Computers Environment and Urban Systems最新文献

{"title":"A citizen science toolkit to collect human perceptions of urban environments using open street view images","authors":"Matthew Danish ,&nbsp;S.M. Labib ,&nbsp;Britta Ricker ,&nbsp;Marco Helbich","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street View Imagery (SVI) is a valuable data source for studies (e.g., environmental assessments, green space identification or land cover classification). While commercial SVI is available, such providers commonly restrict copying or reuse in ways necessary for research. Open SVI datasets are readily available from less restrictive sources, such as Mapillary, but due to the heterogeneity of the images, these require substantial preprocessing, filtering, and careful quality checks. We present a method for automated downloading, processing, cropping, and filtering open SVI, to be used in a survey of human perceptions of the streets portrayed in these images. We demonstrate our open-source reusable SVI preparation and smartphone-friendly perception-survey software with Amsterdam (Netherlands) as the case study. Using a citizen science approach, we collected from 331 people 22,637 ratings about their perceptions for various criteria. We have published our software in a public repository for future re-use and reproducibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102207"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function and form of U.S. cities","authors":"Sandro M. Reia ,&nbsp;Taylor Anderson ,&nbsp;Henrique F. de Arruda ,&nbsp;Kuldip S. Atwal ,&nbsp;Shiyang Ruan ,&nbsp;Hamdi Kavak ,&nbsp;Dieter Pfoser","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between urban form and function is a complex challenge that can be examined from multiple perspectives. In this study, we propose a method to characterize the urban function of U.S. metropolitan areas by analyzing trip patterns extracted from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey. To characterize urban form, we employ measures that capture road network topology. We cluster cities based on both form and function and subsequently compare these clusters. Our analysis of 52 U.S. metropolitan areas identifies 7 distinct clusters of cities that exhibit similar travel behavior, suggesting that diverse mobility patterns can be effectively grouped into a few universal classes. The observed disparity between the urban-function clustering and the urban-form clustering suggests that travel behavior in the U.S. is not strongly influenced by the physical infrastructure of the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102221"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nighttime light imagery or mobile phone footprints: Which better reflects urban socio-economics at the grid level? A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China","authors":"Jinzhou Cao ,&nbsp;Xianyu Cao ,&nbsp;Wei Tu ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Tan ,&nbsp;Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Guanzhou Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingquan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional socioeconomic censuses rely on manual statistical surveys at the administrative division level, incurring significant costs while also facing the issue of data fabrication. The lack of information at the fine-scale spatial level limits more accurate policy formulation at the local and global levels. Nighttime lights have been proven to reflect human activities and estimate socio-economic indicators. Meanwhile, with the widespread use of smart devices, mobile phone data recorded as sensor data also provide various information about human footprints. This research elucidates the revealing ability of mobile phone footprints (MOB) and nighttime lights (NTL) to estimate various socio-economic indicators at a fine grid scale, establishing them as valuable proxies for understanding complex urban patterns. A comparative analysis within the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China demonstrates MOB's superior capacity in accurately reflecting socio-economic indicators such as population density and gross domestic product (GDP) distribution, effectively mitigating the oversaturation shortcomings of NTL in reflecting socioeconomic conditions. Especially in urban built-up areas, MOB and NTL data synergistically provide a refined depiction of socio-economic conditions, with MOB elucidating urban structure and density, and NTL closely associated with the service sector's footprint. The insights of the study highlight the value of integrating MOB and NTL data to refine the accuracy of socioeconomic indicators, which could be instrumental in the creation of nuanced urban planning and policy interventions. Such data-driven approaches promise to more effectively address socioeconomic inequalities and support sustainable urban development initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102220"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial accessibility and transport inequity in Finland: Open source models and perspectives from planning practice","authors":"Matti Pönkänen ,&nbsp;Henrikki Tenkanen ,&nbsp;Miloš Mladenović","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the last two decades, accessibility has begun to take a more central role in transport planning and decision making, as its importance has been recognized in many different policy agendas. Although environmental and social sustainability are central in contemporary public policy, the social exclusion effects related to access of opportunities are rarely measured at the national level. In this study, we analyze spatial accessibility to various opportunities in Finland at 1 km resolution and assess accessibility inequalities using the Palma ratio. Furthermore, we test how a web-based tool can be used in stakeholder communication and investigate the usefulness of the accessibility indicators and the tool for planning practice based on focus group discussions with Finnish transport planners. Our results show significant variation in the levels of access to different opportunities across Finnish municipalities. The Palma ratios reveal that the largest disparities are typically located in municipalities surrounding large city regions, where wealthier residents tend to have better access to opportunities compared to low-income populations. Finally, the insights from Finnish planning