientific sources that were published before March 2021.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The analysis of the literature revealed the level of integration of LSCM and I4.0 is present at different managerial levels. Moreover, when the integration is detailed at different managerial levels, it appears that LSCM paves the way for the adoption of I4.0 at a strategic level, while I4.0 technologies promise to enhance LSCM practices at the operational level.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The main contribution of this study is the framework which shows that LSCM paves the way for the adoption of I4.0 at a strategic level, while I4.0 technologies promise to enhance LSCM practices at the operational level.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study develops a new perspective of the articles published under the thematic of LSCM and I4.0. Additionally, it proposes a framework of analysis that can be used by future researchers. Finally, it shows the most recent implementations of LSCM and I4.0, exposing the current trends, improvements and also the main gaps.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The academic pattern of the Lean Six Sigma approach: a descriptive content analysis of project-based studies within Turkey","authors":"Fulya Almaz, N. Akar","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-02-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-02-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to present the academic pattern of project-based studies on the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) approach in a comparative manner in the context of Turkey.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Focusing on the context of Turkey, a detailed search was conducted at the National Thesis Center of Turkey, and on Google Scholar between November 28 and December 15, 2021, using the keywords “Lean Six Sigma” and “Lean 6 Sigma” in both Turkish and English. As a result of this search, no conference proceedings on the subject were found. However, 25 postgraduate theses and 19 articles were accessed. It was determined that ten of the 19 articles were produced from these theses. It was observed that nine of the 25 postgraduate theses contained conceptual analyses. At this point, it was concluded that the project-based theses conducted in the context of Turkey provided the necessary representation on the subject. Therefore, the 16 postgraduate theses that had been accessed constituted the sample of the study. These 16 theses were subjected to a comprehensive evaluation with the systematic analysis design, with descriptive content analysis being used as the data analysis tool of the research. In this context, the theses were examined using parameters such as type, number, year, university, institute, department, discipline, original language and title of advisor. Other parameters used were purpose, industry, duration, team, results, tools and techniques of the LSS projects mentioned in the theses.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000It was determined that the number of postgraduate theses on LSS was low in number, with only one study having been performed at the doctoral level, and most studies having been produced in 2019. In addition, it was observed that the subject had been studied by different universities, institutes, disciplines and departments with the LSS spreading to different academic disciplines. Most of the relevant theses were written in Turkish, and it has been determined that these theses were mostly carried out under the supervision of academicians with the title of assistant professor. It was also found that the purposes of the theses, the tools used throughout the process and the results obtained were per the LSS spirit. On the other hand, it was determined that the duration of the project and the composition of the team members would vary due to the diversity of features that make the internal dynamics of the projects clear.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The research revealed the academic pattern of the project-based studies on the LSS in the Turkish context. The use of systematic review design and descriptive content analysis as data analysis tools in the research is an important initiative. While the uniqueness of the studies carried out on such a practical subject cannot be discussed, the holistic approach of these studies increases the contribution value of the research. At this point, this study is considered to be especially valuable for an understandin","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42659703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing lean six sigma methodology to reduce the logistics cost: a case study in Turkey","authors":"Gulsah Sisman","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-02-2022-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-02-2022-0054","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to propose the implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) framework in supply chain by providing an actual case study of how to reduce the logistics cost.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000In this paper, it is shown how LSS approach, basic tools and Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control methodology can significantly improve a company by enhancing the supply chain and reducing the logistics expenditures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Root causes to the main problem of this study were analyzed to identify appropriate solutions. After the implementation of solutions, the company’s product quality and internal communication were improved. Correspondingly, the percentage of customer orders that have to be transported by road instead of maritime reduced to 5% from 13% and the percentage of the road transportation cost paid unnecessarily by the company decreased to 1% from 5%.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This case study provides a roadmap and step-by-step implementation of LSS framework for especially companies in plastics industry.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first example of a LSS case study conducted in Turkey to improve the supply chain of a company by targeting primarily a reduction on logistics costs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42030895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical success factors of Lean in Higher Education: an international perspective","authors":"A. Kokkinou, Ton van Kollenburg","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-04-2022-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-04-2022-0076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Continuous improvement initiatives such as Lean in Higher Education (HE) institutes are an emerging topic for research. Under pressure to do more with less, institutes of HE are increasingly adopting the tools and methods of lean to improve their quality practices. Nevertheless, institutes of HE differ significantly from business organizations. The purpose of this study was to examine the critical success factors (CSFs) of continuous improvement in this homogeneous industry. Two other contextual factors, implementation approach and national culture, are examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A mixed methods approach, combining Q-methodology, online surveys and interviews, was used to investigate the CSFs of lean implementation in HE. Participants were recruited from an international network of lean practitioners in HE. Using Q-methodology, three perspectives of CSFs in HE were identified.