Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Risk Factors for Hypertension in Patients with Stroke Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Iqbal Haider, Aliena Badshah, Shafaat Ur Rahman, Maaz Ullah, Muhammad Fayyaz, Wazir Mohammad","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.469","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of hypertension in stroke patients presenting to the tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. This study spanned months and included 225 patients of either gender who had stroke symptoms within the preceding 72 hours. Detailed information was documented in age (in years), residence, gender, educational qualification, family history of hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and duration. SPSS version 26.0 was used.RESULTSThis study’s age ranged from 41 to 80 years, with a mean age of 61.0046.69. The mean duration of hypertension was 3.052±0.85 years. Hypertension was seen in 42.2% of patients. Factors leading to hypertension in stroke patients were age 40.8%, urban area 42%, illiteracy 36.2%, positive family history 61.9%, diabetes mellitus 65.2%, smoking 33.3%, obesity 85.3%, and dyslipidemia 71.8%. CONCLUSION Significant risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, and positive family history.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"20-Gauge vs. 23-Gauge Vitrectomy, in Terms of Surgically Induced Astigmatism","authors":"Muhammad Tariq Khan, Shafqat Ali Shah, Kaleem Ullah, None Muhammad Bilal","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.487","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES To compare the post-operative (post-op) surgically induced mean astigmatism in patients undergoing 20-gauge- and 23-gauge vitrectomy. METHODOLOGY Sixty patients were enrolled. Relevant information was recorded in a Performa for each patient. Patients were randomly grouped into A (20-gauge) and B (23-gauge) groups. Astigmatism was recorded by a single technician using the same keratometer for all patients. A single surgeon operated on all patients. Post-operatively, all patients were re-examined after 1 week and 6 weeks, and their surgically induced astigmatism was recorded. RESULTSOf 60 patients, 58.6% were males, and 41.4% were females, with a mean age of 53.77 ± 9.63 years. The post-operative astigmatism difference between the two vitrectomy procedures was investigated. In the 20-gauge group, with 30 patients, the mean post-operative astigmatism difference was 2.21 D (±0.66 SD), with a standard error mean of 0.12. In the 23-gauge group, with 30 patients, the mean post-operative astigmatism difference was 0.74 D (±0.44 SD), with a standard error mean of 0.08. The degrees of freedom (df) were 58, and the standard error of the difference was 0.145. The t-value was calculated at 10.1504, and the p-value was found to be 0.001, indicating a significant difference. CONCLUSION The observation that the 20-gauge group displayed a notably higher mean difference in astigmatism than the 23-gauge group suggests a potential association between the choice of vitrectomy procedure and the extent of astigmatism alteration in post-operative outcomes.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Knowledge among Unmarried Women Seeking Care at Secondary Healthcare Facilities","authors":"Nargis Kamal","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.445","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the level of awareness regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among young, unmarried females attending secondary healthcare institutions. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted at a rural hospital between January 2022 and December 2022. Ethical clearance was obtained prior to data collection. A pre-designed proforma was employed to gather information from participants visiting the Out-patient Department (OPD). Data collection utilized a non-probability sampling technique, and subsequent analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. RESULTSThe study’s findings pertaining to knowledge levels, participants with no formal education constituted 24.03%, while 6.20% had completed high school and 3.87% held master’s degrees. Information on PCOS was relayed by sisters/cousins (13.17%) and mothers (20.25%), and 32.55% expressed hesitancy in seeking information due to shyness. Menstrual irregularities included polymenorrhagia (24%), oligomenorrhea (33%), amenorrhea (15%), and irregular periods (28%). Clinical deviations encompassed menstrual abnormalities (37%), abnormal male hair type distribution (12%), infertility (16%), mood disorder (7%), dyslipidemia (17%), and hypertension (11%). CONCLUSION The study underscores the need for well-structured educational initiatives to enhance comprehensive awareness of PCOS symptoms, facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately improve overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of a New Era in Orthopaedic and Spine Medicine: Advancements and Specialization in Pakistan's Healthcare Landscape","authors":"Samir Khan Kabir","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.543","url":null,"abstract":"In a remarkable transformation, the landscape of medical science, including Orthopaedic and Spine care, is rapidly evolving. Even in regions like Pakistan, characterized as third-world countries, healthcare is swiftly adopting the latest techniques, technologies, and research predominantly originating from the Western world. The origins of Orthopaedic Surgery in Pakistan trace back to the era when General Surgeons initially handled these responsibilities. However, the