National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Medication adherence among patients on concomitant tuberculosis and antiretroviral regimen in a tertiary care teaching hospital","authors":"MrunaliniVinay Kalikar, GaneshN Dakhale, Chaitali Chindhalore, Yogesh Tathod, AkhilBhagwan Giradkar, Amruta Giri","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Treatment of HIV–tuberculosis (TB) coinfected patients requires antitubercular and antiretroviral drugs to be administered concomitantly; challenges include pill burden, patient compliance, drug interactions, etc. The present study is planned to assess and compare the rate of adherence to TB medicines and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with HIV–TB coinfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out in the ART clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital in 146 patients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome coinfected with TB. Adherence to therapy was assessed using the Morisky eight-item medication adherence questionnaire. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-six patients participated in the study, of which 102 participants forgot to take the TB medication and 82 of the participants forgot to take ART sometimes. Furthermore, 78 participants did not take TB medicine, while 57 did not take ART in the past 2 weeks for reasons other than forgetfulness. These results were statistically significant. The sociodemographic factor significantly associated with low adherence to ART was addiction. In the Morisky eight-item medication adherence to TB drugs, 0.68% of patients showed high adherence, 17.8% of patients showed medium adherence, and 81.5% showed low adherence, whereas for ARV medicines, 0.68% of patients showed high adherence, 18.49% of patients showed medium adherence, and 80.82% showed low adherence. CONCLUSION: Adherence level obtained in this study was relatively low for both ARV and TB treatment. Patient’s affordability and forgetfulness are the major causes of nonadherence. Similarly, addiction is also one of the important causes of nonadherence to ARV treatment in our study.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological safety and intellectual bravery in simulation-based medical education","authors":"Hritika Sharma, AnantD Patil","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_24_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_24_23","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is known as a powerful instructional technique for teaching health-care students. Simulation has become an integral part of medicine and health-care teaching in few institutes in India, and there are certain challenges instructors/facilitators face on a regular basis. Psychological safety and intellectual bravery are some of these challenges. Timely recognition of these issues and implementation of a long-term solution may be useful to improve the experience of simulation-based learning and ultimately deliver better care to real-life patients. In this article, we discuss these specific challenges and the role of a simulation instructor in making learning environment safe for the participants in SBME.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioglitazone: Induced cancer of the urinary bladder","authors":"MManish Mohan, SwethaReba Mathews, Philip Finny, RS Jacob Jesurun","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_27_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_27_23","url":null,"abstract":"Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic drug belonging to the thiazolidinediones family and is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist. We report the case of a 71-year-old female with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who was on pioglitazone and developed tumor of the urinary bladder wall. This case report serves as a reminder of this life-threatening adverse reaction that can potentially occur with pioglitazone.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding in an adult female after consumption of itraconazole and Tinospora cordifolia","authors":"AnantD Patil","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_25_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Considering its favorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile and demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of superficial fungal infections, it is commonly used in dermatological clinical practice. This is a case report of the interaction between itraconazole and Tinospora cordifolia.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprofessional education as an elective for medical students","authors":"Suyog Sindhu, Ipshita Jain, Shreedhar Angadi","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_26_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_26_23","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Sir, It gives us immense pleasure to communicate our work in reference to a review article, “Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practices (IPECP) - need of the hour” published in the first issue of this esteemed journal. Sir, as per the Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2019, our goal as medical teachers is to create an Indian medical graduate (IMG) who is relevant not only in the Indian scenario but also globally. The National Medical Commission has laid the provision of electives for phase 3.1 students.[1] Keeping in mind the goal and grabbing the opportunity of elective, we made an attempt to take our baby step toward introducing the meaning of interprofessional education (IPE) to medical students. The elective entitled “incorporating IPE in medical curriculum” was taken up by four students, three males and one female, against the maximum capacity of five. The module for the elective was validated by the faculty, Department of Medical Education, KGMU. The students were not given any prior training in IPE. In fact, as per the preelective session feedback, it was evident that none of them had any idea about IPE. The feedback was taken by way of the questionnaire regarding their knowledge, attitude, and practice about IPE. During the elective period, the participants were taught about IPE through interactive sessions and then asked to visit wards and collect scenarios where they thought if the health-care workers had undergone IPE, the patient could have benefitted more. Thereafter, they discussed with me and wrote their reflections as shown in snapshots in Figure 1. Case 1 was that of a young patient with concomitant infections of HIV and TB. He and his wife were undergoing social stigma apart from the stress of the disease itself. The students pointed out the need of a psychological counselor, social worker, and empathetic health-care staff to work collaboratively for the holistic well-being of this patient. Case 2 was that of a communication gap between the attendant of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the nursing staff. Case 3 depicted that a lack of collaboration amid the doctor, nursing staff, and patient’s attendant led to conflict resulting in delayed treatment of the patient.Figure 1: (a) Case 1 part of reflections from student’s notes, (b) Case 2 part of reflections from student’s notes, and (c) Case 3 part of reflections from student’s notesThe above-documented and a few other cases discussed during the elective period acted as an eye-opener to the participants regarding the fact that IPE at the level of licensing years of health-care professionals can lead to successful collaborative practice in later years. In postelective feedback, all the participants agreed that the elective was interesting, and would be useful in their future careers as a health-care worker, and IPE must be incorporated into the medical curriculum. Few relevant suggestions were made as more medical students could be","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost variance analysis of antidepressant drugs available in the Indian Pharmaceutical Market between January 2023 and March 2023","authors":"AnkitaY Sawant, RanjitJagannath Wagh","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_28_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_28_23","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: Major depression is a neuropsychiatric condition, with a prevalence of 4.5% in the Indian population. It affects public health by causing huge economic disbursement. Previous studies show that Indian Pharmaceutical Market has price variations ranging from 21.53% to 1000% in various brands of the same antidepressant. AIMS: The aim of the study is to appraise the price variation analysis of various brands of antidepressant drugs. