Nursing Open最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Hypochloremia in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Chen, Rulan Yin, Minxia Lu, Lifen Mao, Jing Lu, Meng Wang, Xiaoqing Shi","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70178","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The intersection of heart failure (HF) and serum chloride is of increasing interest; however, estimates of the global prevalence of hypochloremia in HF were inconsistent. This paper aimed to quantify the current prevalence of hypochloremia in patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were systematically searched from inception to May 24, 2022. Observational studies that clearly defined the cutoff for hypochloremia and provided the prevalence of hypochloremia in patients with HF were included. Stata 17.0 was used for data analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed according to Cochran's Q and I² values, and results were pooled using a random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen papers reporting 18 studies that involved 29,807 patients with HF were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypochloremia in HF was 14.0% (95% CI: 11.9%-16.2%; I² = 96.6%, I² CI: 95.6%-97.4%, p < 0.001). Study country and study quality were identified in subgroup analysis and meta-regression as possible sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot and egger's test revealed publication bias (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>No patient or public contribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Nursing Home Nurses Who Care for Residents With Dementia Experience the Moral Distress? A Phenomenography Study.","authors":"Eun Young Kim, Ye-Na Lee, Sung Ok Chang","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Exploring how nursing home nurses who care for residents with dementia experience moral distress.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative phenomenography design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phenomenography was used in this qualitative study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 nurses caring for residents with dementia at three nursing homes using phenomenographic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six categories were divided into two groups. The 'reflection on my nursing' group included the categories 'anguish over qualifications to care for residents', 'uncertainty about the adequacy of the care provided', and 'internal conflict over whether to compromise with unsatisfactory outcomes'. The 'moral awareness' group included 'being aware of deviations from the standards I set and the care I provide', 'recognising when I become insensitive to things I should not do', and 'ruminating about whether it would be okay if I have no choice'. Comprehensively, it was found that moral distress occurs when reflecting on nursing and moral awareness conflicts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides insight into the various ways in which nursing home nurses experience moral distress when caring for residents with dementia. This study can provide a basis and direction for various strategies to reduce moral distress.</p><p><strong>Implication for the profession and/or patient care: </strong>Considering the growing interest in the moral distress experienced by nurses, along with the importance of the human rights of residents with dementia in an aging society, these research results will have a positive impact on improving the quality of care provided by nursing home nurses to residents with dementia.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>No patient or public contribution.</p><p><strong>Reporting method: </strong>We have adhered to relevant COREQ guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Differences in Postoperative Nursing Between Temporary Ileostomy and Temporary Colostomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Mei Wang, Lihong Dai, Xia Fang, Yan Zheng, Yuanhao Shen, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ileostomy and colostomy are two effective clinical methods for intestinal diversion, but both have disadvantages. It is necessary to adopt corresponding nursing interventions for stoma patients to improve their quality of life.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study explored the recovery status and nursing differences of patients who underwent temporary ileostomy and temporary colostomy.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent temporary ostomy were divided into the ileostomy group and colostomy group according to the surgical method. Relevant clinical data of patients were collected, and differences in postoperative nursing were explored through a chi-square test. Meanwhile, a Quality-of-Life (QOL) assessment was compiled to assess the impact of different ostomy types on patients' postoperative quality of life. The study was conducted according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement. The research question of the study focuses on how to evaluate the patient's recovery status and provide a basis for targeted nursing care for post-ostomy patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The postoperative regular defecation rate of the ileostomy group was significantly lower than that of the colostomy group (p = 0.031), and the anastomotic healing rate of the ileostomy group was significantly higher than that of the colostomy group 1 week postoperatively (p = 0.037). According to the analysis of the QOL assessment, the ileostomy group showed significantly higher tolerance to ostomy faeces odour than the colostomy group (p = 0.002), and postoperative appetite in the ileostomy group was significantly better than that in the colostomy group (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with the colostomy group, the ileostomy group had a higher anastomotic healing rate 1 week postoperatively, a faster recovery of intestinal peristalsis, a better appetite after surgery, an easier tolerance to the odour of stoma faeces and a higher comprehensive postoperative quality of life.</p><p><strong>Relevance to clinical practice: </strong>Nurses and other healthcare professionals should be aware of the differences in surgical techniques for stoma patients. Nursing work should strengthen attention to postoperative diet and ostomy hygiene care for colostomy patients.