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Lean implementation at institutes of HE is characterized by a bottom-up approach, involving mostly supporting processes. Contrary to business organizations, the role of management in the implementation of Lean in HE is limited and attention should instead be directed to employee empowerment and customer focus. The findings also showed that, at least for institutes of HE, organizational culture is more influential than national culture.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000When management involvement is limited, a bottom-up implementation of lean is recommended, centered on improving university-wide supporting processes, promoting cross-departmental cooperation and overcoming the silo mentality. This approach requires an emphasis on a specific set of CSFs, namely, employee empowerment, sharing success stories and training.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study findings enrich conceptually based lean implementation frameworks for HE that advocate a top-down implementation approach.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47436378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality supported trainings for lean education: conceptualization, design and evaluation of competency-oriented teaching-learning environments","authors":"T. Riemann, J. Metternich","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-04-2022-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-04-2022-0095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this approach is to structure and facilitate the development of competency-oriented virtual training scenarios. This approach should help to develop reproducible results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This publication presents a procedure for the structured, competency-oriented design of virtual teaching–learning environments. The procedure is based on the competency-oriented design of learning factories according to Tisch and consists of a total of three phases with various substeps. The different steps of the method are presented by means of an application example and the generated scenario is evaluated by means of a competency measurement according to Glass regarding its suitability for teaching competencies.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000In addition to an application example that introduces the approach, this publication presents concrete results from the research project. In addition to a review of the opportunities and limitations of virtual reality (VR) in continuing education, these also refer to possible, realizable requirements for the use of VR. In addition, results on the suitability of VR learning environments for competency development in the context of value streaming mapping training are presented.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This approach represents a substantial extension of existing concepts for the design of physical learning factory training for lean topics. It can help learning factory operators and other training providers to design competency- and user-oriented virtual training. VR offers a multitude of potentials in this context, but these can only be exploited through conscientious use of the technology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48966020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of commercial, financial and corporate affairs on operational excellence of the Indian mining industry","authors":"P. Mishra, Rashmiranjan Panigrahi, Alaka Samantaray","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-02-2022-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-02-2022-0040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to identify the impact of commercial issues (CIs), financial issues (FIs) and corporate affairs (CAs) on operational excellence (OE) of the mining industry.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A purposive sample of size 321 was collected from Indian mining executives with more than ten years of exposure to the mining field. Factors are identified and confirmed with the use of confirmatory factor analysis. The structural equation modeling technique was then applied to understand the unique as well as the complex relationships between FI, CI, CA and OE.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results indicate that all three issues, CI, FI and CA, have an influence on OE in the Indian mining industry. Among the variables of the issues considered in this study, marketing products and size and quality of products (from CI); scale of economies (from FI); risk management (from CA); and transportation and machine operation (from OE) are the highest influencing variables.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This study has its limitations in sampling, the timing of sample collection and their mode. The samples were collected from only massively deposited large mines.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Business managers of the mining industry will be more vigilant and aware of those indirect variables such as marketing products, size and quality of products, scale of economies and risk management, which can influence OE apart from major influencing variables such as transportation and machine operations and production scheduling.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in the mining industry to evaluate the impact of these three issues on OE. The originality of this research lies in testing the CI, FI and CA of the mining industry with OE, which is completely new to this field.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46588341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a framework for utilising Lean Six Sigma’s intangible impacts in creating organisational innovation climate","authors":"M. Alblooshi, M. Shamsuzzaman, A. Karim, S. Haridy, A. Shamsuzzoha, M. Badar","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-08-2020-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-08-2020-0117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that illustrates the role of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in creating organisational innovation climate by investigating the relationship between LSS’s intangible impacts and organisational innovation climate factors.