Scientific Investigations Report最新文献

{"title":"Long-term water-quality constituent trends in the Little Arkansas River, south-central Kansas, 1995–2021","authors":"Mandy L. Stone, Brian J. Klager","doi":"10.3133/sir20235102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135750154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"So, you want to build a decision-support tool? Assessing successes, barriers, and lessons learned for tool design and development","authors":"Amanda D. Stoltz, Amanda E. Cravens, Nicole M. Herman-Mercer, Chung Yi Hou","doi":"10.3133/sir20235076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135401855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of high-resolution single channel seismic data for use in sediment resource evaluation, eastern Texas and western Louisiana Continental Shelf, Gulf of Mexico","authors":"James G. Flocks, Arnell S. Forde, Stephen T. Bosse","doi":"10.3133/sir20235093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235093","url":null,"abstract":"First posted August 4, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center 600 4th Street South St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Contact Pubs Warehouse Shallow subsurface geologic data recorded as high-resolution seismic profiles are used to interpret the geology of coastal and marine systems. These data were originally recorded on paper rolls that are stored in geophysical archives. Data collection has since converted to entirely digital formats, yet the analog data are still useful for geologic interpretation. This report describes the process of recovering analog copies of seismic profiles from physical archives, electronically scanning, and converting them to industry-standard digital format. The recovered data are also reviewed and assessed for potential sediment resources. The data recovered in this study were collected from the Gulf of Mexico continental shelf offshore of East Texas and West Louisiana. The project is a collaborative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135947820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic, chromium, uranium, and vanadium in rock, alluvium, and groundwater, Mojave River and Morongo Areas, western Mojave Desert, southern California","authors":"John A. Izbicki, Krishangi D. Groover, Whitney A. Seymour","doi":"10.3133/sir20235089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235089","url":null,"abstract":"First posted October 16, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director,California Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey6000 J Street, Placer HallSacramento, California 95819 Trace elements within groundwater that originate from aquifer materials and pose potential public-health hazards if consumed are known as geogenic contaminants. The geogenic contaminants arsenic, chromium, and vanadium can form negatively charged ions with oxygen known as oxyanions. Uranium complexes with bicarbonate and carbonate to form negatively charged ions having aqueous chemistry similar to oxyanions. The concentrations of arsenic, chromium, uranium, and vanadium in groundwater result from the combined effects of (1) geologic abundance within aquifer materials; (2) the fraction of these elements that have weathered from and sorbed to the surfaces of mineral grains and are potentially available to groundwater; and (3) the aqueous chemistry of dissolved oxyanions in groundwater during different redox conditions and pH, both of which are affected by hydrogeology, including the length of time groundwater has been in contact with aquifer materials. Concentrations of arsenic, chromium, uranium, and vanadium were measured in samples of (1) rock, surficial alluvium, and drill cuttings using portable (handheld) X-ray fluorescence (pXRF); (2) operationally defined fractions extractable from these materials; and (3) water from wells sampled between 2000 and 2018 within the 3,500 square mile Mojave River area and Morongo area of the western Mojave Desert, southern California.Regionally, rock and surficial alluvium in the Mojave River and Morongo areas are high in arsenic, low in chromium and uranium, and near the average bulk continental crust concentration for vanadium. Locally, high chromium concentrations are present in mafic rock within the San Gabriel Mountains; high uranium concentrations are present in felsic rock within the San Bernardino Mountains; and high arsenic, uranium, and vanadium concentrations are present in extrusive (volcanic) felsic rock within uplands surrounding groundwater basins along the Mojave River downstream from Barstow, California. Elemental assemblages identified using principal component analyses (PCA) of pXRF data were used to characterize felsic, mafic, and felsic volcanic source terranes in rock, surficial alluvium, and in geologic material penetrated by selected monitoring wells drilled between 1994 and 2018. Highly felsic alluvium associated with recent deposition from the Mojave River was identified along the 90-mile length of the floodplain aquifer along the river. The thickness of these highly felsic alluvial deposits ranged from 200 feet (ft) near Victorville and near Barstow to a thin veneer about 30 ft thick downstream from Victorville and downstream portions of the floodplain aquifer within the Mojave Valley.Groundwater in the Mojave River and Morongo areas was generally oxic and alkaline (pH≥7.5). Maximum concentrations of ar","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentiometric surfaces (2013, 2015), groundwater quality (2010–15), and water-level changes (2011–13, 2013–15) in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in Arkansas","authors":"Anna M. Nottmeier, Katherine J. Knierim, Phillip D. Hays","doi":"10.3133/sir20235103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235103","url":null,"abstract":"First posted September 28, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100Nashville, TN 37211Contact Pubs Warehouse The Sparta-Memphis aquifer, present across much of eastern Arkansas, is the second most used groundwater resource in the State, with the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer being the primary groundwater resource. