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The color of coronavirus 冠状病毒的颜色
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12721
Cong S. Pham, Devashish Mitra
{"title":"The color of coronavirus","authors":"Cong S. Pham, Devashish Mitra","doi":"10.1002/soej.12721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12721","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines racial disparities in the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States, focusing on factors influencing infection and mortality rates at the county level. We find compelling evidence of disproportionate effects on ethnic minority groups, particularly Blacks, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans. Additionally, socioeconomic variables including income inequality, residential segregation and lack of health insurance coverage are identified as significant contributors to these disparities. Notably, our analysis reveals a diminishing trend in disparities over time, suggesting possible effectiveness of policy responses and/or differential preventive behaviors across racial groups. Finally, the paper identifies several mediating channels through which socioeconomic variables contribute to overall disparities.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"1240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When user error calls for a product redesign: Poverty in the United States 当用户错误要求重新设计产品时：美国的贫困问题
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12726
Gary A. Hoover
{"title":"When user error calls for a product redesign: Poverty in the United States","authors":"Gary A. Hoover","doi":"10.1002/soej.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The causal effect of repealing Certificate‐of‐Need laws for ambulatory surgical centers: Does access to medical services increase? 废除非住院手术中心需求证明法的因果效应：获得医疗服务的机会增加了吗？
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12710
Thomas Stratmann, Markus Bjoerkheim, Christopher Koopman
{"title":"The causal effect of repealing Certificate‐of‐Need laws for ambulatory surgical centers: Does access to medical services increase?","authors":"Thomas Stratmann, Markus Bjoerkheim, Christopher Koopman","doi":"10.1002/soej.12710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12710","url":null,"abstract":"In many states, Certificate‐of‐Need (CON) laws prevent ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) from entering the market or expanding their services. This paper estimates the causal effects of state ASC‐CON law repeal on the accessibility of medical services statewide, as well as for rural areas. Our findings show that CON law repeals increase ASCs per capita by 44%–47% statewide and 92%–112% in rural areas. Repealing ASC‐CON laws causes a continuous increase in ASCs per capita, an effect which levels off 10 years after repeal. Contrary to the “cream‐skimming” hypothesis, we find no evidence that CON repeal is associated with hospital closures in rural areas. Rather, some regression models show that repeal is associated with fewer medical service reductions.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revisiting the connection between state Medicaid expansions and adult mortality 重新审视州医疗补助扩展与成人死亡率之间的联系
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12719
Antonios M. Koumpias, Charles Courtemanche, Jordan W. Jones, Daniela Zapata
{"title":"Revisiting the connection between state Medicaid expansions and adult mortality","authors":"Antonios M. Koumpias, Charles Courtemanche, Jordan W. Jones, Daniela Zapata","doi":"10.1002/soej.12719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12719","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of Medicaid expansions to parents and childless adults on adult mortality. Specifically, we evaluate the long‐run effects of eight state Medicaid expansions from 1994 through 2005 on all‐cause, healthcare‐amenable, non‐healthcare‐amenable, and HIV‐related mortality rates using state‐level data. We utilize the synthetic control method to estimate effects for each treated state separately and the generalized synthetic control method to estimate average effects across all treated states. Using a 5% significance level, we find no evidence that Medicaid expansions affect any of the outcomes in any of the treated states or all of them combined. Moreover, there is no clear pattern in the signs of the estimated treatment effects. These findings imply that evidence that pre‐ACA Medicaid expansions to adults saved lives is not as clear as previously suggested.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"354 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Adam Smith's banking views influenced Hamilton, Jefferson, and the debate over the Bank of the United States 亚当-斯密的银行观点如何影响汉密尔顿、杰斐逊以及关于美国银行的辩论
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12716
Nicholas A. Curott, Lawrence H. White
{"title":"How Adam Smith's banking views influenced Hamilton, Jefferson, and the debate over the Bank of the United States","authors":"Nicholas A. Curott, Lawrence H. White","doi":"10.1002/soej.12716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12716","url":null,"abstract":"The most sophisticated monetary and banking policy advice available in the decades after 1776 was found in Adam Smith's <jats:italic>Wealth of Nations</jats:italic>. Smith recommended free competition among nationwide banks of issue with minimal legal restrictions and no legal privileges. Yet neither Alexander Hamilton nor Thomas Jefferson accepted Smith's recommendation, despite their familiarity with his arguments, and despite Scotland's positive experience while following it. We spell out Hamilton's and Jefferson's theoretical disagreements, and explain how Smith's advice did not serve either founder's political agenda. For Hamilton, competitive banking without a single privileged national bank would not do enough to strengthen the federal government. For Jefferson, any federal chartering of banks would strengthen the federal government too much at the expense of the states.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pedagogical practices and the gender gap in economics education 经济学教育中的教学实践与性别差距
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12718
Bryan Engelhardt, Marianne Johnson, Sarinda Siemers
