Антенны最新文献

{"title":"Integrated factor of efficiency of antenna system using in the radar","authors":"V. V. Zadorozhnyj","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202304-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202304-03","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated efficiency factors are used not only at the design stage, but also in the case of choosing a ready-made system. In this case, the purpose of the research is to get an answer to the question of the expediency of its purchase (deployment), or monitoring the effectiveness of the system during its operation and developing proposals for optimizing the ways of its use and modernization. Since any system has limited resources when solving assignment tasks, it is necessary to develop a generalized efficiency factor from the standpoint of analyzing the effective allocation of radar resources when using antenna systems of various types in its composition. The aim of the article is to increase the efficiency of the use of radar resources in the antenna system. Achieving this goal includes solving the following tasks: substantiation of an integrated efficiency factor of the use of the antenna system in the radar, the use of an integrated efficiency factor to compare different types of antenna systems in the radar. А comparison of the efficiency of using a digital antenna array (DAA) with two-dimensional electronic scanning of the radiation pattern and parallel space surveillance, a reflector antenna, a passive phased antenna array with one-dimensional scanning, as well as an active phased antenna array with one-dimensional scanning and parallel space surveillance has been performed. It has been shown that the efficiency of using a DAR with two-dimensional electronic scanning is 2.3...15.6 times higher than the efficiency of other types of antenna systems. The proposed efficiency factor makes it possible to compare the efficiency of the use of radar resources when using different types of antenna systems, taking into account the features of their construction and the requirements for the purpose of the radar.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave lens ray tracing method as a tool for optimizing the parameters of beamforming circuits of antenna arrays","authors":"V. A. Kochetkov, I. Yu. Lysanov, I. V. Soldatikov, N. V. Shishkin","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202304-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202304-05","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, a microwave lens tracing method is studied, which takes into account the influence of the beam-forming circuit elements on the amplitude distribution of the field over the antenna array aperture and multiple reflections of rays inside the lens cavity. An approach has been used that makes it possible to simulate the structure of microwave lenses and take into account the effect of mutual bonds inside the lens body. The proposed procedures are aimed at reducing time costs in the design of lens-type beam-forming circuits in antenna arrays of radio electronic equipment in the microwave-EHF wavelength ranges. The results of comparison of the ray tracing method and electrodynamic modeling of microwave lenses have been presented.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonstationary plane wave incidence on the perfectly conducting structures. Part 2. Diffraction of a nonstationary plane wave on the perfectly conducting sphere","authors":"N. I. Kuzikova","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202304-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202304-01","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the incidence of a nonstationary plane wave on a perfectly conducting sphere. To find the current on the surface of the sphere, the well-known solution of the problem in the frequency domain has been used and the transition from the real frequency to the complex variable has been performed. Expressions for calculating the current on the sphere have been obtained using the residue formula. Graphs and vector images of the current have been plotted, which make it possible to observe its changes during the propagation of the incident wave. You can specify the following time intervals, differing in current distribution. At 0 < t < a/c, the current on the illuminated part of the sphere is close to the current determined in the geometrical optics approximation. In this case, there is naturally no current in the shadow region. For a/c < t < a/c + (π/2)a/c, a diffraction current appears in the shadow region, which turns out to be small compared to the current in the illuminated region. In the a/c + (π/2)a/c < t < a/c + πa/c, the current distribution on the sphere surface rapidly approaches the steady-state distribution. In the steady state, the streamlines represent circles obtained by sectioning the sphere with planes orthogonal to the magnetic field of the incident wave. At t > a/c + πa/c, the current practically does not change, and the steady-state distribution is preserved.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General method for ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic equipment located on the top platforms of towers or masts, when adding new radio-electronic equipment using metamaterial screens","authors":"M. A. Buzova, A. V. Shlyakhov","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202304-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202304-06","url":null,"abstract":"When placing a newly introduced antenna-feeder device (AFD) on the upper platforms of towers or masts, the electromagnetic situation at the facility as a whole changes significantly. At the same time, traditional means of ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of radio electronic equipment (REE) may not be enough. Therefore, an urgent task is to develop methods for providing EMC of REE of such systems. The aim of the article is to develop and numerically implement a methodology for providing EMC of REE located on the upper platforms of towers or masts, when adding a new REE using electromagnetic shields based on a metamaterial. The numerically obtained results of optimizing the placement of the newly introduced AFD and the metamaterial screen on the upper platform of a typical tower showed the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed technique. The proposed method for providing EMC of REE can be used to select the optimal location of the newly introduced AFD on the upper platforms of towers or masts in terms of providing EMC of REE.