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Arkansas Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Division, Arkansas Geological Survey, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Union County Water Conservation Board, and the Union County Conservation District, collects groundwater data across the Sparta-Memphis aquifer extent in Arkansas. This report presents water-level data for measurements conducted during two time periods, January–May 2013 and January–June 2015, and discusses water-level altitude changes for the 2011–13 and 2013–15 periods in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer. Accompanying water-level data in this report include groundwater-quality data for the period 2010–15 in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer. Groundwater data can guide ongoing and future groundwater-monitoring efforts and inform management of the aquifers in Arkansas.Water levels measured at 306 wells from January to May 2013 and 273 wells from January to June 2015 are graphically presented as potentiometric-surface maps. Measurements from 2011, 2013, and 2015 were used in the construction of 2011–13 and 2013–15 water-level change maps. Select long-term hydrographs are included in the report to illustrate water-level changes at the local scale.Water-level data show the influence of climate, pumping, and conservation and management efforts on groundwater levels. With respect to climate, the study area experienced extreme drought conditions between January 2011 and December 2012. The proximate effects of drought—increased evapotranspiration, decreased recharge, and increased irrigation needs—resulted in water-level declines that were particularly notable in the northern and central portions of the study area.Groundwater sampled in 2010–15 from 148 wells completed in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer was analyzed for specific conductance, pH, chloride (Cl) concentration, and bromide (Br) concentration. In 2015, groundwater-quality data from 103 wells completed in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer had a median specific conductance of 356 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius and a median Cl concentration of 9.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The data show two areas of higher Cl (greater than 10 mg/L) and higher Br (greater than 0.5 mg/L) concentrations in Union, Calhoun, and Bradley Counties in southern Arkansas and Monroe and Phillips Counties in eastern-central Arkansas. A Cl and Br mixing model indicates the two regions of wells may have different sources of higher salinity. In the greater Union County area, water in most wells may be a mixture of recharge or prec","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135801695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeology and simulated groundwater availability in reaches 3 and 4 of the Washita River aquifer, southern Oklahoma, 1980–2017","authors":"Ian M.J. Rogers, S. Jerrod Smith, Nicole C. Gammill, Natalie J. Gillard, Kayla A. Lockmiller, Evin J. Fetkovich, Jessica S. Correll, Sean P. Hussey","doi":"10.3133/sir20235072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235072","url":null,"abstract":"First posted August 25, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Oklahoma-Texas Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey1505 Ferguson LaneAustin, TX 78754–4501Contact Pubs Warehouse The 1973 Oklahoma Groundwater Law (Oklahoma Statutes §82–1020.5) requires that the Oklahoma Water Resources Board conduct hydrologic investigations of the State’s aquifers to determine the maximum annual yield for each groundwater basin. Because more than 20 years have elapsed since the final order was issued, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, conducted an updated hydrologic investigation and evaluated the effects of potential groundwater withdrawals on groundwater flow and availability in reaches 3 and 4 of the Washita River aquifer in southern Oklahoma for a study period spanning 1980–2017. A hydrogeologic framework and conceptual model were developed to guide the construction and calibration of a numerical model of the Washita River aquifer. The numerical model was calibrated to water-table-altitude observations at selected wells, base-flow observations at selected U.S. Geological Survey streamgages, and the conceptual-model recharge.Three types of groundwater-availability scenarios were run using the calibrated numerical model. These scenarios were used to (1) estimate equal-proportionate-share pumping rates, (2) quantify the potential effects of projected well withdrawals on groundwater storage over a 50-year period, and (3) simulate the potential effects of a hypothetical 10-year drought. With Washita River main-stem inflows, the 20-, 40-, and 50-year equal-proportionate-share pumping rates under normal recharge conditions were about 3.08 acre-feet per acre per year for reach 3 and about 3.80 acre-feet per acre per year for reach 4. Projected 50-year pumping scenarios were used to simulate the effects of modified well withdrawal rates. Because well withdrawals were less than 1 percent of the calibrated numerical-model water budget, changes to the well pumping rates had little effect on Washita River base flows and groundwater storage in the Washita River aquifer. A hypothetical 10-year drought scenario was used to simulate the potential effects of a prolonged period of reduced recharge on groundwater storage. Groundwater storage at the end of the drought period was 4.6 percent less than the groundwater storage of the calibrated numerical model at the end of the drought period.","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lead exposure on birds breeding in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District","authors":"Rebecka Brasso, Danielle Cleveland, Frank R. Thompson, David E. Mosby, Kathy Hixson, Melissa Roach, Barnett A. Rattner, Natalie K. Karouna-Renier, Julia S. Lankton","doi":"10.3133/sir20235032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235032","url":null,"abstract":"First posted August 11, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Columbia Environmental Research CenterU.S. Geological Survey4200 New Haven RoadColumbia, MO 65201Contact