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>Fifty patients consented and were enrolled. The stoma surgeries were carried out by the surgical team, while the nursing team was responsible for postoperative care, data collection, analysis and interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Communication and Working During the Covid-19 Pandemic Among Nursing Home Staff: A Qualitative Interview Study.","authors":"Elisabet Eriksson, Katarina Hjelm","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe nursing home care staff's experiences of encounters and communication with colleagues, residents and residents' family members as well as their experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic while working in a multicultural environment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interviews with 17 care staff from nursing homes in Sweden were analysed using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Care staff reported different working experiences related to their possibility to prepare themselves, and some felt more supported than others by their managers. Feelings of pride were experienced when Covid-19 infections were prevented. Overall, they received information about Covid-19, but not initially. Acceptance of colleagues with limited Swedish language skills was reported, but frustration and impaired communication were common. Negative mental health effects from working with critically ill residents and taking care of the deceased were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Employers did not provide care staff with sufficient information and support, and strategies are needed to maintain communication with and between care workers. Further support is needed to maintain care workers' mental health and well-being during critical working conditions.</p><p><strong>Implications for the profession and/or patient care: </strong>Nursing home management needs to implement clear structured tools for communicating essential information. These tools should take language skills into consideration. During pandemics, care workers must receive the support they need to maintain their mental health and well-being.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>No patient or public contribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonial Mentality and Diabetes Self-Management in Filipino Americans.","authors":"Rey Paolo Ernesto Roca, Behnan Albahsahli, Gilkevyn Joseph Gaw Palao, Gillkaitlyn Mary Gaw Palao, Derek Lance, Katrina Rae Carpizo, Dante Anthony Tolentino","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the correlation between colonial mentality and diabetes self-management among Filipino Americans with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional descriptive and correlational survey study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used the Colonial Mentality Scale for Filipino Americans to measure colonial mentality and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire to measure self-management behaviours. The online survey was administered to Filipino Americans aged 18 or older with type 2 diabetes who resided in the United States. Recruitment was conducted from 2022 to 2023 through social media and Filipino American organisations. Data from 37 participants were analysed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, and Pearson's r correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically negative moderate association between two manifestations of colonial mentality (internalised cultural/ethnic inferiority and cultural shame) and several diabetes self-management behaviours: glucose control, healthcare use, and overall self-management. Colonial mentality manifestations were greater in males than in females, although not statistically significant. This is the first study to empirically examine the association between colonial mentality and diabetes self-management in Filipino Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Uniform for Narrating the Nurse in the Wheel of Time: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study.","authors":"Jacopo Fiorini, Anna Marchetti, Angela Infante, Michela Piredda, Alessandro Sili","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the symbolic and functional value that nurses attribute to their uniforms and profession.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>An interpretative phenomenological study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A purposeful sample of 15 nurses who designed their uniforms was enrolled between October 2022 and June 2023. A focus group was held to explore the participant-designed uniforms, and an ideographic analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main Experiential Statements emerged: nurses see their uniforms as tin armour, a wheel of time, and changes in time. Their professional and personal identities are shaped by their work, which also affects their time perception through past, present, and future perceptions. Nurses feel professionally motivated, even outside work, and despite society's recognition, uniforms symbolise their commitment. Nurses' identities are fused by the caring value, symbolised by their uniforms' evolution. Fostering self-worth and professional values among nurses may inspire them, reduce attrition, and boost their professional recognition.</p><p><strong>Implications for research and practice: </strong>The study emphasises that nurses embrace dual identities as both professionals and citizens, which are unified by their commitment to patient care. Even outside of work, nurses still identify with their profession. Recognising and valuing the role of nurses may encourage more students to pursue nursing and reduce turnover in the profession. Healthcare organisations should implement strategies that underscore the importance of nurses in patient care and how their professional and personal identities shape their lives.</p><p><strong>Reporting method: </strong>The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research checklist was used to conduct and report this study.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>No Patient or Public Contribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions to Increase Thriving Amongst Older People in Care Homes and Factors Contributing to Their Thriving Experience-A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ann-Sofie Silvennoinen, Harriet Finne-Soveri, Lisbeth Fagerström","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim was to map and describe the state of knowledge regarding interventions to promote thriving amongst older people in care homes and the factors that affect their experience of thriving.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A scoping review.</p><p><strong>Review methods: </strong>A scoping review based on the methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley and presented following the PAGER (Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for Practice, and Research recommendations) framework.