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Nepotism vs. intergenerational transmission of human capital in Academia (1088–1800) 学术界人力资本的裙带关系与代际传承（1088-1800 年）
IF 2.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-024-09244-0
David de la Croix, Marc Goñi
{"title":"Nepotism vs. intergenerational transmission of human capital in Academia (1088–1800)","authors":"David de la Croix, Marc Goñi","doi":"10.1007/s10887-024-09244-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-024-09244-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have constructed a comprehensive database that traces the publications of father–son pairs in the premodern academic realm and examined the contribution of inherited human capital versus nepotism to occupational persistence. We find that human capital was strongly transmitted from parents to children and that nepotism declined when the misallocation of talent across professions incurred greater social costs. Specifically, nepotism was less common in fields experiencing rapid changes in the knowledge frontier, such as the sciences and within Protestant institutions. Most notably, nepotism sharply declined during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, when departures from meritocracy arguably became both increasingly inefficient and socially intolerable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"189 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Floods, droughts, and environmental circumscription in early state development: the case of ancient Egypt 早期国家发展中的洪水、干旱和环境限定：古埃及案例
IF 2.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-024-09243-1
Laura Mayoral, Ola Olsson
{"title":"Floods, droughts, and environmental circumscription in early state development: the case of ancient Egypt","authors":"Laura Mayoral, Ola Olsson","doi":"10.1007/s10887-024-09243-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-024-09243-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What explains the origins and survival of the first states around 5000 years ago? In this research, we focus on the role of weather-related productivity shocks for early state development in ancient Egypt. We present a framework of extractive state consolidation predicting that political stability should be high whenever <i>environmental circumscription</i> is high, i.e., whenever there is a large gap between the productivity of the area under state control (core) and that of the surrounding areas (hinterland). In such periods, the elite can impose high levels of taxation that the population will be forced to accept as exit to the hinterland is not a feasible option. In order to test this hypothesis, we develop novel proxies for both the historical productivity of the Nile banks and of the Egyptian hinterland on the basis of high-resolution paleoclimate archives. Our empirical analysis then investigates the relationship between these proxies for environmental circumscription and political outcomes such as ruler and dynastic tenure durations, the area under state control and pyramid construction during 2685–1140 BCE. Our results show that while extreme Nile floods are associated with a greater degree of political instability, periods with a greater rainfall in the hinterland (i.e., a lower effective environmental circumscription) causes a decline in state capacity and a delayed increase in political instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Religion and persecution 宗教与迫害
IF 2.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09240-w
Umair Khalil, Laura Panza
{"title":"Religion and persecution","authors":"Umair Khalil, Laura Panza","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09240-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09240-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the relationship between local religiosity and episodes of persecutions in Europe between 1100 and 1850. We introduce a novel proxy for measuring local religion: the cult of saints in early Western Christianity. Our findings show that cities with an established cult of a saint are 11% points more likely to engage in Jewish persecutions and witch trials. However, cities with more progressive gender norms, measured by the presence of a female saint cult, are less likely to persecute witches compared to male-only saint cities. Our baseline relationship persists after controlling for a range of city-level economic, geographic and institutional characteristics and after accounting for other major confounders. Suggestive evidence points towards two mechanisms behind the saints-persecution relationship: (i) changes in norms induced by longer exposure to Christianity; and (ii) proximity of religious groups due to congruence of religious festivities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labor scarcity, technology adoption and innovation: evidence from the cholera pandemics in 19th century France 劳动力稀缺、技术采用和创新：19 世纪法国霍乱大流行的证据
IF 2.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-024-09241-3
Raphaël Franck
{"title":"Labor scarcity, technology adoption and innovation: evidence from the cholera pandemics in 19th century France","authors":"Raphaël Franck","doi":"10.1007/s10887-024-09241-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-024-09241-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To analyze the impact of labor scarcity on technology adoption and innovation, this study uses the differential spread of cholera across France in 1832, 1849 and 1854, before the transmission mode of this disease was understood. The results suggest that a larger share of cholera deaths in the population, which can be causally linked to summer temperature levels, had a positive and significant short-run effect on technology adoption and innovation in agriculture but a negative and significant short-run impact on technology adoption in industry. These results can be explained by the positive impact of labor scarcity on human capital formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140001558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Educational quality and disparities in income and growth across countries 教育质量与各国收入和增长的差距
IF 2.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09239-3
Hanol Lee, Jong-Wha Lee