Pubs Warehouse Lead mining in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District began in the 1700s and continued for nearly 300 years; the waste piles associated with smelting, mining, and milling of lead ores have released metal residues that have contaminated soil and water in the region. Previous studies in the district have indicated potential harm to wildlife, including birds, because of elevated lead concentrations associated with mining. Exposure to soil-borne lead was correlated with elevated lead concentrations in tissues, inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δALAD), and renal lesions in birds foraging on ground-dwelling invertebrates at contaminated sites (compared to reference sites) in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District.This study assessed reproductive outcomes for songbirds exposed to soil-borne lead in the district, examined the relation between lead concentrations in soils and in tissues of ground-feeding birds and prey species, and compared the results to literature-based toxicity thresholds for lead that are associated with negative effects in birds. Three lead-contaminated sites and three reference sites (with background concentrations of lead and no known mining inputs) were compared in two ways: individually to all other sites or by site type. Additional effects of lead exposure were evaluated by examining concentrations of biomarkers (oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and deoxyribonucleic acid damage) in liver tissues, δALAD inhibition, and renal and hepatic microscopic lesions in birds from lead-contaminated and reference sites.Lead concentrations in soil were site-dependent and were also generally heterogeneous within the lead-contaminated sites. Between 17 and 74 percent of all soil samples at contaminated sites had lead concentrations that exceeded a threshold (1,000 milligrams per kilogram [mg/kg] lead in soil) previously associated with adverse physiological effects in birds in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District. Lead concentrations in mixed invertebrates from lead-contaminated sites (282 to 2,230 mg/kg dry weight [dw]) indicated that consuming soil-dwelling prey species is a potential exposure pathway for adult birds and their broods. At lead-contaminated sites, lead concentrations in 40.5 percent of blood samples (adults and their broods) were within a subclinical effects range (0.9 to 2.3 mg/kg dw), and 18.7 percent of samples had lead concentrations that exceeded clinical effects criteria (greater than 2.3 mg/kg dw). In contrast, only 2.6 percent of blood samples from reference sites were within the subclinical effects range for lead; all other blood samples from the reference sites had lead concentrations representative of background concentrations (less than 0.9 mg/kg dw). Subclinical and clinical threshold e","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136079652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood-inundation maps for Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky","authors":"Justin A. Boldt","doi":"10.3133/sir20235068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235068","url":null,"abstract":"First posted August 14, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey5957 Lakeside Blvd.Indianapolis, IN 46278-1996Contact Pubs Warehouse Digital flood-inundation maps for a 3.4-mile reach of Fourmile Creek at Silver Grove, Kentucky, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Silver Grove and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Louisville District. Because the City of Silver Grove is subject to flooding from Fourmile Creek and the Ohio River (backwater flooding up Fourmile Creek), a set of flood-inundation maps was created, including maps for each flooding source considered independently and for possible scenarios involving flooding from both sources combined. The flood-inundation maps depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to a range of gage heights (gage height is commonly referred to as “stage,” or the water-surface elevation at a streamgage) at the USGS streamgage on Fourmile Creek at Grays Crossing at Silver Grove, Ky. (station number 03238785), and the USGS streamgage on Fourmile Creek at Highway 8 at Silver Grove, Ky. (station number 03238798). Near-real-time stages at these streamgages can be obtained from the USGS National Water Information System at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/. The USGS streamgage on the Ohio River at Cincinnati, Ohio (station number 03255000), is also important in this study because the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS; https://water.weather.gov/ahps/) forecasts flood hydrographs for this site (NWS AHPS site CCNO1). The peak-stage information forecast by the NWS AHPS can be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.Flood profiles were computed for the Fourmile Creek study reach by means of a one-dimensional, step-backwater hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relation (USGS rating number 1.1) at USGS streamgage 03238785, Fourmile Creek at Grays Crossing at Silver Grove, Ky. The model was then used to compute water-surface profiles for 83 combinations of flood stages on the Ohio River and Fourmile Creek ranging from approximately base flow to greater than a 2-percent annual exceedance probability flood in the model reach. An additional 50 water-surface profiles were computed for backwater-only flooding (from the Ohio River) for flood elevations (referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) at 1-foot intervals referenced to USGS streamgage 03238798, Fourmile Creek at Highway 8 at Silver Grove, Ky.; these elevations ranged from approximately normal pool (460 ft, NAVD 88) to approximately a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood (509 ft, NAVD 88) on the Ohio River. The computed water-surface profile information was then combined with a digital ele","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bathymetric contour maps, surface area and capacity tables, and bathymetric change maps for selected water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri, 2021","authors":"Benjamin C. Rivers, Richard J. Huizinga, Joseph