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Five electronic databases were searched for studies published between 2012 and 2022. From a total of 185 studies found, 17 met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study recognised five factors that contribute to thriving: the resident's attitude towards living in a care home, the quality of care and caregivers, activities and interactions with others, qualities of the physical environment and health. Two studies reporting interventions were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This scoping review highlights the scarcity of knowledge regarding older people's experience of thriving in care homes. The review results could contribute to our understanding of the factors involved and interventions needed to improve thriving.</p><p><strong>Implications for the profession and/or patient care: </strong>The focus should be on education and the development of working methods that could improve thriving in care homes.</p><p><strong>Reporting method: </strong>The Prisma ScR-checklist was used.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>No patient or public contribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Documentation Used by the Nurses During the Transition From the Hospital to the Community Setting: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Rafael Paulino Cruz Matos Ferreira, Beatriz Ferreira Narciso, Afonso Ramos, Sara Mendes, Sara Palma, Óscar Manuel Ramos Ferreira, Cristina Lavareda Baixinho","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify the content of documentation used between hospital and community care and describe the communication mechanisms that allow the continuity of care.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>We conducted a scoping review following the JBI recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sources of the information used were obtained from the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases (via EBSCO), Web of Science, SCOPUS, Joanna Briggs Institute and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Additionally, grey literature was included. The databases searched from 2018 to 2023 for articles written in English and Portuguese. Two researchers independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third researcher adjudicated disagreements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We retrieved 3217 articles, of which 5 were included. Six themes were summarised from these articles: Communication and information between clinical practice environments; Discharge letter content; The use of technologies in healthcare communication; Client empowerment in information communication; Factors hindering the safe transition of information between hospital and community; and Benefits of secure information transition between hospital and community.</p><p><strong>Implications for the profession and/or patient care: </strong>The results allow systematisation of the information that should accompany the person at the time of discharge to ensure the continuity of transitional care, including the patient/family's own perception of their difficulties and needs.</p><p><strong>Reporting method: </strong>PRISMA 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ways to Cope With Paternal Postpartum Depression From Iranian Fathers' Perspective: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Zahra Yazdanpanahi, Ziba Taghizadeh, Mahboubeh Hajifoghaha, Seyedeh Tahereh Mirmolaei","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study explores coping strategies for fathers who have postpartum depression.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative content analysis was conducted in Shiraz, Iran, in 2020. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 fathers with postpartum depression selected through purposive sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated using social support networks, having hope for future, and acquiring new skills as ways to deal with paternal PPD. The first category has three subcategories: job support, family and relative supports, and empowered spouse. Positive attitude on having a child and belief in instability of life problems over time formed the category of having hope for the future. The third category included need for parenting and communication skills training and was named acquiring new skills. In this study, the fathers believed that there were some ways to cope with PPD. Therefore, families and health care providers should be aware and use these strategies to reduce depression.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>Yes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of an Evidence Ecosystem-Based Postoperative Pain Management Programme for Paediatric Patients.","authors":"Jin-Xia Yang, Yue Liu, Zhen Yu, Fang Zhang, Wen-Ying Yao, Guo-Ying Wang, Zi-Sheng Ai","doi":"10.1002/nop2.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nop2.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To construct an evidence ecosystem-based postoperative pain management programme for children with postoperative pain management.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A mixed research design that combines qualitative and quantitative studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to the literature search and analysis, the postoperative pain management programme for children was constructed from three aspects: assessment of pain intensity of children, management principles and management methods, and the preliminary draft of the programme was finally constructed to include three first-level entries and 11 second-level entries. In January-February 2023, the first draft of the postoperative pain management programme for children was developed based on a literature review using the ecosystem of evidence theory as the research framework; in March-April 2023, the postoperative pain management programme for children was revised and finalised through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the second round of expert consultation, the return rate of valid questionnaires was 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.83, the importance scores and feasibility scores of each entry were > 3.5, the coefficients of variation were < 0.25, the Kendall's harmony coefficients of the importance scores of the entries were 0.650 (χ² = 273.134, p < 0.001) and those of the feasibility scores were 0.649 (χ² = 272.720, p < 0.001). The resulting postoperative pain management programme for the affected patients included three level 1, 11 level 2 and eight level 3 entries.</p><p><strong>Patient or public contribution: </strong>The postoperative pain management programme for children constructed based on the evidence ecosystem is practical and scientific, but its effectiveness in clinical practice needs to be further verified by a controlled study design.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evidence ecosystem; paediatrics, surgery; pain; Delphi method.</p>","PeriodicalId":48570,"journal":{"name":"Nursing Open","volume":"12 3","pages":"e70167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}