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ray phase verification at the Cassegrain antenna aperture","authors":"M. A. Zheksenov, A. S. Petrov","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202304-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202304-02","url":null,"abstract":"Large sections in textbooks and monographs on antenna technology, as well as publications in numerous periodicals are devoted to Cassegrain two-mirror antennas. In them it is possible to find various ratios for calculating the dimensions of the structural elements of the antenna system, which, at the same time, need preliminary verification of their accuracy by checking of the ray phase at the exit of the paraboloid aperture. In addition, it is necessary to develop a procedure for assessing the sensitivity of the system to the phase mismatch of the output rays at the antenna aperture caused by the deviation of the actual dimensions of the structural elements from the calculated ones. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for estimating the in-phase output rays at the aperture of the Cassegrain antenna parabolic mirror at the calculated values of the design parameters, as well as when they deviate from the nominal values. A simple method of computer-aided configuration construction of the ray structure in a two-mirror Cassegrain antenna has been developed. The influence of the deviation of the emitter position from a given starting point, as well as the shift of the focus of the counter-reflector from the focus of the parabola on the phasing of the rays has been investigated. The presented methodology makes it possible to verify the applicability of the calculated ratios borrowed from the literature. The presented method of estimating the common phase of the rays at the aperture of the Cassegrain antenna may be useful for the rapid verification of the ratios used in the design of its geometric structure. Also it can be used to estimate the permissible deviations of the geometric dimensions of the elements from the nominal values. Finally, the visibility of the focus graphic illustration facilitates the rejection of obviously unacceptable antenna implementation options.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the trajectory signal processing in the distributed radar when rotating the joint set of transmitting and receiving antennas","authors":"B. G. Tatarsky, А. V. Arkhipov","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202304-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202304-04","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the resolution of ground survey radar systems (radars) makes it possible to obtain images of ground objects and the observed surface with high quality. At the same time, as it is known, the most difficult is to provide high resolution radar by angular coordinate. The method based on synthesis of artificial aperture allows to increase significantly the angular resolution of airborne radar. The capabilities of a radar station with synthesis of antenna aperture (SAR) in angular resolution are determined by the structure of the spatial and temporal trajectory signal formed in the process of synthesis. In this case, the resolution is determined by the angular size of the synthesized aperture. The purpose of this article is to consider the features of the trajectory signal structure and its processing during synthesis of an artificial antenna aperture in a distributed radar station consisting of a set of two receiving and one receiving-transmitting modules rotating in a circle. It is required to analyze the trajectory signal structure and evaluate the potentially achievable angular resolution capabilities of a distributed radar station when synthesizing an artificial antenna aperture under conditions of rotation of a spatially spaced set of phase centers of real antennas. To analyze the structure of the trajectory signal generated in a distributed radar station, we have considered the geometry of the problem, because it determines the change in the current distance between the phase center of the antennas and the observation object and is the main generating factor of the arising modulation of this signal. An informative tool for analyzing the characteristics of radar systems with synthesis of antenna aperture by potential resolution, is the analysis of the output response of the optimal trajectory signal processing system. The direct convolution method has been used to obtain the responses. Evaluation of the efficiency of coherent processing of the trajectory signals formed at the separated reception points has been carried out by computer simulation. From the simulation results presented in the figures in the article, it can be seen that the coherent processing of the trajectory signal formed at the separated receiving points during rotation of the phase center of real antennas, allows to increase the azimuth resolution of the radar. Thus, the results presented in the article show that rotation of the separated phase centers of the antennas of the receiving and receiving and transmitting modules within a range of up to 120 degrees provides the