{"title":"Inspirational Hauntings and a Fearless Spirit of Resistance","authors":"Deniz Yonucu","doi":"10.1086/725667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725667","url":null,"abstract":"This article tackles the conditions of the possibility of fearlessness and the radical refusal to be docile and complicit despite the likelihood of heavy punishments. Drawing on the experiences of the racialized Kurdish and Turkish Alevi residents of a working-class space in Istanbul that is constantly under the watchful eye of undercover police agents, I propose that despite its privileged position in law enforcement in Turkey and in other authoritarian contexts, the panoptic gaze of the undercover police does not always manage to push resistance off the stage into Scottian forms of covert resistance. To understand how certain individuals and populations continue to act out against punitive security states despite the potentially grave consequences, I suggest that we take into consideration the invigorating power of the martyred dead and hauntings. While anthropological studies on hauntings mainly focus on histories of violence and injustice, the history of the oppressed is marked not only by oppression but also by resistance. Only by taking into account what I call “inspirational hauntings” of past resistance and rebellious and defiant subjects along with hauntings of oppression can we understand how the questions related to ethics and justice that are raised by hauntings are translated into active, undisguised, subaltern resistance.","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44298756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Disruption Suggested by Dates of Late Holocene Burials, Southwestern Cape, South Africa","authors":"E. Loftus, S. Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1086/725106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725106","url":null,"abstract":"Radiocarbon dates (3500–900 BP) from human skeletons (N=146) of late Holocene foragers from the Southwestern Cape coast are calibrated, incorporating estimates of the proportion of diet from marine sources using mixed calibration curves. As with Later Stone Age foragers throughout southern Africa, most were single burials without garb or objects. Cultural change may accompany the regional arrival of pastoralism, here benchmarked to a date for sheep bone at 2310–1890 cal BP (Spoegrivier). Forager population features that vary temporally include shifts in dietary protein sources, deaths from interpersonal violence, and the creation of cemeteries. Summed probability and kernel density methods indicate marked fluctuations in the frequency of burials through time, with a peak at ca. 1800 cal BP and a subsequent trough at ca. 1250 cal BP. This differs from the pattern of dates from occupational sites (N=149 from 49 sites). The δ13C values confirm a trend from marine to more mixed diets in more recent times. Perimortem trauma from interpersonal violence and the creation of cemeteries occur at or soon after the introduction of pastoralism to the region. In this era in which new people and ideas disrupted an ancient lifeway, novel burial clusters and cemeteries may mark attempts to control territory through direct ties with ancestors.","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49229804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"War as an Environment: Domesticity, Bitterness, and Multispecies Attachments to Life (Khayyat's A Landscape of War: Ecologies of Resistance and Survival in South Lebanon)","authors":"Diana Pardo Pedraza","doi":"10.1086/725036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725036","url":null,"abstract":"Current Anthropology, Volume 64, Issue 3, Page 352-353, June 2023. <br/>","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sources of Ambivalence, Contagion, and Sympathy","authors":"Frédéric Laugrand, Antoine Laugrand, Lionel Simon","doi":"10.1086/725081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725081","url":null,"abstract":"The bat is often portrayed as a vampire, a taxonomic monstrosity, and a source of the worst evils. Whenever pandemics occur, such as the one currently spread by SARS-CoV-2, this animal is quickly identified as a “reservoir of emerging pathogens” and is among the first to be blamed. Yet many human groups live in daily contact with multiple bat species and eat their flesh, which they praise for its medicinal benefits. Such groups see the bat as a “companion species” with which they cohabit and establish cooperative relationships. In this paper, we use recently gathered ethnographic data from Southeast Asia to show how humans imagine bats and enter into relationships with them. By blurring the boundaries between nature and society, this animal has made itself an appropriate subject of study for contemporary anthropology.","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49667514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Posthumanist Approach to the Origins of Rice Agriculture in Southern China","authors":"Jiajing Wang","doi":"10.1086/725100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725100","url":null,"abstract":"Explaining the origins of agriculture is a topic of ongoing debate in anthropology. Traditional explanations have often been categorized as either push or pull models. The former considers the transition as an adaptive response to environmental change, and the latter views farming as a result of cultural innovations. The theoretical debates reflect the traditional dichotomy between materialism and idealism in archaeological research. Yet underlying both approaches is an anthropocentric ontology that privileges humans over nonhumans as the principal agents of historical change. This paper seeks to transcend the limitation through a close examination of the role of nonhumans in the origins of rice agriculture in southern China. Challenging traditional approaches that attribute the rise of agriculture to human interventions on the environment, this paper explores how the active agencies exercised by nonhumans, such as plants and material tools, entrapped humans into a long-term dependence and later into a sedentary lifestyle, eventually leading up to fully agricultural societies.","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medicine and Kingship","authors":"Koenraad Stroeken","doi":"10.1086/725199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725199","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a vast and recently reinvigorated body of research, a glaring lacuna remains in the literature on African chief- and kingship. Exogenous sociostructural explanations (Vansina) and the universalist concept of sacred kingship (de Heusch) disregard the endogenous regional process of political centralization. This article proposes a corrected structuralism as a method to detect in cultural processes their endogenous basis, or “tensor”: a syntagm paradigmatically “stretched” in time and space. Ethnographic fieldwork in east and central Africa reveals that both chieftaincy and status acquisition revolve around medicine, not governance. The tensor of medicine combines two sacrificial practices, divination and initiation, and two gift-oriented practices, magic and association. In