HOUSING STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Can Canada become home without a house? The intersectional challenges to housing and settlement among refugees","authors":"Mary-Kay Bachour","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2200236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2200236","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractService providers’ crucial roles in securing housing for refugees in Canada is a topic scantly addressed in the broader literature. A focus on frontline workers in the housing and settlement sectors offers a productive analytic lens to map the critical link between service provision and housing access for refugees. Based on thirteen semi-structured interviews with service providers across nine organizations in Toronto, Canada, this study illuminates housing access barriers, such as lack of affordable housing and perceived housing discrimination. Furthermore, this paper unearths the intersectional praxis of frontline workers. Broadening the analytical frame to include an intersectional lens centring race, class, immigration status, and gender, this paper enriches current scholarship on 1) housing inequality, 2) refugee settlement, and 3) intersectionality. This paper also makes an epistemic intervention in the evolving field of housing studies at critical junctures. While this research was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, this study reflects on the added complexity of the pandemic to refugees’ housing access.Keywords: Housing inequalityintersectionalityaffordable housingrefugeessettlementsocial service provision AcknowledgmentThank you to all of the service providers who participated in this project. Your knowledge, experience, and insights made this paper possible.A special thank you to my post-doctoral supervisor, Dr. Marieme Lo, for reading several drafts of this paper. Your insights and support throughout the years were integral to the completion of this paper. I would also like to thank my PhD supervisor, Dr. Rachel Silvey, and the entire dissertation committee for supporting this work. Lastly, a big thank you to all of my family and friends, including Sumaya, Thom, Killian, Ashley, and many more, for all of your support, edits, and encouragement.In addition, I would like to thank the reviewers of this paper for their valuable comments.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 These statistics are non-inclusive of the recent displacement of Ukrainian refugees resulting from the current Russian invasion.2 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) is the federal governing body that develops and regulates policies related to immigration in Canada.3 There are different admission categories and classes to immigrate to Canada. These categories include economic immigrant, family-sponsored, and refugees. There are also different categories of refugees, which include government-assisted refugees (GARs), privately sponsored refugees (PSR), blended visa office-referred program (BVOR), and refugee claimants. GARs, PSRs and BVORs, are considered resettled refugees and are designated refugees prior to arrival to Canada. Refugee claimants are those who make a refugee claim, while living or arriving in Canada.4 Frontline staff were contacted via e-mail from a list of organizations avail","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"42 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135867944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of segregation in a welfare state: a Finnish local policy perspective","authors":"Katriina Rosengren, Jarkko Rasinkangas, Hannu Ruonavaara","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2269114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2269114","url":null,"abstract":"Segregation is a relatively recent issue in larger Finnish cities. The existence of segregation contradicts the Nordic welfare model, and segregation has been raised to the national policy level in Finland to combat a slowly widening gap between social groups on a spatial level. Local municipalities are central actors in urban policies. Therefore, we look at segregation from a local policy perspective. Our results confirm that segregation has not been seen as a burning issue in Finland on a local level, and recognition depends on the size of the city. Where segregation is acknowledged, it is often named a problem in city strategies but does not translate into anti-segregation policies locally. In mid-size cities, ‘spatial deprivation’ rather than segregation is acknowledged, rendering systematic interventions aimed at segregation even more difficult.","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"201 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeling lucky: young adults, housing struggles, and the neoliberal politics of entitlement","authors":"Heather Rollwagen, Brennan Mayhew","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2274444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2274444","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper critically examines why young adults characterize themselves as ‘lucky’ when describing their housing experiences, often when those experiences reflect considerable struggle. We explore this narrative as it emerges in conversation with 29 young adults living in Toronto, Canada. Results of the analysis indicate that some young adults employ the narrative of luck to describe structural forms of privilege they experience within the housing system, while others make use of this narrative in ways that reflect their sense of disentitlement to housing. A critical interpretation of these findings suggests that these two narratives, while used by different groups of individuals, both reflect and reinforce a broader discourse of neoliberalism within the housing system. Specifically, our analysis highlights how the narrative of luck obscures structural inequalities that condition access to safe, secure and suitable housing, while simultaneously reinforcing a neoliberal ideology of (dis)entitlement to housing. We conclude our analysis by considering the implications of this narrative for the immediate- and long-term housing struggles of young adults.Keywords: Luckhousing aspirationsyoung adults and housingneoliberal housing systemsentitlement AcknowledgmentsThe authors are grateful for the helpful comments and feedback provided in a preliminary version of this paper, which was presented virtually at the 2020 Housing Studies Association conference, as well as the constructive feedback of the anonymous reviewers. We would also like to acknowledge the research assistance provided by Renée Ferguson and Chelsea James.