Theory and Society最新文献_第3页

Intelligent-Platform Technologies and the Decline of Organic Solidarity: Durkheim’s Theory of Solidarity Revisited 智能平台技术与有机团结的衰落:重新审视迪尔凯姆的团结理论

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.17209/st.2023.07.45.91

Yeunchul Kim, Byoung-Kyo Min, C. Park

引用次数: 0

Work in Crisis: A Perspective from the Critical Theory 危机中的工作:批判理论的视角

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.17209/st.2023.07.45.47

S. Lee

引用次数: 0

Work Polarization and Social Inequality after the Digitalization: Sociological Perspectives and Tasks 数字化后的工作极化与社会不平等:社会学视角与任务

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.17209/st.2023.07.45.7

Woontaek Lim

引用次数: 0

Distinguishing but not defining: How ambivalence affects contemporary identity disclosures 区分但不定义：矛盾心理如何影响当代身份披露

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11186-023-09521-8

A. Ghaziani, A. Holmes

引用次数: 0

Prerequisites and pathways: How social categorization helps administrators determine moral worth 先决条件和途径：社会分类如何帮助管理者确定道德价值

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11186-023-09523-6

Isaac Dalke, Joss Greene

引用次数: 0

How algorithms are reshaping the exploitation of labour-power: insights into the process of labour invisibilization in the platform economy 算法如何重塑劳动力的剥削:对平台经济中劳动力隐形化过程的洞察

2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11186-023-09520-9

Lorenzo Cini

{"title":"How algorithms are reshaping the exploitation of labour-power: insights into the process of labour invisibilization in the platform economy","authors":"Lorenzo Cini","doi":"10.1007/s11186-023-09520-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-023-09520-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Marx conceives of capitalism as a production mode based on the exploitation of labour-power, whose productive consumption in the labour process is considered as the main source of value creation. Capitalists seek to obscure and secure workers’ contribution to the production process, whereas workers strive to have their contribution fully recognized. The struggle between capitalists and workers over labour-time is thus central to capital’s valorization process. Hence, capital–labour antagonism is structured over the capture and exploitation of unpaid labour-time. Building on Marx’s labour value theory, as well as on some of its contemporary interpretations, I call this struggle over labour-time capture a process of ‘invisibilization’ of labour. I claim that this invisibilization process is still a relevant form of surplus-value extraction in contemporary capitalism, especially in the platform economy, characterized by remote but pervasive control by algorithms. The rediscovery of this form of surplus-value extraction and its manifestation in platform labour is the main contribution of this study. To corroborate this contribution, I compare the case of platform labour with that of textile-clothing, where value production is more clearly based on the classical forms of surplus-value extraction (i.e., absolute and relative). This comparison helps to cast a new light on the nexus between work-process transformations and surplus-value creation, which is the core of the Marxian labour theory of value, and which – I argue – is crucial to understanding contemporary capitalist developments.","PeriodicalId":48137,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Society","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136355753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why did Trump call prayers politically correct? The coevolution of the PC notion, the authenticity ethic, and the role of the sacred in public life. 为什么特朗普称祈祷在政治上是正确的？PC概念、真实性伦理和神圣在公共生活中的作用的共同进化。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s11186-023-09518-3

Ori Schwarz

{"title":"Why did Trump call prayers politically correct? The coevolution of the PC notion, the authenticity ethic, and the role of the sacred in public life.","authors":"Ori Schwarz","doi":"10.1007/s11186-023-09518-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11186-023-09518-3","url":null,"abstract":"Trump's crusade against PC played a key role in his political rhetoric and resonated well among his supporters, yet his notion of PC differed greatly in meaning from earlier uses of the term and was used to denounce a much wider range of socio-political behaviors. Based on a systematic analysis of Trump's use of this notion, I identified five main normative propositions organizing Trump's anti-PC rhetoric. Viewed together, these propositions add up to a rehabilitation of White working-class culture but also outline an emerging late-modern version of the authenticity ethic, whose power extends far beyond the working class. This ethic (as manifested in Trump's anti-PC rhetoric) transforms the role of morality and the sacred in political drama and in symbolic struggles over social worth. Rather than presenting his commitment to moral values, ideals, and allegedly-universal rules, Trump used anti-PC rhetoric to expose and criticize the symbolic self-interests of others who speak on behalf of these values, rules, and ideals to claim superiority (and thus ironically mimicked the sociological critique of symbolic violence to legitimize bigotry). Yet, the sacred is not completely banished from political drama: authenticity as a principle of worth guiding moral evaluation and argumentation is revealed as a sacred in denial. The case of Trump's anti-PC rhetoric thus allows theorizing the implications of the authenticity ethic for the dynamics of social struggles over recognized worth and for the role of ideals in the presentation of self in politics and beyond.","PeriodicalId":48137,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10238238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9714578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trump divide among American conservative professors. 特朗普在美国保守派教授中存在分歧。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11186-023-09517-4