terms of this tensor, kingship is a freak development, violating the democratic principle of medicine. Ethnographic comparison confirms that kings split the tensor by privileging the binding logic of gifts at the expense of divination and initiation, which control the chief’s power. In contrast, the colonial impact on centralization is a collapsed tensor, banning the mixed political-religious practices of magic and divination in favor of a religiously legitimated political hierarchy. Tensor dynamics bring out pivots of meaning that shake the European default model of the polity.","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dreaming of Robots and War without Humans","authors":"Andrew Bickford","doi":"10.1086/725035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725035","url":null,"abstract":"ancial concerns similar to those of working poor people, the consequences were much different for different socioeconomic classes. For Zenani’s family, their failure to pay bills may affect their access to food, but for the Davises, financial strain affected the maintenance of their lifestyle and pursuit of their dreams. The Davises’ socioeconomic status offers them more stability than the classes previously described and allows them to use food to describe their ideas and hopes for the future. These temporal ideas about food continue to be relevant in part IV in his work with upper-middle-class Black people. The upper-middle-class people Ewoodzie engaged with were often important members of the elite in Jackson, including a mayoral candidate. In his interactions with them, he was able to observe and ask about the role that food played in their daily lives and found stark differences from his previous experiences in the city. Food was something unquestionably present for the upper middle class, and its consumption signaled the expanded palette of the taster, depending on the food. Certain foods were portrayed as healthier, for example, and therefore more desirable. The presence of healthy foods was, in and of itself, a signal of the wealth available to this class of people, as restaurants catering to this dietary preference were available only in more prosperous neighborhoods. This is not to say that uppermiddle-class Black Americans in Jackson are completely divorced from the context of Black food as it is broadly understood in Jackson. Their privileged world was still heavily racialized, resulting in some pushback against a too-expansive palette, as that could be perceived as rejecting the individual’s Black roots. This socioeconomic class’s connection to food represents a different connection to Blackness, despite all the ways that Blackness itself shapes their experiences with society and with food. While there may appear to be unity under the banner of Blackness, and even being African American, this ethnography demonstrates the different ways that ideas of Blackness are understood and experienced by contemporary populations by examining barriers and access to certain products/foods. Ewoodzie’s own background testifies to this point. He makes it clear in his work that while he is phenotypically Black and is clearly recognized that way, he is not African American. Others’ perceptions of him as a Black man allowed him entrance into certain spaces (like male homeless shelters) that would not be accessible to others, but his Ghanaian background puts a slight barrier between him and his African American interlocutors. This makes him not an outsider but also not native to the area or idea of American Blackness, making this work an interesting example of what I call native-adjacent ethnography. This phenomenon may be unique to those who identify as members of a diaspora doing work in that same space, but as the number of scholars from diverse backg","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45752251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intersections of Taste, Race, and Class","authors":"Carolyn Mason","doi":"10.1086/725038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725038","url":null,"abstract":"out further explanation. Drawing inspiration from her interlocutors, Khayyat revitalizes the notion of resistance through an ecological perspective. Like many other terms currently being reconsidered in anthropology from a more-than-human framework (e.g., political participation, kinship, damage, justice, reparation), resistance acquires different connotations when addressing the affective cross-species relationships, connections, and collaborations that emerge and consolidate in the struggle to remain alive. Since these networks of care and survival are rooted in the land, Khayyat uses the landscape as both medium and method. Concerned with the life that unfolds in war environments, she borrows Ingold’s dwelling perspective, which allows the ethnographer to grasp “the complexity, breadth, and depth of this place and of life in general” (25) while attuning her to the “patterns, practices, tendencies, textures, rhythms, proclivities, loves, edibles, interdictions, imaginaries, desires, [and] fears” (26) manifested in the living world and experienced by those who persist through seasonal devastations. A Landscape of War examines various human-human, humanplant, human-animal, and human-spirit relationships. The first two chapters offer a historical description of the separation, violence, and occupation that produce present-day South Lebanon and a methodological reflection on Khayyat’s ethnographic work and politics, respectively. The other four chapters focus on particular relationships within these resistant ecologies. Chapter 3 considers the material and affective attachments of locals, particularly women, with the tobacco plant, calling attention to the tension between the lethality and vitality that sustains its farming. In these war zones, tobacco is a bitter crop. It is hardy, it offers refuge, and it empowers and roots people in place—but it is also entangled with a nationalist economic agenda and (para)state political groups, enmeshed in an exploitative capitalist industry that commodifies the product of affective ecologies. In conversation with the anthropology of military waste, chapter 4 examines the art of navigating explosive landscapes—a skill that, as I have explored in my own work (Pardo Pedraza 2020, 2023), is not an exclusively human affair. Goatherds and their goats are the protagonists of these survival efforts, which sometimes fail tragically. Through their adaptive presence and daily creative practices, this human-animal collective resists displacement and reclaims lands occupied by war’s lethal and disabling technologies. Chapter 5 ethnographically contrasts two living landscapes to think about the mundane realities of violence and its connection with the resistance of nature’s sacred forces. These landscapes—housing supernatural beings, objects, and military arsenals—remind us of the “gathering” power of place, its capacity to narrate and commemorate stories, and the affective charge they emanate. In the cycles of destructio","PeriodicalId":48343,"journal":{"name":"Current Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45228495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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