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Initial plans had been in place to conduct more interviews; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all interviews ceased in March 2020 when the Canadian government declared a state of emergency. The present analysis reflects the sentiments of young adults in the pre-COVID housing market. Like many urban centres, Toronto’s housing system has seen tremendous instability since this time. While some temporary policy changes were implemented during various waves of the pandemic, such as a temporary ban on evictions, the private rental market and the ownership market remain extremely unaffordabe.Additional informationNotes on contributorsHeather RollwagenHeather Rollwagen is an associate professor in the Sociology Department at Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University). Her research lies at the intersection of housing studies and criminology, exploring questions related to safety, precarity, and urban livability.Brennan MayhewBrennan Mayhew recently completed her Master’s in Urban Planning at the School of Urban Planning at McGill University. Her research spans housing studies and urban design, with a particular focus on topics such as placemaking, housing justice, and food systems.","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"184 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135974007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dire consequences: waiting for social housing in three Australian states","authors":"Alan Morris, Catherine Robinson, Jan Idle","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2266401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2266401","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAlthough tens of thousands of households are on the waiting-list for social housing in Australia, little is known about how they experience waiting for social housing. Drawing on 75 interviews conducted with people on the waiting-list (waitees) in three Australian states, we examine the impact of waiting on waitees utilising the concept of triple precarity. Double precarity refers to the insecure employment and housing that a substantial proportion of low-income households are experiencing in the contemporary period. We argue that waitees experience triple precarity. Not only are waitees unemployed or intermittently employed and suffer from housing stress and insecurity, but they also have to endure endless waiting. This adds another challenging dimension to their already difficult lives. We show that besides the impacts of insecure housing and employment, waiting for social housing contributes to waitees’ dire living circumstances and quality of life, difficulty finding employment and poor health. Waiting for social housing has emotional and material costs.Keywords: Social housingwaiteesendless waitingtriple precarityAustralia Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 In Australia social housing is made up of public and community housing. The former is owned and controlled by state governments whereas community housing is owned and managed by community housing providers which are non-profit organisations.2 Waiting list implies that there is some order in the allocation process and waitees merely have to wait their turn. This is clearly not accurate. There is no clear queue and waitees often have no idea if or when they will access a social housing dwelling. However, we decided to use the more familiar term ‘waiting list’ rather than the less familiar ‘housing register’ which is now the term favoured by state governments in Australia.3 In March 2023 the full government Age Pension for a single person was $532 a week and for couples it was $802. The Disability Support Pension benefit was the same as the Age Pension. The unemployment benefit was much lower—$346 a week. In addition, depending on the rent paid, households reliant mainly on government benefits are entitled to rent assistance. The maximum rent assistance in March 2023 was $78.60 a week for a single person and $74 for couples.4 There were no differences in the way waitees experienced waiting in the respective jurisdictions. Also, whether they were in a regional or metropolitan area did not have an impact. The pervasive scarcity of housing in all three states meant that the waiting experience was similar.5 When interviewed in March 2023, Natasha was still in the same accommodation. The landlord had postponed his demolition plan for the moment.6 Superannuation was introduced in 1992. An employer has to contribute a proportion of an employee’s salary into a ‘super fund’. The fund is supposed to provide for a person’s retirement.7 For","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"494 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing social housing Asset Management as a comprehensive system","authors":"Andrea Sharam","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2273459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2273459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134909457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Too close for comfort? Impact of pandemic residential environment on women’s life satisfaction and spousal relationships","authors":"Jeremy Lim-Soh, Poh Lin Tan, Nikhitha Mary Mathew","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2272840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2272840","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in criminal justice involvement among renters in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit properties","authors":"Laura Witte, Jack Tsai, Paula Cuccaro, Andrea Link, Vanessa Cox, Vanessa Schick","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2266383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2266383","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn the United States, the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is the main way that the federal government subsidizes place-based housing for low-income individuals including those with experiences of homelessness. Although these communities are at risk of