Psychological InquiryPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1047840X.2024.2442906
Lotte Pummerer, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Karen M Douglas, Daniel Jolley, Kai Sassenberg
{"title":"The Appraisal Model of Conspiracy Theories (AMCT): Applying Appraisal Theories to Understand Emotional and Behavioral Reactions to Conspiracy Theories.","authors":"Lotte Pummerer, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Karen M Douglas, Daniel Jolley, Kai Sassenberg","doi":"10.1080/1047840X.2024.2442906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1047840X.2024.2442906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beliefs in conspiracy theories are related to a diverse set of emotional and behavioral consequences. At the same time, a theoretical model detailing when a conspiracy theory is more likely to elicit confrontation compared to withdrawal, indirect aggression or community-building is missing. We argue that appraisals provide the missing link between conspiracy beliefs and their consequences, proposing the Appraisal Model of Conspiracy Theories (AMCT). Based on appraisal theories of emotions, we outline how the focus on different features that vary between conspiracy theories and the situations in which they are embedded (i.e., focus on secrecy vs. gained knowledge; powerlessness vs. option of confrontation; harm to oneself vs. others) facilitate specific appraisals, resulting in different behavioral outcomes. We also outline how the AMCT helps to reconcile inconsistent research on conspiracy beliefs by providing better predictions about their emotional and behavioral consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"35 3-4","pages":"159-178"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological InquiryPub Date : 2025-03-13eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1080/1047840X.2025.2454118
Lotte Pummerer, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Karen M Douglas, Daniel Jolley, Kai Sassenberg
{"title":"The Appraisal Model of Conspiracy Theories (AMCT): Highlighting Core Concepts and Potential Extensions.","authors":"Lotte Pummerer, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Karen M Douglas, Daniel Jolley, Kai Sassenberg","doi":"10.1080/1047840X.2025.2454118","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1047840X.2025.2454118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"35 3-4","pages":"233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological InquiryPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2025.2482343
Javier A Granados Samayoa, Dolores Albarracín
{"title":"Understanding Belief-Behavior Correspondence: Beliefs and Belief-to-Behavior Inferences.","authors":"Javier A Granados Samayoa, Dolores Albarracín","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2025.2482343","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1047840x.2025.2482343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychologists and other scholars have long studied the influence of beliefs on behavior, proposing models that illuminate aspects of the belief-behavior relation. However, prior psychological theories have not explained how a particular belief influences behavior. This limitation coincides with the assumption, common among both psychologists and lay observers of human behavior, that beliefs are powerful drivers of behavior. To improve our understanding of the belief-behavior association, we first show evidence that the association between beliefs and behaviors is, generally speaking, small (<i>r</i> < .2). We then define different types of beliefs (i.e., existence beliefs like \"I believe in God,\" descriptive beliefs like \"Magnolias are white,\" and outcome beliefs like \"Vaccines save lives\") and propose that beliefs have a causal influence on behavior when people form a <i>belief-to-behavior inference</i>. Belief-to-behavior inferences are generally probabilistic and are made when individuals have a behavioral (vs. informational) goal. These inferences are also more likely when individuals rely on beliefs that are closer to behavior (e.g., descriptive versus existence beliefs) within the belief-to-behavior inference chain. The model clarifies inferential processes for different belief types and makes novel predictions about the effects of goals and cognitive capacity on the belief-behavior correspondence. In addition, it integrates memory-based and online decision processes, independent activation of behavioral attitudes and intentions, and proceduralization of belief-to-behavior inferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12478542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Prevalent is Social Projection?","authors":"Hans Alves","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2024.2388015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2024.2388015","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory (Vol. 35, No. 1, 2024)","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joachim I. Krueger, David J. Grüning, Patrick Heck, David Freestone
{"title":"Inductive Reasoning Renewed: A Reply to Commentators","authors":"Joachim I. Krueger, David J. Grüning, Patrick Heck, David Freestone","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366765","url":null,"abstract":"The IRM provides a simple and flexible framework for the study of the social-perceptual phenomena of self-enhancement, intergroup accentuation, ingroup-favoritism, and differential accuracy of grou...","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brett Buttliere, Alexios Arvanitis, Michał Białek, Shoham Choshen-Hillel, Shai Davidai, Thomas Gilovich, Uriel Haran, Ángela Jiang-Wang, Qiao Kang Teo, Vojtech Kotrba, Chengwei Liu, David Mandel, Gordon Pennycook, Tobias R. Rebholz, Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Norbert Schwarz, Zeev Shtudiner, Steven Sloman, Joakim Sundh, Cass Sunstein, Daniel Västfjäll, Mario Weick
{"title":"Kahneman in Quotes and Reflections","authors":"Brett Buttliere, Alexios Arvanitis, Michał Białek, Shoham Choshen-Hillel, Shai Davidai, Thomas Gilovich, Uriel Haran, Ángela Jiang-Wang, Qiao Kang Teo, Vojtech Kotrba, Chengwei Liu, David Mandel, Gordon Pennycook, Tobias R. Rebholz, Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Norbert Schwarz, Zeev Shtudiner, Steven Sloman, Joakim Sundh, Cass Sunstein, Daniel Västfjäll, Mario Weick","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366813","url":null,"abstract":"In this retrospective honoring the exemplary psychologist Daniel Kahneman (1934–2024), the authors present a curated selection of quotes from the academic community reflecting on his ideas. These s...","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precision and Provocativeness as Virtues and Vulnerabilities in Modeling","authors":"Vera Hoorens, Yujing Liang, Aisha Dondeyne","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366788","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory (Vol. 35, No. 1, 2024)","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joachim I. Krueger, David J. Grüning, Patrick Heck, David Freestone
{"title":"Inductive Reasoning Model","authors":"Joachim I. Krueger, David J. Grüning, Patrick Heck, David Freestone","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366766","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce the Inductive Reasoning Model (IRM) as a comprehensive platform for the study of several phenomena central to self- and social perception. Going beyond the traditional phenomenon-focus...","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"373 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rollerbladers, Luthiers, and Self-Loathing: Questions on Using the IRM","authors":"Rebecca Neel, Eric Hehman","doi":"10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2024.2366778","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory (Vol. 35, No. 1, 2024)","PeriodicalId":48327,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Inquiry","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141948120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}