Journal of Experimental Child Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Transposed-character effects during learning to read: When does letter and non-letter strings processing become different?","authors":"Stéphanie Massol ,&nbsp;Joana Acha ,&nbsp;Lisa Rondot ,&nbsp;Marta Vergara-Martinez ,&nbsp;Emilie Favre ,&nbsp;Bernard Lété","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient reading requires the association of different letter identities with their positions in the written word. This leads to the development of a specialized mechanism for encoding flexible location-invariant letter positions through learning to read. In this study, we investigated not only the emergence and development of this position coding mechanism but also whether this mechanism is a consequence of the orthographic code (i.e., letter specific) or inherent to generic visual object recognition. To do so, the same–different matching task was used with children from Grade 1 to Grade 5 (Experiment 1) and with adults (Experiment 2). In both experiments, reference and target stimuli were composed of four-character strings (consonants, digits, and geometrical forms) and could be identical or different by transposing or substituting two internal characters. Analyses of response times, error rates, and discriminability indices revealed a transposed-character effect regardless of the type of characters in Grades 1 and 2, whereas transposed-character effects were greater for letter strings than for familiar non-letter strings in Grade 3, lasting up to Grade 5 as well as in adults. These results provided evidence in favor of a flexible position coding mechanism that is specific to letter strings, which emerges with reading experience as a consequence of parallel processing of letters within words.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth order moderates the association between adverse childhood experiences and externalizing behavior symptoms in adolescence","authors":"Marcela Soto ,&nbsp;Lauren Micalizzi ,&nbsp;Dayna Price ,&nbsp;Michelle L. Rogers ,&nbsp;Kristina M. Jackson","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with externalizing behaviors. Whereas some ACEs affect individual children (i.e., child-specific; e.g., failing a grade), others affect the family unit (i.e., family-wide; e.g., parent losing a job); effects of ACEs on externalizing behavior may manifest differently across groupings of ACEs. Moreover, birth order may modify the association between child-specific and family-wide ACEs and externalizing behavior due to differences in the experience of being a younger versus older sibling. This study examined the externalizing behavior of siblings in relation to their experiences of child-specific and family-wide ACEs to test the hypothesis that younger siblings are at greater risk for developing externalizing symptoms following familial ACE exposure. Participants were 61 sibling pairs (younger sibling M_age = 11.37 years, 44.1% male; older sibling M_age = 13.1 years, 52.5% male) recruited from six schools in the northeastern United States. Parents rated each child’s externalizing behaviors (e.g., bullying, meanness) and retrospectively reported on each child’s experience of 34 ACEs; two raters categorized ACEs as child-specific (n = 10) or family-wide (n = 24). Multilevel modeling revealed that both child-specific and family-wide ACEs were associated with increased externalizing behaviors. Birth order moderated the effect of family-wide (but not child-specific) ACEs on externalizing behaviors, independent of sex and age. Externalizing behavior was higher for younger siblings as compared with older siblings, particularly when a high number of ACEs (6+) were reported. This research should prompt future exploration of mechanistic theories of the impact of family-wide and child-specific ACEs and the role of birth order.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of measurement activities on young children’s epistemic and interpersonal trust","authors":"Hüseyin Kotaman","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of activities conducted by children’s teachers twice a week, which emphasize the importance of measurement and mathematical data for decision making, on children’s informant selection and interpersonal trust decisions. In total, 55 children participated in the study for epistemic trust, and 54 children participated for interpersonal trust. Children interacted with two research assistants, one providing precise information and the other providing relative information regarding quantities, length, and weight. The findings revealed that, for epistemic trust, children from both groups preferred the relative informant over the precise informant both before and after the test. Regarding interpersonal trust decisions, the treatment groups showed a significant increase in the selection of the precise informant from the pretest to the posttest, whereas the control group’s selection decreased. The difference in the selection of the precise informant between the interpersonal trust decision groups from pretest to posttest was significant, favoring the treatment group. The reasons revealed that children considered competence in their epistemic trust decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the relationship between psychosocial adversity and inhibitory control: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of children growing up in extreme poverty","authors":"Zoya Surani ,&nbsp;Ted K. Turesky ,&nbsp;Eileen Sullivan ,&nbsp;Talat Shama ,&nbsp;Rashidul Haque ,&nbsp;Nazrul Islam ,&nbsp;Shahria Hafiz Kakon ,&nbsp;Xi Yu ,&nbsp;William A. Petri ,&nbsp;Charles Nelson III ,&nbsp;Nadine Gaab","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to psychosocial adversity (PA) is associated with poor behavioral, physical, and mental health outcomes in adulthood. As these outcomes are