{"title":"Educational quality and disparities in income and growth across countries","authors":"Hanol Lee, Jong-Wha Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09239-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09239-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We construct a comprehensive database of educational quality by cohort for 92 countries from 1970 to 2015 and analyze its impact on disparities in income and growth worldwide. To estimate educational quality, we utilize secondary students’ scores on international mathematics and science tests. Additionally, we impute unobserved test scores for individual countries in non-participating survey years. Wage regressions using individual earnings data reveal considerable returns to educational quality. We estimate human capital stock by incorporating differences in educational quantity and quality by age group across countries and over time. Our newly-constructed human capital dataset enabled us to explore the role of educational quality and human capital in understanding cross-country income disparities. The findings from development and growth accounting exercises indicated a discernible contribution of educational quality to per capita income and its growth rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"328 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139580070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elites and health infrastructure improvements in industrializing regimes 工业化国家的精英和卫生基础设施的改善
IF 2.3 1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09237-5
Tommy Krieger
{"title":"Elites and health infrastructure improvements in industrializing regimes","authors":"Tommy Krieger","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09237-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09237-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We collect information about more than 5000 Prussian politicians, digitize administrative data on the provision of health-promoting public goods, and gather local-level information on workers’ movements to study why elites in industrializing countries implement policies that improve the health of the poor. Using county-level variation in elite structure, we present OLS and IV estimates, suggesting that elites improve access to health services due to pressure exerted by workers’ movements. By contrast, policies that prevent disease outbreaks are implemented without such pressure. Analyses of roll- call votes substantiate the findings of the county-level analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"24 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138518543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women legislators and economic performance 女议员与经济绩效
1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09236-6
Thushyanthan Baskaran, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Brian K. Min, Yogesh Uppal
{"title":"Women legislators and economic performance","authors":"Thushyanthan Baskaran, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Brian K. Min, Yogesh Uppal","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09236-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09236-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a phenomenal global increase in the proportion of women in politics in the last two decades, but there is no evidence of how this has influenced economic performance. We investigate this using data on competitive elections to India’s state assemblies, leveraging close elections to isolate causal effects. We find significantly higher growth in economic activity in constituencies that elect women and no evidence of negative spillovers to neighbouring male-led constituencies, consistent with net growth. Probing mechanisms, we find evidence consistent with women legislators being more efficacious, less corrupt and less vulnerable to political opportunism.","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"39 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human capital, self-esteem, and income inequality 人力资本、自尊和收入不平等
1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09235-7
Mark Gradstein, Luigi Ventura
{"title":"Human capital, self-esteem, and income inequality","authors":"Mark Gradstein, Luigi Ventura","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09235-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09235-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social mobility and economic development 社会流动和经济发展
1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09234-8
Guido Neidhöfer, Matías Ciaschi, Leonardo Gasparini, Joaquín Serrano
{"title":"Social mobility and economic development","authors":"Guido Neidhöfer, Matías Ciaschi, Leonardo Gasparini, Joaquín Serrano","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09234-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09234-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We explore the relationship between social mobility and economic development. First, we map the geography of intergenerational mobility in education for 52 Latin American regions, and examine its evolution over time. Then, through a new weighting procedure considering the level of participation of various cohorts in the economy in each year, we estimate the association between changes in mobility and regional economic indicators, such as income per capita, inequality, poverty, labor formality, and luminosity. Our findings show that increasing social mobility is consistently associated with economic development and growth in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Automation and unemployment: help is on the way 自动化和失业:帮助就在路上
1区 经济学
Journal of Economic Growth Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10887-023-09233-9
Hideki Nakamura, Joseph Zeira
{"title":"Automation and unemployment: help is on the way","authors":"Hideki Nakamura, Joseph Zeira","doi":"10.1007/s10887-023-09233-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-023-09233-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48110,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Growth","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135938616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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