{"title":"Consciousness Understood as Contrast, Complexity and Emergence","authors":"Mariusz Stanowski","doi":"10.1142/s2705078524500048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2705078524500048","url":null,"abstract":"Consciousness still remains puzzling and controversial. This paper demonstrates that at general and objective level, for understanding consciousness it is necessary to understand such fundamental concepts as contrast, interaction, complexity and emergence. New definitions of these terms are provided as they are erroneous or incomplete in their current form. The result of these investigations is the explanation that consciousness is the sensation of energy interaction (like the sensation of touch or pain), but in a more complex form. This objective explanation and the resulting conclusions have been applied to the study of artificial intelligence consciousness and creativity. Specific solutions have been proposed here.","PeriodicalId":484258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of artificial intelligence and consciousness","volume":"89 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can We Think Machines are Conscious? A Survey of Philosophical Problems Facing the Attribution of Consciousness to Machines","authors":"Parker Settecase","doi":"10.1142/s2705078524500073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2705078524500073","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I’ll examine whether we could be justified in attributing consciousness to artificial intelligent systems. First, I’ll give a brief history of the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and get clear on the terms I’ll be using. Second, I’ll briefly review the kinds of AI programs on offer today, identifying which research program I think provides the best candidate for machine consciousness. Lastly, I’ll consider the three most plausible ways of knowing whether a machine is conscious: (1) an AI demonstrates a sufficient level of organizational similarity to that of a human thinker, (2) an inference to the best explanation, and (3) what I call “punting to panpsychism”, i.e., the idea that if everything is conscious, then we get machine consciousness in AI for free. However, I argue that all three of these methods for attributing machine consciousness are inadequate since they each face serious philosophical problems which I will survey and specifically tailor to each method.","PeriodicalId":484258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of artificial intelligence and consciousness","volume":"1 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Birth–Death Toy Model for a Measure of Consciousness","authors":"Enrique Canessa","doi":"10.1142/s2705078524500012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2705078524500012","url":null,"abstract":"The ancient Ouroboros symbolism (one who eats oneself) is here integrated into a simple birth–death clustering process that needed nothing but itself for a transition from indistinguishable phases to a sort of higher-level “conscious” phases. Birth and death coefficients are formulated in terms of odd and even exponentials used to represent a suitable form for conscious states via the internal transfer of information. This toy model may ideally quantify conscious states having inner causes via an Ouroboros index 0 < [Formula: see text] < 1. The value [Formula: see text] = 0 lends to infinite loops and the limiting values [Formula: see text] →1 disclose transformation into awareness. Relationships with physics theories of consciousness and the use of the Ouroboros index to discern about conscious-like states in Artificial Intelligence systems are discussed. Consciousness and freedom of will may go side-by-side in the model when [Formula: see text] is extended to be a complex number modulus.","PeriodicalId":484258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of artificial intelligence and consciousness","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Generic Model of Consciousness","authors":"M. J. Hadley","doi":"10.1142/s2705078523500030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2705078523500030","url":null,"abstract":"This is a model of consciousness. The hard problem of consciousness, what it feels like, is answered. The work builds on medical research analyzing the source and mechanisms associated with our feelings. It goes further by describing a generic model with wide applicability. The model is fully consistent with medical pathways in humans, but easily extends to animals and artificial intelligence (AI). The essence of the model is the interplay between associative memory and physiology. The model is a clear and concrete counterexample to the famous philosophical objections to a scientific explanation.","PeriodicalId":484258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of artificial intelligence and consciousness","volume":"41 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135430797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No-Go Theorems on Machine Consciousness","authors":"Subhash Kak","doi":"10.1142/s2705078523500029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2705078523500029","url":null,"abstract":"Creating machines that are conscious is a long-term objective of research in artificial intelligence. This paper looks at this idea with new arguments from physics and logic. Observers have no place in classical physics, and although they play a role in measurement in quantum physics there is no explanation for their emergence within the framework. There is a suggestion that consciousness, which is implicitly a property of the observer, is a consequence of the complexity of specific brain structures, but this is problematic because one associates free will with consciousness, which goes counter to the causal closure of physics. Considering a nested physical system, we argue that even if the system were assumed to have agency, observers cannot exist within it. Since complex systems can be viewed in nested hierarchies, this constitutes a proof against consciousness as a product of complexity, for then we will have nested system of conscious agents. As the existence of consciousness in cognitive agents cannot be denied, the implication is that consciousness belongs to a dimension that is not physical and machine consciousness is unattainable. These ideas are used to take a fresh look at two well-known paradoxes of quantum theory that are important in quantum information theory.","PeriodicalId":484258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of artificial intelligence and consciousness","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cordelia Mattuvarkuzhali Ezhilarasu, Jim Angus, Ian K. Jennions
{"title":"Toward the Aircraft of the Future: A Perspective from Consciousness","authors":"Cordelia Mattuvarkuzhali Ezhilarasu, Jim Angus, Ian K. Jennions","doi":"10.1142/s2705078523300013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2705078523300013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper envisions the possibility of a Conscious Aircraft: an aircraft of the future with features of consciousness. To serve this purpose, three main fields are examined: philosophy, cognitive neuroscience, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). While philosophy deals with the concept of what is consciousness, cognitive neuroscience studies the relationship of the brain with consciousness, contributing toward the biomimicry of consciousness in an aircraft. The field of AI leads into machine consciousness. The paper discusses several theories from these fields and derives outcomes suitable for the development of a Conscious Aircraft, some of which include the capability of developing “world-models”, learning about self and others, and the prerequisites of autonomy, selfhood, and emotions. Taking these cues, the paper focuses on the latest developments and the standards guiding the field of autonomous systems, and suggests that the future of autonomous systems depends on its transition toward consciousness. Finally, inspired by the theories suggesting the levels of consciousness, guided by the Theory of Mind, and building upon state-of-the-art aircraft with autonomous systems, this paper suggests the development of a Conscious Aircraft in three stages: Conscious Aircraft with (1) System-awareness, (2) Self-awareness, and (3) Fleet-awareness, from the perspectives of health management, maintenance, and sustainment.","PeriodicalId":484258,"journal":{"name":"Journal of artificial intelligence and consciousness","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}