M. Richards, Garett J. Waite","doi":"10.3133/sir20235108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235108","url":null,"abstract":"First posted October 6, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Central Midwest Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey1400 Independence RoadRolla, MO 65401Contact Pubs Warehouse Bathymetric data were collected at 12 water-supply lakes in northeastern Missouri by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) and various local agencies, as part of a multiyear effort to establish or update the surface area and capacity tables for the surveyed lakes. The lakes were surveyed in March through May 2021. Ten of the lakes had been surveyed previously by the USGS, and the recent surveys were compared to the earlier surveys to document the changes in the bathymetric surface and capacity of the lakes.Bathymetric data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam mapping system mounted on a boat. Supplemental depth data at five of the lakes were collected in shallow areas with an acoustic Doppler current profiler on a remote-controlled boat. Data points from the various sources were exported at a gridded data resolution appropriate to each lake, either 0.82 foot, 1.64 feet, or 3.28 feet. Data outside the multibeam survey extent and greater than the surveyed water-surface elevation were obtained from data collected using aerial light detection and ranging (lidar) point cloud data. A linear enforcement technique was used to add points to the dataset in areas of sparse data (the upper ends of coves where the water was shallow or aquatic vegetation precluded data acquisition) based on surrounding multibeam and upland data values. The various point datasets were used to produce a three-dimensional triangulated irregular network surface of the lake-bottom elevations for each lake. A surface area and capacity table was produced from the three-dimensional surface for each lake showing surface area and capacity at specified lake water-surface elevations. Various quality-assurance tests were conducted to ensure quality data were collected with the multibeam, including beam angle checks and patch tests. Additional quality-assurance tests were conducted on the gridded bathymetric data from the survey, the bathymetric surface created from the gridded data, and the contours created from the bathymetric survey.If there were data from a previous bathymetric survey for a given lake, a bathymetric change map was generated from the elevation difference between the previous survey and the 2021 bathymetric survey data points. After reconciling any vertical datum disagreement between the previous survey data and the 2021 survey datum, coincident points between the surveys were identified, and a bathymetric change map was generated using the coincident point data.The mean elevation change between all repeat surveys at most lakes was positive, indicating sedimentation. Relative to previous surveys, the change in capacity at the primary spillway elevation ranged from a 7.7-percent decrease at Memphis Rese","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in environmental, anthropogenic, and water-quality characteristics in the upper White River Basin, Indiana","authors":"G.F. Koltun","doi":"10.3133/sir20235025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235025","url":null,"abstract":"First posted April 14, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey 5957 Lakeside Blvd. Indianapolis, IN 46278-1996Contact Pubs Warehouse The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy, undertook a study to update and extend results from a previous study (Koltun, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195119), using data from 3 additional years and newer estimation methods. Koltun (2019) assessed trends in streamflow, precipitation, and estimated annual mean concentrations and flux of nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids (TSS) for USGS streamflow gages on the upper White River at Muncie, near Nora, and near Centerton, Indiana. Annual mean and maximum daily streamflows had statistically significant upward trends at all study gages between water years 1978 and 2020. An abrupt increase in streamflow occurred around water year 2001. Annual total precipitation at the Indianapolis International Airport increased between calendar years 1932 and 2020 at an average rate of 0.089 inches per year.The current study assessed the magnitude, direction, and likelihood of change in flow-normalized concentrations and flux of TSS, total phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen between water years 1997 and 2019. With two exceptions, concentration and flux changes that were statistically significant in Koltun (2019, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20195119), which reported changes between water years 1997 and 2017, still have the same statistically significant change directions. The reliability of the current trend result for TSS is uncertain because of a large gap in the TSS record for the Centerton gage.For each constituent, spatial patterns were examined in the sampled distribution of nutrient and TSS concentration data from 20 mainstem, tributary, and distributary locations in the upper White River Basin. The largest median concentrations of TSS, total phosphorus, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were associated with mainstem upper White River sites downstream from Indianapolis. The median total phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were elevated relative to bracketing upstream/downstream mainstem sites at the upper White River site immediately downstream from Muncie.Data on several anthropogenic factors that could influence the concentrations and fluxes of nutrients and TSS were gathered and analyzed to better understand the factors’ spatial and temporal variations. Those anthropogenic factors included population, land cover, cropping and operational tillage practices, fertilizer application, and upgrades to wastewater treatment systems and delivery processes.","PeriodicalId":478589,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Investigations Report","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}