formation of a synthesized aperture when processing the trajectory signal from the observed target at each receiving point. The best azimuth resolution is obtained by processing the trajectory signal at the location of the transceiver module antenna. When coherent processing of trajectory signals formed at separated receiving points is performed together, the azimuth resolution of the radar station i","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of errors on the directional characteristics of a phased antenna array with an arbitrary arrangement of elements","authors":"V. V. Biryukov, E. I. Kryuchkov, A. S. Raevsky, V. V. Shcherbakov","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202302-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202302-05","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, various types of antenna arrays (AA) are widely used in radio navigation, radar and telecommunication systems. They have a number of advantages related to the possibilities of electronic control of their characteristics and adaptation to signal-interference conditions compared to single emitters. To create the required shape of the radiation pattern, as well as the orientation of its maximum in space, it is necessary to send signals of a certain amplitude and phase to the AA elements, so to form an appropriate amplitude-phase distribution (APD). The error in setting the APD, along with errors in the alignment and determination of the position of the phase centers of individual emitters, have a significant impact on the parameters and characteristics of the AA. Errors in the installation of elements on the canvas of the AA and the deviation of their power supply from the calculated APD lead to a decrease in characteristics, which can be assessed by three criteria: a decrease in directivity (antenna gain); an increase in the level of the side lobes; a change in the accuracy of the installation and the shape of the main beam. An analytical expression for calculating the error can be obtained only for cases of an ordered arrangement of AA elements. The article presents the results of the analysis of the influence of technological errors on the directional characteristics of an AA with an arbitrary arrangement of antenna elements. Statistical averaging of an ensemble of realizations obtained by performing multiple calculations with random sets of parameters is used for the analysis. The laws of probability distribution can be any. The results of calculations for uniformly distributed errors are given as an example.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136231587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of a saltwater film on a radio-transparent dome on the amplitude-phase distribution of a millimeter-range antenna","authors":"M. Yu. Zvezdina, A. M. Shaposhnikova, Yu. A. Shokova","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202302-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202302-01","url":null,"abstract":"Transition of communication systems installed on naval ships to the millimeter range requires an analysis of the effect of the saltwater film formed on the radio-transparent dome (RTD) on the radiotechnical characteristics of the mirror antenna. The latter are determined by the amplitude-phase distribution in the antenna aperture, so the topic of research is relevant. The objective of the article is to analyze the effect of the salt-water film on the surface of a marine mounted RTD, as well as the effect of millimeter wavelength antenna placement inside the RTD on the distortion of the field generated in the outer region. It has been shown that when installing millimeter-wave range antennas on a naval ship under a radio-transparent dome it is necessary to consider the distortions introduced by the water film on the dome surface into the generated amplitude-phase distribution when calculating the radio technical characteristics. We do so because most of the known methods for calculating the directivity characteristics of mirror antennas are based on the known amplitude-phase distribution in the antenna aperture. In the paper, the influence of the spherical dome wall and the saltwater film on the amplitude-phase distribution is taken into account as follows. Distortions in the amplitude distribution are caused by energy losses of the electromagnetic wave due to the passage of the curved dielectric wall at different angles. Phase distribution losses are due to the phase shift from the original phase as the dome wall is passed through at different angles. The angles of radio wave entry into the dome wall depend on the location of the antenna inside the radio-transparent dome. The electrical parameters of the saltwater film are determined using the well-known ITU methodology, while its thickness is found using the Gibbs formula, assuming that sea spray is similar to the intensity of drizzle rain. The studies have been conducted for the highest stiffness mode. Studies for a single-mirror antenna with a parabolic reflector 5.4 m in diameter and a radio-transparent dome 18 m in diameter showed that the water film influence is manifested in the phase front distortion, as well as a symmetry violation of the generated amplitude distribution. The degree of water salinity is manifested mainly in the distortion of the phase distribution. This is due to the fact that the electrical parameters of salt and fresh water do not differ much. The detected distortions are stronger for the horizontally polarized waves and in the case when the antenna swing center is offset with respect to the dome symmetry line. The detected patterns allow to give a scientific justification for the choice of the amplitude-phase distribution of the mirror antenna when installing it inside the RTD on the naval ship.