practitioners reveal that communicating national-level accessibility information via an online tool has high communicative and learning value for various planning and policy processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102218"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying centrality using a novel flow-based measure: Implications for sustainable urban development","authors":"Yanzhong Yin ,&nbsp;Qunyong Wu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuanyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flow of essential elements such as people, goods, and information through complex networks has become a critical factor in shaping urban dynamics and regional development. Quantifying location centrality plays an indispensable role not only in urban infrastructure planning but also in National central city planning. Two vital aspects should be considered for central nodes in flow-based complex networks: their impact on adjacent nodes and the diversity of nodes they affect. In this paper, we present a centrality measure index (C-index) that accounts for flow volume and flow directions, offering a high degree of interpretability. We applied the C-index to four public weighted complex networks, demonstrating that our method outperforms classical methods. Furthermore, we validated the effectiveness and advantages of C-index on quantifying location centrality both in inter-city and intra-city population mobility network. The centrality findings from the perspective of population mobility can reinforce guidelines for understanding National central cities and polycentric structure of cities, thereby facilitating policy-making of sustainable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the density of urban trees in 1890s Leeds and Edinburgh using object detection on historical maps","authors":"Eleanor S. Smith ,&nbsp;Christopher Fleet ,&nbsp;Stuart King ,&nbsp;William Mackaness ,&nbsp;Hannah Walker ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new end-to-end methodology for extracting symbols from historical maps and demonstrate an application of the method to extract details of the urban forests of Leeds and Edinburgh in the UK using Ordnance Survey maps from the 1890s. The methods presented allow tree symbols on 1:500 scale maps to be efficiently extracted, with our object detection model achieving an <em>F</em>_<em>1</em>-score of 0.945. The results for each city are presented on the National Library of Scotland website and have been used to generate an estimate of 37 ± 1 tree symbols per hectare for Leeds in 1888–90 and 40 ± 1 tree symbols per hectare for Edinburgh in 1893–94. This is the first time that quantitative data has been obtained for historical urban tree counts in these two cities. The method presented can be expanded to other UK towns and cities and is a valuable tool for learning about the past, and changes to both the natural and built environment over time, aiding decisions on future tree planting. We discuss the process used to automate the generation of training data and to train a machine learning model to extract the symbols, comparing it with other possible models. This discussion provides context on how best to tackle similar problems of symbol extraction from historical maps and the issues that may arise in such automated analysis, alongside factors that must be considered when using historical maps as a data source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102219"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of data resolution in analyzing urban form and PM2.5 concentration","authors":"Ziwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Xing Meng ,&nbsp;Yuxia Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yao ,&nbsp;Xia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the global concern about the chronic toxic effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on human health, particularly in urban areas, the impact of urban form on PM2.5 pollution remains incompletely understood. This study established panel regression models for two resolutions (1 km and 30 m), covering 320 cities in China from 2000 to 2015, using landscape metrics and natural and socioeconomic variables to explore the urban form-PM2.5 relationship. The findings suggest that while the effects of fragmentation and agglomeration are opposite, the impact of urban scale on PM2.5 remains consistent across different resolutions. To unveil its mechanism, we compared authentic urban land use data under varying resolutions in detail and discovered that the coarse-resolution data lacked certain small patches, in addition to exhibiting edge deformation. As a result, we conducted counterfactual experiments on high-resolution land use data (30 m), simulating changes to urban patches, including removing small urban patches, dilating urban patch edges, and eroding urban patch edges. The implication of the findings is that the loss of information on small patches is more common in coarse resolution data than the deformation of patch edges, which in turn ultimately alters the results. Therefore, one of the major contributions of this study is exploring the mechanism of how spatial resolution impacts the relationship between urban form and PM2.5 concentration. The results can provide recommendations for sustainable urban development, emphasizing the significance of the scale effect in studies. This recommends urban planners to adopt a satellite urban development approach in which large cities are evenly distributed and minor ones are clustered together, with the aim of reducing PM2.5 pollution and human exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102214"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal discovery and analysis of global city carbon emissions based on data-driven and hybrid intelligence","authors":"Xiaoyan Li ,&nbsp;Wenting Zhan ,&nbsp;Fumin Deng ,&nbsp;Xuedong Liang ,&nbsp;Peng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unclear causal links of carbon emissions among global cities challenge policy development. This study develops two causal discovery algorithms to aid in this understanding. The first, scalable causal discovery, excels in unraveling complex causal relationships within extensive non-Euclidean networks encompassing thousands of nodes. The second, knowledge-injection causal discovery, merges expert expertise with artificial intelligence's data mining capabilities, employing