criminal justice involvement (CJI), the relationship between living in LIHTC housing and CJI remains underexplored. This study analyzed data on a retrospective cohort of LIHTC supportive housing residents to examine changes in CJI after move-in and how residents with CJI and without CJI after move-in differed. Compared to the time period before move-in, arrests, convictions, and time sentenced to confinement decreased significantly after move-in. Age, sex, and more extensive criminal history were significantly associated with CJI after move-in. Using negative binomial regression, increasing time in housing was associated with decreasing arrests, convictions, and time sentenced to confinement after move-in.Keywords: Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC)supportive housinghomelessnesslow-incomecriminal justice involvement AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank the leadership, staff, and residents of New Hope Housing, Inc. (NHH) without whom this study would not be possible.Disclosure statementThis research was funded by New Hope Housing, Inc. (NHH). NHH had no input on analysis or reporting of these results. The primary author has disclosed these interests fully to Taylor & Francis and has in place an approved plan for managing any potential conflicts arising from this arrangement. This work was also supported by the Health Professions Education Evaluation and Research (HPEER) fellowship, through the VA Office of Academic Affiliations Advanced Fellowships Program. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the HPEER program or the Department of Veterans Affairs.Additional informationFundingThis research was funded by New Hope Housing, Inc. This work was also supported by Health Professions Education Evaluation and Research fellowship through the VA Office of Academic Affiliations Advanced Fellowships Program (3HPECCD2020).Notes on contributorsLaura WitteLaura Witte, DrPH, MPH is an advanced postdoctoral fellow at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs in the Health Professions Education Evaluation and Research and the National Center on Homelessness among Veterans fellowships. Her community-based research focuses on the health of veterans, LGBTQ+ communities, and individuals experiencing homelessness and incarceration.Jack TsaiJack Tsai, PhD, MSCP serves as Campus Dean and Professor of Public Health at the UTHealth School of Public Health. He also serves as Research Director for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans and is an Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Yale University School of Medicine. He has received federally funded grants and publishe","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing cost, consistency, and context and their relationship to health","authors":"Jinhee Yun, Megan E. Hatch","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2266391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2266391","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHousing insecurity is associated with myriad negative outcomes for individuals and communities. Less understood is the indirect and direct relationships between specific types of housing insecurity and health. Using Swope and Hernández’s (Citation2019) 4C’s of housing insecurity, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), structural equation modelling, and binary logistic regression, we examine the relationship between different types of housing insecurity and mental and general health. We find housing cost independently decreases health outcomes while consistency insecurity indirectly affects health by increasing cost burdens. Most forms of housing cost, consistency, and context insecurity have independent and significant negative associations with short-term (12 month) and medium-term (seven to eight years) mental health. This suggests policymakers and advocates should place greater emphasis on housing assistance as an entitlement and cash assistance that vulnerable populations can use to address the cause of their specific type of housing insecurity.Keywords: Housing insecurityhealthhousing affordabilitycost burdenmental health AcknowledgementsWe thank the reviewers and editors for their helpful comments, which greatly improved this manuscript’s quality. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2021 American Society for Public Administration conference.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 The most recent wave (wave V) was not fully released in time for this project.2 The final analytic sample used for this study is a subset of the original wave IV Add Health sample of 15,071 individuals. This sample consists of a total 11,303 respondents who possess non-missing data for all variables in the analysis (to avoid the need for data imputation).3 We do not include contextual variables in wave III in this model because of model stability issues. However, we get substantively similar results when including the context variables in wave III in our models.4 The SEM result without weights is largely similar to that of the analysis with weights, with three exceptions. As we expected, racial minority groups are statistically and significantly more likely to have housing insecurity for the unweighted SEM because Add Health oversampled racial minority parents with higher education (Chen & Chantala, Citation2014; Harris et al., Citation2009). Females are more likely to have a cost burden in wave IV (p < 0.001), and consistency in wave III and earlier has significant negative effects on general health (p < 0.001).Additional informationNotes on contributorsJinhee YunJinhee Yun is an Associate Research Fellow in the Department of Housing Culture Research at AURI (Architecture & Urban Research Institute). Her research focuses on poverty, the consequences of inequality, and the impacts of unequal access to opportunities, particularly on housing, ne","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At home in the ‘home’? Narratives of home in repertoires of institutional dining","authors":"Michal Synek, Dana Hradcová","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2262949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2262949","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractHome is not only a concrete place and a complex system of relations, but also an end-in-view that connects perceived shortcomings in the current versions