Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society最新文献

{"title":"From Microcosm to Macrocosm: Adaptive Radiation of Darwin’s Finches","authors":"P. Grant, B. Grant","doi":"10.1093/evolinnean/kzae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolinnean/kzae006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this perspective we show the value of studying living organisms in the field to understand their history. Darwin’s finches are an iconic example of the early stages of speciation in a young adaptive radiation that produced 18 species in little more than a million years. The question they pose is how and why so many species originated and diversified rapidly. A long-term study of four species on the small island of Daphne Major, combined with genomic investigations, provide some answers in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Beak size and shape, as well as body size, are key heritable features involved in both ecological and reproductive isolation, and their evolution by natural selection is caused by competitor species during prolonged droughts. Introgressive hybridization of related species is rare but recurring, apparently widespread, increases genetic variation and does not incur a fitness cost. Hybridization can produce a new species. We use a phylogeny based on whole genome sequences to infer morphological transitions in the radiation. Several lines of evidence indicate that some species are missing from the early phase of the radiation due to extinction. Combining these results, we recast the classical allopatry-then-sympatry theory of adaptive radiation as a competition-selection-hybridization process that generates a diversity of species.","PeriodicalId":479458,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistent accumulation of transposable elements in species of the Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiny-leg adaptive radiation across the archipelago chronosequence","authors":"Heidi Yang, C. Goubert, Darko D. Cotoras, Dimitar Dimitrov, Natalie R Graham, José Cerca, Rosemary G. Gillespie","doi":"10.1093/evolinnean/kzae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolinnean/kzae005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ecological and phenotypic diversity observed in oceanic island radiations presents an evolutionary paradox: a high level of genetic variation is typically required for diversification, but species colonizing a new island commonly suffer from founder effects. This reduction in population size leads to lower genetic diversity, which ultimately results in a reduction in the efficiency of natural selection. Then, what is the source of genetic variation which acts as the raw material for ecological and phenotypic diversification in oceanic archipelagos? Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements that have been linked to the generation of genetic diversity, and evidence suggests that TE activity and accumulation along the genome can result from reductions in population size. Here, we use the Hawaiian spiny-leg spider radiation (Tetragnatha) to test whether TE accumulation increases due to demographic processes associated with island colonization. We sequenced and quantified TEs in 23 individuals representing 16 species from the spiny-leg radiation and 4 individuals from its sister radiation, the Hawaiian web-building Tetragnatha. Our results show that founder effects resulting from colonization of new islands have not resulted in TE accumulation over evolutionary time. Specifically, we found no evidence for increase in abundance of specific TE superfamilies, nor an accumulation of ‘young TEs’ in lineages which have recently colonized a new island or are present in islands with active volcanoes. We also found that the DNA/hAT transposon superfamily is by far the most abundant TE superfamily in the Tetragnatha radiation. This work shows that there is no clear trend of increasing TE abundance for the spiny-leg radiation across the archipelago chronosequence, and TE accumulation is not affected by population oscillations associated with island colonization events. Therefore, despite their known role in the generation of genetic diversity, TE activity does not appear to be the mechanism explaining the evolutionary paradox of insular diversification in the Tetragnatha spiny-leg radiation.","PeriodicalId":479458,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the integration of speciation research","authors":"Sean Stankowski, A. Cutter, I. Satokangas, Brian A. Lerch, Jonathan Rolland, Carole M Smadja, J. C. Segami Marzal, Christopher R Cooney, P. Feulner, Fabricius Maia Chaves Bicalho Domingos, Henry L North, Ryo Yamaguchi, R. Butlin, Jochen B W Wolf, Jenn M Coughlan, Patrick Heidbreder, Rebeca Hernández-Gutiérrez, Karen B. Barnard-Kubow, D. Peede, Loïs Rancilhac, Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador, Ken A Thompson, Elizabeth A Stacy, L. Moyle, Martin D. Garlovsky, Arif Maulana, Annina Kantelinen, N. I. Cacho, Hilde Schneemann, Marisol Domínguez, Erik B. Dopman, Konrad Lohse, Sina J Rometsch, Aaron A. Comeault, R. M. Merrill, Elizabeth S C Scordato, Sonal Singhal, Varpu Pärssinen, A. R. Lackey, Sanghamitra Kumar, Joana I Meier, Nicholas H Barton, Christelle Fraïsse, M. Ravinet, J. Kulmuni","doi":"10.1093/evolinnean/kzae001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/evolinnean/kzae001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Speciation research–the scientific field focused on understanding the origin and diversity of species–has a long and complex history. While relevant to one another, the specific goals and activities of speciation researchers are highly diverse, and scattered across a collection of different perspectives. Thus, our understanding of speciation will benefit from efforts to bridge scientific findings and the diverse people who do the work. In this paper, we outline two ways of integrating speciation research–(i) scientific integration, through the bringing together of ideas, data and approaches, and (ii) social integration, by creating ways for a diversity of researchers to participate in the scientific process. We then discuss five challenges to integration: (1) the multidisciplinary nature of speciation research, (2) the complex language of speciation, (3) a bias toward certain study systems, (4) the challenges of working across scales, and (5) inconsistent measures and reporting standards. We provide practical steps that individuals and groups can take to help overcome these challenges, and argue that integration is a team effort in which we all have a role to play.","PeriodicalId":479458,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}