true development of Orthopaedic specialization began in the 1970s when the necessity for dedicated Orthopaedic treatment became evident. This marked the inception of the Orthopaedic era in the country. By the early 2000s, many medical professionals opted for this specialization, leading to a saturation point that paved the way for sub-specializations within Orthopaedics. These sub-specialities include Periotic, Trauma, Hand, Oncology, Arthroplasty, Sports, and Spine.1 Between 2000 and 2015, these sub-specialties also progressed to a saturation point, prompting a demand for even more specialized expertise. Over the past 5 to 8 years, each sub-speciality has further fragmented, with individuals or teams dedicated to refining systems that provide superior management of pathologies, thus enhancing prognoses and patient outcomes.2 This evolution has seen the emergence of both sub-specialties and super-specialties, reflecting the contemporary medical practice needs. The trajectory is clear: as exposure and practical experience accumulate, a cadre of experts will naturally emerge within these specialized domains. The domain of Spine specialization, once regarded with apprehension due to its challenging nature and variable outcomes, has been revolutionized by integrating cutting-edge technology, advanced surgical techniques, and in-depth research. Distinct categories within the Spine speciality have emerged, spanning Trauma, Oncology, Deformity Correction, Degenerative Spine, and Infection.3 These intricate surgeries are now performed using minimally invasive techniques, informed by meticulous research prioritizing anatomical precision. These advancements involve smaller incisions, real-time X-ray guidance, and even endoscopic approaches for enhanced operative field visualization. This curtails inflammatory responses and expedites patient recovery, facilitating earlier discharge from medical facilities. A noteworthy addition to Pakistan’s Spine surgery landscape is the introduction of Endoscopic Spine Surgery. Over the past half-decade, many Neuro and Orthopaedic Spine Surgeons have sought training in this cutting-edge super-specialty. The procedure offers substantial advantages such as same-day patient discharge and quicker return to normal routines. Presently, only a handful of centres in the country provide this innovative treatment modality, marking a significant stride in Spine care.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Assessment of Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Specimens and its Correlation with Tumor Size and Grade","authors":"Zara Madiha, Shahila Jalil, Saroash Iqbal, Zainab Jamil, Saniyah Ali, Sara Sadiq, Fariha Sahrish","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.473","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES To determine the histopathological assessment of microvascular invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Resection Specimens and its correlation with tumour size and grade. METHODOLOGY This retrospective cross-sectional study included the biopsy-proven Hepatocellular (HCC) case with microvascular invasion (MVI) noted in the resected specimens evaluated by two independent consultants Histopathologists. The exclusion criteria were; all patients below 18 years, unfixed autolyzed samples, and incomplete requisition-filled forms. Numerical data, i.e., patient age and tumour size, are presented as mean with standard deviation. Categorical variables, i.e., tumour size, grade, and presence or absence of MVI, were submitted as numbers with percentages. Continuous variables, i.e., tumour size and differentiation grade, were assessed using the Chi-square test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTSMost patients, 34.4%, fall into the age group of 47-70. Most patients were males, 63.6%, and microvascular invasion was noted in 49.09% of cases. Most cases were of moderate to poorly differentiated tumours, 80.0%. MVI was statistically significant with the grade of the tumour. CONCLUSION Microvascular invasion is an important prognostic marker noted in a surgical resection specimen. Although the exact definition and risk stratification is unclear, survival studies have proven that MVI is associated with poor outcomes.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Critical Care Nurses in Peshawar, Pakistan and Kunming, China: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sajad Hussain, Tariq Siraj Qazi, Zhang YING, Adil AHMAD, Liu XIANG, Kamran Shehzad","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.449","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES To find the level of compliance and the associated factors of compliance with standard precautions among registered nurses. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study was conducted during March and August 2020 in four hospitals, two from each country; Pakistan and China. Data was gathered through a modified version of the adopted questionnaire from 424 registered nurses, selected by a simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26. RESULTSThe overall compliance with SPs among registered nurses in Pakistan was 57.1%, and among the respondents from China was 75.2%. Gender, age and working area were associated with the compliance of SPs. Female nurses from China are 1.72 times less compliant, while the increasing age of Pakistani nurses increases the risk for non-compliance with SPs by 1.7 times. Participants working in Emergency Department in Pakistan were 2.07 times less compliant than those working in Intensive Care Unit/Coronary Care Unit (ICU/CCU). Lack of training increases the risk of being 2.9 times more non-compliant. For Chinese Nurses, less knowledge and a lack of resources were associated with non-compliance in both countries nurses. CONCLUSION Noteworthy numbers of nurses were found non-compliant with standard precaution practices in both study populations. Therefore, strategies like regular training on standard precautions, availability of Personal Protective Equipment and policymaking may improve compliance with SPs practice.