related to alterations in developmental processes, growing evidence suggests that deficits in executive functions—inhibitory control in particular—may in part explain this relationship. However, literature examining the development of inhibitory control has been based on children in higher-resource environments, and little is known how low-resource settings might exacerbate the link between inhibitory control and health outcomes. In this context, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data during a Go/No-Go inhibitory control task and PA variables for 68 children aged 5 to 7 years living in Dhaka, Bangladesh, an area with a high prevalence of PA. The children’s mothers completed behavioral questionnaires to assess the children’s PA and their own PA. Whole-brain activation underlying inhibitory control was examined using the No-Go versus Go contrast, and associations with PA variables were assessed using whole-brain regressions. Childhood neglect was associated with weaker activation in the right posterior cingulate, whereas greater family conflict, economic stress, and maternal PA factors were associated with greater activation in the left medial frontal gyrus, right superior and middle frontal gyri, and left cingulate gyrus. These data suggest that neural networks supporting inhibitory control processes may vary as a function of exposure to different types of PA, particularly between those related to threat and deprivation. Furthermore, increased activation in children with greater PA may serve as a compensatory mechanism, allowing them to maintain similar behavioral task performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096524002121/pdfft?md5=5ef6e1a27de4657ee67c08e47164ca09&pid=1-s2.0-S0022096524002121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of sight, not out of mind: New pupillometric evidence on object permanence in a sample of 10- and 12-month-old German infants","authors":"Marlena Mayer,&nbsp;Ulf Liszkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Findings on the emergence and interpretation of early object representation in the first year of life diverge widely between designs that employ looking times versus action-based measures. As a promising new approach, pupillometry has produced evidence for object permanence at 18 months of age, but not younger as of yet. In the current study, we (re)investigated object permanence following occlusion events in a pupillometric violation-of-expectation paradigm optimized for younger infants. During each trial, infants observed a toy object’s occlusion and prompt reveal in the expected condition or its absence in the unexpected condition. Across two experiments, we show that 10- and 12-month-old infants’ (total <em>N</em> = 82) pupils dilate in response to unexpected object disappearances relative to expected appearances. Control analyses revealed no differences between the scenes before the experimental manipulation, excluding perceptual interpretations. We further report an age-dependent effect of condition on pupil responses, with unexpected outcomes triggering greater pupil dilation in the older group. These results provide positive pupillometric evidence in support of object permanence in the context of a violation-of-expectation paradigm at 10 and 12 months of age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096524002005/pdfft?md5=67f106420682055c7c31a465549e3124&pid=1-s2.0-S0022096524002005-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturally and linguistically diverse children’s retention of spoken narratives encoded in quiet and in babble noise","authors":"Johanna Carlie ,&nbsp;Birgitta Sahlén ,&nbsp;Ketty Andersson ,&nbsp;Roger Johansson ,&nbsp;Susanna Whitling ,&nbsp;K. Jonas Brännström","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-talker noise impedes children’s speech processing and may affect children listening to their second language more than children listening to their first language. Evidence suggests that multi-talker noise also may impede children’s memory retention and learning. A total of 80 culturally and linguistically diverse children aged 7 to 9 years listened to narratives in two listening conditions: quiet and multi-talker noise (signal-to-noise ratio +6 dB). Repeated recall (immediate and delayed recall), was measured with a 1-week retention interval. Retention was calculated as the difference in recall accuracy per question between immediate and delayed recall. Working memory capacity was assessed, and the children’s degree of school language (Swedish) exposure was quantified. Immediate narrative recall was lower for the narrative encoded in noise than in quiet. During delayed recall, narrative recall was similar for both listening conditions. Children with higher degrees of school language exposure and higher working memory capacity had better narrative recall overall, but these factors were not associated with an effect of listening condition or retention. Multi-talker babble noise does not impair culturally and linguistically diverse primary school children’s retention of spoken narratives as measured by multiple-choice questions. Although a quiet listening condition allows for a superior encoding compared with a noisy listening condition, details are likely lost during memory consolidation and re-consolidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096524002285/pdfft?md5=1403f16c489e2f102e70bf9c084137f3&pid=1-s2.0-S0022096524002285-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention–language interface in Multilingual Assessment instrument for Narratives","authors":"Irina A. Sekerina ,&nbsp;Olga Parshina ,&nbsp;Vladislava Staroverova ,&nbsp;Natalia Gagarina","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study employed the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to test comprehension of narrative macrostructure in Russian in a visual world