{"title":"Pedagogical practices and the gender gap in economics education","authors":"Bryan Engelhardt, Marianne Johnson, Sarinda Siemers","doi":"10.1002/soej.12718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12718","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1970s, economists have regularly documented that women tend to underperform otherwise comparable men in introductory economics courses. Hypotheses as to why this finding is so persistent often target economists' pedagogical practices. In this paper, we leverage the changes forced by the COVID‐19 pandemic to explore several hypotheses. Leveraging a sample of more than 3000 students enrolled in introductory micro‐ and introductory macroeconomics across seven semesters, we examine the interaction between gender and course modality, returns to effort, and the composition of the final grade. We find the size of the gender performance gap, as measured by course grade, fluctuated significantly across pre‐, during, and post‐pandemic semesters. We conclude this variation is not explained by course modality or student effort measures; instead, we argue that assessment strategy may drive much of the gender gap. This suggests the de‐emphasis of multiple‐choice exams in grade composition may go a significant way to closing the gender gap in introductory economics performance.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Free Markets and Health Care: Lessons from Welfare Economics 自由市场与医疗保健：福利经济学的启示
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12720
Charles Courtemanche
{"title":"Free Markets and Health Care: Lessons from Welfare Economics","authors":"Charles Courtemanche","doi":"10.1002/soej.12720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12720","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. health care system is often criticized for being the most expensive in the world while delivering mediocre health outcomes. While policymakers on both the right and left agree about the need for reform, they disagree strongly about whether that reform should involve a smaller role for government or a larger role. At the same time, the U.S.’ high costs and mediocre health outcomes likely are at least partly attributable to lifestyle choices that occur outside of the health care system, creating another possible avenue for intervention. This introduction to the symposium on “Free Markets and Health Care” discusses how welfare economics provides a useful tool in evaluating the appropriateness of government involvement in markets related to health and health care. The papers in the symposium provide important new evidence to help inform debates about, for instance, regulations on health care providers and insurers, health insurance expansions, and policies designed to influence health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who is to put the bell on the cat? Democracy, dictatorship, and James M. Buchanan's early 1980s involvement with Pinochet's Chile 谁该为猫戴上铃铛？民主、独裁和詹姆斯-布坎南在 20 世纪 80 年代初与智利皮诺切特的关系
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12717
Andrew Farrant, Vlad Tarko
{"title":"Who is to put the bell on the cat? Democracy, dictatorship, and James M. Buchanan's early 1980s involvement with Pinochet's Chile","authors":"Andrew Farrant, Vlad Tarko","doi":"10.1002/soej.12717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12717","url":null,"abstract":"Although Milton Friedman's mid‐1970s involvement with Pinochet's Chile has generated much controversy, the claim that James M. Buchanan was similarly eager to provide Pinochet's military dictatorship with early 1980s policy advice is increasingly reported as an established fact in the vast scholarly literature on neoliberalism. This article invokes a wealth of previously ignored primary source material that sheds significant new light on Buchanan's early 1980s involvement with Chile. In particular, we evaluate whether Buchanan's May 1980 visit to Chile was an integral part of the Pinochet junta's late 1970s and early 1980s efforts to draft a new constitution. Similarly, we evaluate whether Buchanan's ideas had any significant influence on the views of Pedro Ibáñez and Carlos Cáceres (the most anti‐democratic members of Pinochet's Council of State and the primary hosts of Buchanan's May 1980 visit to Chile). Finally, we shed important new light on Buchanan's participation in the highly controversial late 1981 Mont Pèlerin Society meeting in Chile.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The skilled worker premium and labor's share of income: Recent trends in U.S. manufacturing 技术工人溢价和劳动力收入份额：美国制造业的近期趋势
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12713
Norman Sedgley, Bruce Elmslie
{"title":"The skilled worker premium and labor's share of income: Recent trends in U.S. manufacturing","authors":"Norman Sedgley, Bruce Elmslie","doi":"10.1002/soej.12713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12713","url":null,"abstract":"A well‐established literature documents the role of outsourcing and technological change in explaining the growing skills premium in the U.S. economy from the 1970s through the late 1990s. In the 1980s labor's share of income relative to capital also began to decline. These two trends continue through the great recession. Separate literatures identify different reasons for the change in the skills premium and the decline in labor's share. This article considers the explanations for these two phenomena in a unified framework. The analysis is based on U.S. manufacturing data from 2002 through 2017, a period when there were significant shifts in the rate of growth in outsourcing and market concentration.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for two‐stage M‐estimators: Easing analytic and coding demands via the use of numerical derivatives 向博士生介绍两阶段 M-估计器的渐近推理：通过使用数值导数降低分析和编码要求
IF 1.9 4区 经济学
Southern Economic Journal Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/soej.12712
Joseph V. Terza
{"title":"Introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for two‐stage M‐estimators: Easing analytic and coding demands via the use of numerical derivatives","authors":"Joseph V. Terza","doi":"10.1002/soej.12712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12712","url":null,"abstract":"Applications of two‐stage M‐estimators (2SMEs) abound in empirical economics. Asymptotic theory for 2SMEs (correct formulation of the asymptotic standard errors [ASE]) has been available for decades. Nevertheless, due to the daunting nature of the requisite matrix formulations, when conducting statistical inference based on two‐stage estimates, applied researchers often implement bootstrapping methods or ignore the two‐stage nature of the estimator and report the uncorrected second‐stage outputs from packaged statistical software. In the present paper, we offer teachers of econometrics a pedagogical approach for introducing Ph.D. students to asymptotic inference for 2SMEs, with a view toward easier software implementation and empirical application. We seek to demonstrate to students (and their teachers) that the analytic and coding demands for calculating correct ASEs for the 2SME need not be burdensome (or prohibitive). The main instructional (and practical) innovation that we offer in this regard is our suggested use of numerical derivative (ND) software for calculating the most challenging components of the ASE formulations. An exercise demonstrates to the student that, by implementing ND software, one can overcome the analytic and coding impediments to conducting inference based on 2SMEs, without abandoning rigor.","PeriodicalId":47946,"journal":{"name":"Southern Economic Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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