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A self-administrated survey questionnaire was distributed among 145 public sector officials to get their opinions on the relationship between various observable elements of LSS’s intangible impacts and organisational innovation climate factors, where a response rate of 73.8% was achieved. The collected data were demographically, descriptively and statistically analysed. Accordingly, a house-of-pillars-based framework that illustrates the role of LSS’s intangible impacts in creating innovation climate in an organisation was developed.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results from this study indicated that LSS’s intangible impacts on organisational structure and hierarchy, culture, change adaptability, utilisation of staff and staff’s behavioural aspects are positively related to many of organisational innovation climate factors such as trust and openness, challenge and involvement, support for ideas and freedom and autonomy.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The findings of this study are based on the data collected from public sector organisations in the UAE and are supported by relevant literature. However, this study can provide useful guidance for further research for the generalisation of the results to wider scopes in terms of sectors and geographical domains.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The findings of this study will provide UAE public sector officials with a clear roadmap on how to use LSS for promoting innovation and fostering its implementation in practice. This study will also encourage professionals in public sectors to integrate LSS into their innovation strategies to enhance organisational innovativeness and improve service quality.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It is one of the first studies that explores LSS’s intangible impacts and assesses their relationship with organisational innovation climate factors. Hence, this study offers valuable insights for both academics and practitioners and is expected to lay a foundation for a better understanding of how LSS’s intangible impacts can be used in creating organisational innovation climate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45863731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering insights and improvements from IIoT systems at the shop floor: a case of industry 4.0 and lean complementarity enabled by action learning","authors":"Henrik Saabye, Daryl Powell","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-01-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-01-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to investigate how manufacturers can foster insights and improvements from real-time data among shop-floor workers by developing organisational “learning-to-learn” capabilities based on both the lean- and action learning principle of learning through problem-solving. Second, the purpose is to extrapolate findings on how action learning can enable the complementarity between lean and industry 4.0.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000An insider action research approach is adopted to investigate how manufacturers can enable their shop-floor workers to foster insights and improvements from real-time data at VELUX.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings report that enabling shop-floor workers to use real-time data consist of developing three consecutive organisational building blocks of learning-to-learn, learning-to-learn using real-time data and learning-to-learn generating real-time data − and helping others to learn (to learn).\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000First, the study contributes to theory and practice by demonstrating that a learning-to-learn capability is a core construct for manufacturers seeking to enable shop-floor workers to use real-time data-capturing systems to drive improvement. Second, the study outlines how lean and industry 4.0 complementarity can be enabled by action learning. Moreover, the study allows us to deduce six necessary conditions for enabling shop-floor workers to foster insights and improvements from real-time data.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lean implementation: analysis of individual-level factors in a biopharmaceutical organisation","authors":"Jeff Duggan, K. Cormican, Olivia McDermott","doi":"10.1108/ijlss-10-2021-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlss-10-2021-0184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000An understanding of the motivation of individual employees to adopt lean practices is fundamental to successful lean implementation. This study aims to investigate the adoption of lean practices and provides an analysis of the individual-level factors necessary for lean implementation. This study presents a method for assessing the impact of individual-level factors in a company deploying lean within a biopharmaceutical manufacturing subsidiary.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The case study explores the attitudes of individuals within a functionally structured organisation undergoing a lean implementation initiative. A quantitative data collection approach was used to capture data from employees in a medical device manufacturing organisation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study found that personality and affective organisational commitment positively affects an individual’s intention to adopt lean practices. Employees with greater levels of affective commitment are more likely to partake in lean-related practices. Individuals in functions that directly support the production process, as opposed to those in functions that indirectly support production, are more likely to participate in lean practices. Finally, individuals in supervisory roles are more likely to adopt lean practices than those in non-supervisory roles, and management should involve top performers in lean.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There is a paucity of case study research in the area of individual-level factors for lean practice adoption. The findings of this study offer practical guidance on individual-level factors for lean practice adoption and illuminate new avenues for future research. This analysis also makes a practical contribution to the literature. From a managerial perspective, understanding why certain employees are more willing to adopt lean practices contributes to an overall lean organisational readiness and implementation framework. This insight enables the development of carefully tailored communication and training programs for managing employee motivation for and receptivity to lean.\u0000","PeriodicalId":48601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lean Six Sigma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45226448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}