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136231590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and research of syntactic foams for antenna devices parts manufacture","authors":"L. I. Bakina, A. N. Golubev, V. L. Zefirov, L. A. Khasyanova, V. A. Shipulina","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202302-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202302-07","url":null,"abstract":"Foam plastics are always widely used in antenna-feeder systems due to the low values of the dielectric constant ε and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle tgδ. Structural elements of such antennas are usually made by gluing blanks cut from expanded polystyrene plates or from filling polyurethane foam. However, these methods turned out to be low-tech due to the high labor intensity of the process, the inhomogeneity of the dielectric properties of structures and the unsatisfactory quality of the painted surface due to the low chemical resistance of these materials to solvents of paint and varnish materials. Syntactic foams, which are a special type of gas-filled polymers, in which hollow spherical filler particles are distributed, in comparison with traditional foams, have increased mechanical strength, electrical strength, resistance to climatic factors, less density difference and better surface quality. It is the advantages of syntactic foams listed above that make them relevant materials in the manufacture of structural elements of antennas. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of obtaining products from low-density syntactic foam by combining an expandable polymer matrix with a filler in the form of hollow glass microspheres. The limits of filling the polymer matrix by the filler have been established. The material dielectric characteristics (dielectric constant ε and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle tgδ) and strength (compression stress at 10% deformation) characteristics have been investigated. The resistance of the material to the influence of climatic factors has been investigated. The technology of manufacturing the product by the flooding method has been developed. Also the effect of paint and varnish coatings on surface quality and dielectric characteristics of foams of low density has been investigated. The obtained results can be used to create structural elements of antennas.","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136231588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical model of phased array antenna aperture in the presence of errors in the position of antenna elements","authors":"D. D. Gabrielyan, K. M. Zanin, D. S. Fedorov","doi":"10.18127/j03209601-202302-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j03209601-202302-06","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the directional characteristics of a phased array antenna is one of the main problems in the development of an antenna. The key issue in carrying out this analysis is an adequate representation of the directional characteristics of the phased array antenna with known directional patterns and the set-up as part of the aperture of antenna elements. There are many works considering the directional characteristics of the antenna, taking into account the mutual connection between the antenna elements. A number of works are devoted to the study of the directional characteristics of a phased array antenna in the presence of random errors of the amplitude-phase distribution in the radiating aperture. However, the issues related to the influence of the antenna elements installation error in the radiating aperture on the directional characteristics of the phased array antenna practically did not receive their consideration. With this in mind, this article discusses a mathematical model of the radiating aperture of a phased array antenna in the presence of errors in the antenna elements installation. At the same time, the installation error means not only the displacement of the antenna elements, but also its rotation relative to three axes, due to a violation of the shape of the radiating aperture. The objective of the article is to investigate the influence of the antenna element installation errors, including the displacement and reversal of the antenna elements in the radiating aperture, on the directional characteristics of the phased array antenna, based on strict consideration of the relationship between the directional characteristics of the phased array antenna and the parameters of the antenna elements installation in the radiating aperture. The main results obtained in the article are as follows. 1. A mathematical model of the radiating aperture of the phased array antenna, taking into account the errors of installation of the antenna elements in the aperture, including displacement of the phase center of the antenna elements and rotation of the antenna elements relative to the plane of the radiating aperture at three angles. 2. Investigation of the main patterns of changes in the directional characteristics of the phased array antenna due to the presence of errors in the antenna elements installation in the radiating aperture of the phased array antenna. In particular, errors in the installation of antenna elements practically do not lead to a change in the main beam either in width or in level. The most significant changes in the directional characteristics are manifested as follows: the structure and level of the side lobes of the directional patterns of the phased array antenna change; there is a cross-polarized component in the directional pattern, which, unlike the main component, is weakly directional. The developed mathematical model and the obtained simulation results allow us to determine the relationship between the par","PeriodicalId":485428,"journal":{"name":"Антенны","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136231589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}