a human-computer interaction approach for precise causal analysis. The proposed algorithms outperform leading causal discovery methods in the Granger causality test and causal structural consistency. This study investigates the emission causal networks across global cities and key international organizations, including the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Commonwealth, G20, the Belt and Road Initiative, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The analysis encompasses networks, countries, cities, and emission sources, providing insights for developing collaborative urban emission reduction policies. It underscores the tightly interconnected nature of the worldwide emission network, where the effects are rapidly disseminated. Furthermore, sub-networks reveal consistency and variability in their causal patterns, with core cities exerting significant influence over various dynamics. It is essential to leverage the unique structural characteristics inherent in each sub-network to enhance the effectiveness of coordinated emission reduction initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the built environment impacts on Online Car-hailing waiting time: An empirical study in Beijing","authors":"Jianhui Lai,&nbsp;Yanyan Wang,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Xiaojie Wu,&nbsp;Yue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waiting time is a critical metric for evaluating the quality of online car-hailing services, with studies indicating a close association between Online Car-hailing waiting time (CWT) and the urban built environment (BE). Points of interest (POI) data is widely utilized to characterize the built environment. However, quantifying the proper combination or spatial relationships between different types of POIs to capture the functional features of the built environment within a region poses a challenge. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing built environment characteristics based on a semantic probabilistic topic model utilizing Latent Dirichlet Allocation, demonstrating that integrating the building area of POIs along with the travel activity intensity at their respective locations enables a more precise identification of regional functions. Moreover, while some studies have explored the correlation between the built environment and waiting time, few have evaluated the nonlinear interactions between them. On this foundation, employing the machine learning technique XGBoost model in conjunction with online car-hailing order data, we probe the relationship between the built environment and waiting time. The research indicates that CWT is comprehensively affected by multiple factors. Taking weekday evening peak period as an example, the CWT of Central-urban area, where has dense commercial and office land use, positively correlated with commercial and office topics, while negatively correlated with educational, residential, leisure and healthcare topics, leading to a longer CWT in the Central-urban. In addition, the interaction between BEs can weakens their individual effects on CWT. A higher degree of job-residence balance can mitigate the negative impact of residential and office topics on increasing CWT, particularly in Intermediate-urban areas. Additionally, BE topics may also suppress the positive effect of road density on reducing CWT. The relationship between the BE and CWT exhibits threshold effects and a V-shaped relationship, indicating that the BE is significantly associated with CWT only within specific ranges. This correlation also exhibits a gradient pattern from the Central-urban to the Sub-urban, especially concerning office and residential topics. These outcomes elucidate the salient ranges of the built environment that exert substantial impacts on waiting time, informing strategic planning for online car-hailing dispatch and urban development to augment passenger travel satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102205"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of ethnoracial diversity and segregation in Los Angeles County: Insights from mobile phone data","authors":"Rongxiang Su ,&nbsp;Niall Newsham ,&nbsp;Somayeh Dodge","doi":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2024.102203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethnoracial segregation persists as a pressing issue in American cities. Understanding these issues is crucial for promoting social equity and justice, and planning more inclusive cities. Prior research has predominantly emphasized residential ethnoracial diversity but has often overlooked or inadequately addressed ethnoracial diversity and segregation in individuals' daily activities and places they visit, due in part to data limitations. This study leverages a dynamic measure of ethnoracial diversity and dominance at the finest spatial scale, specifically at the Points of Interest (POI) level and various temporal contexts. Using one month of privacy-enhanced mobile phone location data in Los Angeles County, California, this study explores ethnoracial diversity and spatial segregation simultaneously in POI visits in LA County. Our findings confirm that individuals' daily mobility in urban areas enhances ethnoracial mixing at activity locations. Empirical results indicate that the diversity of visitors to a POI is significantly higher than the neighborhood diversity where the same POI is located. A significant positive linear relationship was found between the neighborhood diversity of POIs and the diversity of visitors. About 34 % of the variance in the diversity of visitors to POIs can be explained by the neighborhood diversity of POIs. Our results also suggest significant spatial clusters of isolated/integrated areas regarding ethnoracial mixing in people's daily activity locations. Notably, the Hispanic or Latino population tends to stay in their own communities and experiences a higher level of segregation in their daily activity locations. The findings have significant implications for urban planners and policymakers to design targeted solutions and policies to promote social equity, integration, and equal access to public amenities and opportunities in urban spaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48241,"journal":{"name":"Computers Environment and Urban Systems","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102203"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}