of home with the desired goals and the means to achieve them. Our case study centres on a dining improvement project which strives to create home in residential institutions for people identified as disabled by serving a ‘home-like meal’. We describe three versions of home that are enacted in residential institutions – home as a commune, home as a private space and home as an intimate sphere – and document how they influence the serving of meals. We combine pragmatic theory of valuation with ethnographic research of home-making practices to assess the feasibility of these ends-in-view in relation to the housing options available to the disabled-identified. We show that when the realization of the chosen goals proves unfeasible under present circumstances, the discrepancies between the desired and actual versions of home can be effaced through various re-contextualization strategies. Of the three versions of home encountered during our intervention/research, the home enacted as an intimate sphere is the one most firmly grounded in clients’ real wishes and needs, and therefore the one most favourable to positive change.Keywords: Residential homeinstitutional diningpragmatic theory of valuation AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Liat Ben-Moshe for convening the Critical Disability Studies Caucus II The home which is not one: Disability and institutional ‘home’ at the American Studies Association’s Annual Meeting in Denver, CO, in 2016, where material used in this article was first presented, and for her stimulating comments. For their comments on previous versions of the article, we would also like to thank Terezie Lokšová and other students of Zdeněk Konopásek’s doctoral seminars at the Centre for Theoretical Study of Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, as well as Jeannette Pols, Walter Lorenz, Kateřina Lišková, Andrea Bělehradová, Lenka Hadarová and the anonymous reviewers of Housing Studies. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to the inhabitants (past and present) and employees of the residential institutions where our research for this article took place.The meal improvement intervention described in the article was realized as part of the ‘Gerontological and organisational supervision’ project, a joint project of the Gerontological Centre, the Faculty of Humanities of Charles University and the Czech Alzheimer Society. It obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Gerontological Centre and was implemented with the agreement of the Regional Authority. The Czech Science Foundation’s grant GA ČR 19-07724S/P404, through which the analysis of the data and the publication of the article was supported, obtained ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Humanities of Charles University.Disclosure statement","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"227 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination against people with mental, physical or visual disabilities in the French rental housing market: field experiment","authors":"Alexandre Flage, Julie Le Gallo","doi":"10.1080/02673037.2023.2266412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2266412","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWe implement correspondence testing to detect and assess the extent of discrimination against people with disabilities in the French rental housing market. By sending 1,750 emails in a matched-pair procedure, we provide evidence of significant and extensive discrimination against blind people with a guide dog, individuals with mental disabilities, and individuals with motor impairments in the process of rented housing allocation. However, the primary cause of discrimination against blind individuals appears to stem from the presence of the guide dog, rather than the disability itself. Our results are also consistent with the presence of statistical discrimination (particularly based on financial means). We find that absolute discrimination against disabled applicants increases in accordance with the level of rent, while real estate agents discriminate significantly less against disabled applicants than private landlords.Keywords: Disabilitydiscriminationtestinghousing marketfield experimentJEL CLASSIFICATION: C93C12J14R21 Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 French law n° 2008-496 of May 27, 2008: ‘Constitutes direct discrimination the situation in which, on the basis of their origin, gender, disability, sexual orientation, etc., one person is treated less favorably than another is, has been or will have been in a comparable situation. Constitutes indirect discrimination a provision, a criterion or a practice that is neutral in appearance, but likely to entail, for one of the reasons mentioned in the first paragraph, a particular disadvantage for people compared to other people, unless this provision, this criterion or this practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and that the means to achieve this aim are necessary and appropriate.’2 For instance, on June 28, 2005, the 17th Correctional Chamber of the Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris condemned a landlord who had refused to rent an apartment in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, located on the 6th floor with an elevator, on the grounds that the prospective tenant was a disabled person.3 By able-bodied person, we mean a person without physical and/or mental disabilities.4 https://www.ifop.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/118472-Presentation.pdf5 By first stage, we mean the stage of expression of interest, where the applicant expresses their interest and contacts the landlord, who chooses to reply or not. The second stage usually involves the selected applicants visiting the rented property and the signing of a rental agreement between the landlord and the selected applicant. Therefore, while we measure the extent of discrimination at the first stage of the process, further discrimination can still happen at the second stage.6 Indeed, this study compares response rates for disabled applicants and able-bodied applicants when the disabled applicant is more qualified for the housing – for example, having a higher level of inco","PeriodicalId":48138,"journal":{"name":"HOUSING STUDIES","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136210695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}