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is an analytical study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The prices of 30 antidepressant drugs available in 96 brands were obtained per unit from http://www.medguideindia.com and http://www.mims.com from January to March 2023. For each formulation percentage price variation, mode price and cost ratio were calculated and analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Percentage price variation, cost ratio, and mode price. RESULTS: Among oral antidepressants, the highest percentage of price variation and cost ratio was seen in tablet amitriptyline 50 mg of 3511.11% and 36.11, respectively, followed by tablet escitalopram 10 mg with price variation of 1005.09% and cost ratio of 11.05%. Furthermore, topical doxepin cream has a percentage price variation and cost ratio of 1331.29% and 14.31, respectively. Tablet imipramine 100 mg was found to have a mode price for all the available brands. CONCLUSIONS: Since there is a plethora of price variations for various brands of antidepressants, more stringent laws need to be made by the Government and drug regulatory authorities such as the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority. Generic antidepressants need to be made available at all times in various accessible drug stores where prices of the drugs are regularly monitored and are under constant price control.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acenocoumarol-induced skin necrosis","authors":"Supriya Malhotra, Kanisha Shah, Sapna Gupta","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_29_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_29_23","url":null,"abstract":"Coumarin derivative, oral anticoagulants are one of the most common medications responsible for skin necrosis. The common complications of coumarin therapy are subcutaneous hemorrhage, intramuscular hematoma, visceral intramural bleeding, and cutaneous reactions, whereas skin necrosis is a rare and unpredictable complication of coumarin therapy. Here, we are reporting an unordinary adverse drug reaction (ADR) of anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis involving acenocoumarol. Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant medication that is used to prevent blood clots.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antidepressant effect of palonosetron in Swiss albino mice","authors":"Jyoti Sharma, Jyoti Kaushal, Smriti Chawla","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_31_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_31_23","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Serotonin is one of the most important neurotransmitters influencing mental health and a potential target for pharmacological treatments. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT3) receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, mainly used for the management of acute and delayed cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis, have shown antidepressant effects in various studies. Another 5HT3 antagonist, palonosetron approved for delayed cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis, has yet not been studied for antidepressant effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Swim despair test was used for the evaluation of antidepressant effect. Swiss Albino mice were used for the test. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 each to receive following 4 treatments by intraperitoneal (i.p) route: Group 1 Vehicle, i.e., normal saline (0.1 mL/10 g of body weight i.p.), Group 2: fluoxetine (18 mg/kg i.p), Group 3: palonosetron (0.025 mg/kg i.p), and Group 4: palonosetron (0.05 mg/kg i.p). Efficacy was assessed by the recording of the immobility period after 1 h and 24 h of drug administration. RESULTS: Palonosetron in both doses decreased the immobility time and increased the swimming time depicting antidepressant activity as compared to control. Palonosetron in the dose of 0.05 mg/kg (higher dose) showed a statistically significant (P = 0.000) decrease in the period of immobility at 1 h and 24 h, respectively, as compared to control. Palonosetron in low dose, i.e., 0.025 mg/kg showed decrease in the period of immobility at 1 h and 24 h as compared to the control but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Palonosetron, 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, the drug used for amelioration of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, has been found to possess antidepressant activity.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of analgesic activity of Shorea robusta extracts in Wistar rats","authors":"None Praveen, LD Srinivas","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown presence of flavonoids in Shorea species. Flavanoids halt prostaglandin synthetase. Prostaglandins are involved in pain perception. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic leaf extracts in albino wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta leaf extract 300mg/kg/bw was prepared . Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups i.e control, test & standard, each group with 6 animals each . SRE 300 mg/kg/ bw was administered orally to test group . Tramadol 10 mg/kg/bw was administered orally to standard group & NS 10ml/kg/bw was administerd to control group. Analgesic activity measured by tailflick method & hot plate method. Reaction time noted. Statistical analysis done. RESULTS: Study showed significant peripheral analgesic activity as evidenced by increase in raction time to tailflick method. CONCLUSION: Shorea robusta leaf extract (300 mg/kg/bw) has good peripheral analgesic action.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the treatment of monkeypox drugs and vaccines","authors":"PriyadharsiniRaman Palanisamy, Dhivya Elango, Vimala Ananthy, Umamaheswari Subramanian","doi":"10.4103/njpt.njpt_18_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njpt.njpt_18_23","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox disease is caused by virus belonging to Orthopoxviridae family. There was a sudden rise in outbreak of the monkeypox cases, and it was hypothesized that the smallpox eradication and stoppage of smallpox vaccination are the reasons for the increase in the number of cases. The patient infected with monkeypox presents with symptoms such as rash, fever, body pain, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. The diagnosis of monkeypox is done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The drug therapy includes antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. Tecovirimat was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for smallpox under “animal rule” because it is unethical to perform human studies after the eradication of smallpox in 1980. The drug was used under compassionate use or expanded access for monkeypox. Cidofovir is originally approved for cytomegalovirus retinitis and brincidofovir is approved in June 2021 for the treatment of smallpox. The vaccines include JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 which are given as 2 doses and 1 dose, respectively. JYNNEOS vaccine is comparatively safer with less adverse effects compared to ACAM2000. The vaccines are used for either preexposure or postexposure prophylaxis. The symptomatic management of monkeypox includes antipyretics for fever, intravenous fluids for dehydration, antihistamines for itching pruritus, and antibiotics for secondary infections. The most common methods of prevention of monkeypox include avoiding contact with the infected animal or person and washing hands after any contact with an infected person. This review gives an overview regarding the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of monkeypox.","PeriodicalId":485591,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}