eye-tracking paradigm. The four MAIN visual narratives are structurally similar and question referents’ goals and internal states (IS). Previous research revealed that children’s MAIN comprehension differed among the four narratives in German, Swedish, Russian, and Turkish, but it is not clear why. We tested whether the difference in comprehension was (a) present, (b) caused by complicated inferences in understanding IS compared with goals, and (c) ameliorated by orienting visual attention to the referents whose IS was critical for accurate comprehension. Our findings confirmed (a) and (b) but found no effect of attentional cues on accuracy for (c). The multidimensional theory of narrative organization of children’s knowledge of macrostructure needs to consider the type of inferences necessary for IS that are influenced by subjective interpretation and reasoning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective matters in goal-predictive gaze shifts during action observation: Results from 6-, 9-, and 12-month-olds and adults","authors":"Maurits Adam ,&nbsp;Birgit Elsner ,&nbsp;Norbert Zmyj","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on goal-predictive gaze shifts in infancy so far has mostly focused on the effect of infants’ experience with observed actions or the effect of agency cues that the observed agent displays. However, the perspective from which an action is presented to the infants (egocentric vs. allocentric) has received only little attention from researchers despite the fact that the natural observation of own actions is always linked to an egocentric perspective, whereas the observation of others’ actions is often linked to an allocentric perspective. The current study investigated the timing of 6-, 9-, and 12-month-olds’ goal-predictive gaze behavior, as well as that of adults, during the observation of simple human grasping actions that were presented from either an egocentric or allocentric perspective (within-participants design). The results showed that at 6 and 9 months of age, the infants predicted the action goal only when observing the action from the egocentric perspective. The 12-month-olds and adults, in contrast, predicted the action in both perspectives. The results therefore are in line with accounts proposing an advantage of egocentric versus allocentric processing of social stimuli, at least early in development. This study is among the first to show this egocentric bias already during the first year of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022096524002157/pdfft?md5=7d3e60eea6515855875ec757eed7d2a5&pid=1-s2.0-S0022096524002157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the cognitive and perceptual perspectives of music-to-language transfer: A study of Cantonese–English bilingual children","authors":"William Choi ,&nbsp;Veronica Ka Wai Lai ,&nbsp;Siu-Hang Kong ,&nbsp;Alfredo Bautista","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motivated by theories of music-to-language transfer, we investigated whether and how musicianship benefits phonological and lexical prosodic awareness in first language (L1) Cantonese and second language (L2) English. We assessed 86 Cantonese–English bilingual children on rhythmic sensitivity, pitch sensitivity, nonverbal intelligence, inhibitory control, working memory, Cantonese phonological awareness, Cantonese tone awareness, English phonological awareness, and English stress awareness. Based on their prior music learning experience, we classified the children as musicians and non-musicians. The musicians performed better than the non-musicians on Cantonese phonological awareness, Cantonese tone awareness, and English phonological awareness. In addition, the musicians had superior pitch sensitivity, nonverbal intelligence, inhibitory control, and working memory than the non-musicians. For Cantonese and English phonological awareness, neither cognitive abilities nor pitch and rhythmic sensitivities turned out to be a unique predictor. However, working memory uniquely predicted Cantonese tone awareness, with age, rhythmic sensitivity, and pitch sensitivity controlled. From a theoretical perspective, our findings on Cantonese tone awareness favors the cognitive perspective of music-to-language transfer, in which working memory enhancement could explain the musicians’ superior performance in Cantonese tone awareness. However, our findings on phonological awareness do not favor the cognitive perspective, nor do they favor the perceptual perspective, in which enhanced rhythmic and pitch sensitivities could explain musicians’ advantage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s beliefs about the emotional consequences of norm adherence and violation","authors":"Anne E. Riggs,&nbsp;Anne A. Fast","doi":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What behaviors make people happy? In the current studies, we investigated 4- to 7-year-old children’s (<em>N</em> = 148) emotion attributions for people who follow or violate a conventional norm when doing so aligns or conflicts with other psychological motivations. In Study 1, we tested whether children believe people are happier when they desire (vs. do not desire) adhering to (vs. violating) a norm. In Study 2, we tested whether children believe people are happier when freely choosing (vs. being told) to adhere to (vs. violate) a norm. In both studies, children predicted the highest happiness levels for people who followed norms even when doing so conflicted with other psychological motivators (e.g., wanting or freely choosing to do something). Children also explained their emotion attributions by making reference to norms more often than to desires or personal choices. Results are discussed in terms of implications for children’s own norm adherence and early socialization practices in Western cultures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}