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Malpresentation in Patients Presenting with Polyhydramnios during Pregnancy at Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"None Shomaila, Romana Bibi, None Shahinda, None Salma, Nayyab Qayyum, Laila Khan","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.478","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of malpresentation in pregnant women with polyhydramnios. METHODOLOGY This Cross-Sectional Study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from March 2021 to September 2021. A total of 175 pregnant women with polyhydramnios were included in the study. Ultrasound was done to make a diagnosis of malpresentation. RESULTSThe age range of pregnant women in this study was from 18-40 years with a mean age of 31.137±3.67 years, mean gestational age of 34.022±2.78 weeks, mean parity of 2.537±1.69 and mean AFI level was 29.017±2.32 cm. A previous history of malpresentation was seen in 25.7% of patients. Malpresentation was observed in 10.3% of patients. The previous history of malpresentation and polyhydramnios had strong statistical significance with current malpresentation (p<0.01). CONCLUSION With the timely diagnosis of polyhydramnios with documentation on ultrasound by an expert radiologist and clinical examination by a gynaecologist, malpresentation can be reduced significantly by prompt treatment.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Stabilization for Post-Operative Discitis Patients Concerning Pain Relief and Functional Outcomes","authors":"Abdul Sattar, None Samir Khan Kabir, Muhammad Zahid Khan, Muhammad Waqar Khan, Muhammad Arif Khan","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.538","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study evaluated pain relief and functional outcomes in patients who underwent surgical stabilization following post-operative discitis. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic and Spine Surgery, Peshawar. The study duration spanned from 2020-2023. The inclusion criteria for participants involved patients who had experienced post-operative discitis and subsequently underwent surgical stabilization, with a stipulated minimum follow-up period of two weeks. Pain relief was measured using the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for back and leg pain, while functional outcomes were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The acquired data were subjected to analysis utilizing SPSS version 26.0. RESULTSOut of the 35, 51.4% were male, and 48.6% were female, with a mean age of 47.5 years (SD ± 10.9 years). The most frequently affected lumbar spine level was L4-L5 in 57.1% of patients. 31.4% were smokers, and 45.7% had comorbidities, primarily consisting of diabetes or hypertension. Significant improvements were observed for back pain (baseline: 9.29 ± 0.71, post-stabilization: 5.37 ± 1.47, p = 0.001) and leg pain (baseline: 3.32 ± 2.17, post-stabilization: 1.91 ± 1.02, p = 0.001). Functional outcomes also showed substantial recovery (baseline: 51.57 ± 6.91, post-stabilization: 34.89 ± 6.85, p = 0.001). Preoperatively, the patients exhibited a spectrum of disability levels, with 29% experiencing severe disability. After two weeks of surgical intervention, substantial improvement was noted, 6% had severe disability. At the last follow-up, only 1% remained severely disabled, underlining the significant enhancement in functional outcomes post-stabilization. CONCLUSION Surgical stabilization is associated with significant pain relief and improved functional outcomes in patients with post-operative discitis.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135408330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Bilateral Foot Drop in a Young Girl","authors":"Muhammad Inam, Shah Fahad","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.516","url":null,"abstract":"Acute unilateral foot drop is a well-known entity, but bilateral foot drop in progressive fashion is rare. In particular, slow-progressing bilateral foot drop occurs with various metabolic causes, as in anorexia nervosa, hypothyroid myopathy, Crohn’s disease, and post-electroconvulsive therapy. Parasagittal intracranial and spinal pathologies and cauda equine may also cause progressive bilateral foot drop. This case is presented with bilateral foot drop due to common peroneal nerve entrapment.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Lip Paresthesia in a Patient With Carious Mandibular Premolar: A Case Report","authors":"Hira Butt, Maria Jabbar, Sadaf Amjad Khawaja","doi":"10.37762/jgmds.10-4.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.10-4.353","url":null,"abstract":"Several dental operations, including local anaesthetic administrations, wisdom teeth procedures, orthognathic surgical treatments, ablative operations, implantation, and root canal therapy, can cause numbness and tingling of the inferior alveolar nerve. The present case report explains a case report of lower lip paresthesia arising due to carious mandibular premolar.","PeriodicalId":484278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Gandhara medical and dental sciences","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}