David L Swartz

{"title":"Trump divide among American conservative professors.","authors":"David L Swartz","doi":"10.1007/s11186-023-09517-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11186-023-09517-4","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an outpouring of research on right-wing populist conservatism since the advent of the Trump presidency and right-wing movements in Europe. Yet, little research has been devoted to divisions among conservatives themselves, especially among conservative academics. Although Trump has maintained remarkable unity within the Republican Party for electoral reasons, he has fostered sharp divisions among conservative intellectuals and academicians. This article compares 102 politically conservative professors who are Trumpists and 80 conservative professors who are anti-Trumpists. All 182 function as public intellectuals who advocate their views in print and digital media. Drawing on recent research in the sociology of intellectuals and particularly Pierre Bourdieu's analytical field perspective, this article proposes a fielding political identities and practices framework to show how these two groups of professors (Trumpists and anti-Trumpists) differ in where they teach, their intellectual orientations, their scholarly productivity, where they network with think tanks, scholarly professional associations, and government agencies, and their stances on key issues surrounding the Trump presidency. The academic Trumpists embrace the right-wing populist wave mobilized by Trump and the conservative academic critics resist this move. This polarization of views between these two groups of conservative professors is enduring and rooted in two distinct social networks that connect positions in the academic field to affiliations with think tanks, government agencies, and professional associations in the field of power that reinforce their respective political identities. This research contributes to political sociology, the sociology of intellectuals, and the sociology of conservative politics in American higher education.","PeriodicalId":48137,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9719868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planning as social practice: the formation and blockage of competitive futures in tournament chess, homebuying, and political organizing 作为社会实践的规划：国际象棋、购房和政治组织中竞争性未来的形成和阻碍

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11186-023-09516-5

Max Besbris, G. Fine

引用次数: 0

A workflow for expanding DNA barcode reference libraries through 'museum harvesting' of natural history collections. 通过 "博物馆采集 "自然历史藏品来扩展 DNA 条形码参考图书馆的工作流程。

IF 1 2区社会学

Theory and Society Pub Date : 2023-05-10 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e100677

Valerie Levesque-Beaudin, Meredith E Miller, Torsten Dikow, Scott E Miller, Sean W J Prosser, Evgeny V Zakharov, Jaclyn T A McKeown, Jayme E Sones, Niamh E Redmond, Jonathan A Coddington, Bernardo F Santos, Jessica Bird, Jeremy R deWaard

{"title":"A workflow for expanding DNA barcode reference libraries through 'museum harvesting' of natural history collections.","authors":"Valerie Levesque-Beaudin, Meredith E Miller, Torsten Dikow, Scott E Miller, Sean W J Prosser, Evgeny V Zakharov, Jaclyn T A McKeown, Jayme E Sones, Niamh E Redmond, Jonathan A Coddington, Bernardo F Santos, Jessica Bird, Jeremy R deWaard","doi":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e100677","DOIUrl":"10.3897/BDJ.11.e100677","url":null,"abstract":"Natural history collections are the physical repositories of our knowledge on species, the entities of biodiversity. Making this knowledge accessible to society - through, for example, digitisation or the construction of a validated, global DNA barcode library - is of crucial importance. To this end, we developed and streamlined a workflow for 'museum harvesting' of authoritatively identified Diptera specimens from the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Our detailed workflow includes both on-site and off-site processing through specimen selection, labelling, imaging, tissue sampling, databasing and DNA barcoding. This approach was tested by harvesting and DNA barcoding 941 voucher specimens, representing 32 families, 819 genera and 695 identified species collected from 100 countries. We recovered 867 sequences (> 0 base pairs) with a sequencing success of 88.8% (727 of 819 sequenced genera gained a barcode > 300 base pairs). While Sanger-based methods were more effective for recently-collected specimens, the methods employing next-generation sequencing recovered barcodes for specimens over a century old. The utility of the newly-generated reference barcodes is demonstrated by the subsequent taxonomic assignment of nearly 5000 specimen records in the Barcode of Life Data Systems.","PeriodicalId":48137,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"e100677"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10848567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73153164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0