{"title":"Revitalisasi Hubungan China-India Melalui Peran Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) : Perspektif Konstruktivisme","authors":"Fetra Ardianto","doi":"10.31479/jualter.v14i1.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31479/jualter.v14i1.52","url":null,"abstract":"China and India were born as two economic giants which cooperate with each other in an economic association known as BRICS. However, the rivalry between the two countries is inevitable and continues, especially in the border areas. Seeing these conditions, China and Russia are trying to invite India to join as a permanent member of the Shanghai Cooperations Organization (SCO). The invitation received a positive response from the Indian side, where on 9 June 2017 India officially joined as a permanent member of the SCO. This study focuses on the role of SCO in efforts to revitalize relations between China and India. In general, it can be concluded that there are two roles performed by the SCO in an effort to revitalize relations between the two countries, namely through cooperation in the security and economic fields. In particular, by using the constructivism perspective, it can be understood that in this case the SCO acts as a form of collective identity and as a form of behavioral standards or norms. The formation of a collective identity carried out by the SCO, in this case serves to direct the relations between China and India into a strong bond of friendship. In addition, with the norms or standards of behavior established by the SCO, China and India in this case will certainly try to restrain themselves from conflict with each other because of the bonds of these norms that must be obeyed by each SCO member country.","PeriodicalId":477140,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Alternatif - Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135655165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ASEAN sebagai Lingkaran Konsentris Pertama Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Rizky Andis Rafaldhanis","doi":"10.31479/jualter.v14i1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31479/jualter.v14i1.54","url":null,"abstract":"Harus disadari bahwa dalam pembuatan kebijakan luar negeri RI ada satu konsep yang sering mempengaruhi proses pembuatan kebijakan luar negeri tersebut, konsep ini dinamakan Lingkaran Konsentris. Konsep ini telah menjadi panduan bagaimana Indonesia melakukan kerjasama regional serta memudahkan seorang pembuat kebijakan dalam membuat kebijakan luar negeri dengan menggunakan skala prioritas berdasarkan wilayah mana yang dianggap lebih penting. Wilayah yang paling penting adalah wilayah yang paling dekat dengan Indonesia yaitu wilayah Asia Tenggara atau lebih luasnya, Asia-Pasifik dan Indo-Pasifik. ASEAN merupakan organisasi yang paling berpengaruh di wilayah ini sehingga Indonesia harus menjadikan ASEAN prioritas utama dalam melaksanakan kebijakan luar negeri RI. Bagaimana caranya? Yaitu dengan membantu menyelesaikan masalah-masalah di kawasan tersebut seperti Isu Laut China Selatan dan Krisis di Myanmar. Dengan Keketuaan Indonesia sebagai Ketua ASEAN 2023 mendatang, Indonesia harus segera memimpin ASEAN dan tetap berkomitmen untuk menyelesaikan kedua isu tersebut apalagi jika Indonesia bercita-cita menjadikan ASEAN sebagai pusat pertumbuhan dunia. Pertumbuhan (growth) tidak dapat dicapai jika rakyat tidak merasa aman maka dari itu keamanan (security) merupakan prioritas utama yang pertama kali harus dicapai. Keamanan juga merupakan kunci dari stabilitas regional dan menjadi syarat demokrasi bisa berlangsung tanpa hambatan. Jika keamanan regional dan stabilitas di kawasan Asia Tenggara dapat dicapai, maka kesejahteraan bersama baru dapat diraih.","PeriodicalId":477140,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Alternatif - Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135655167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementasi Kebijakan Angela Merkel Terhadap Gelombang Pengungsi Timur Tengah","authors":"None Steffy","doi":"10.31479/jualter.v14i1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31479/jualter.v14i1.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the implementation of Angela Markel's policy towards the Middle East refugee wave through the CEAS policy and the Open Door Policy that was implemented, in response to the refugee crisis in Europe in 2015. This is a problem because of the many different perceptions of refugees coming from the Middle East and because Germany is the leader of the European Union in enforcing its members to implement these policies. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach using secondary data. At the national or domestic level, this policy has drawn many protests and criticisms from the public, opposition parties, and Merkel's own party, interest groups and the European Union regarding this policy. Despite receiving many rejections, Merkel remains adamant and continues to implement the policy in Germany, this is because Merkel has a point of view or perception about refugees who must be assisted in seeking protection and security. This study uses the theory of Angela Merkel's Foreign Policy and the Theory of the Copenhagen School in examining the policies issued by Merkel regarding Middle Eastern refugees.","PeriodicalId":477140,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Alternatif - Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135655168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pengaruh Bank Sampah Terhadap Jumlah Sampah Plastik di Indonesia","authors":"Nina Widyaswasti Aisha","doi":"10.31479/jualter.v14i1.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31479/jualter.v14i1.57","url":null,"abstract":"Isu lingkungan sudah saatnya diberikan perhatian lebih disebabkan kondisi lingkungan mulai memprihatinkan. Saat ini terdapat kondisi yang perlu diperhatikan, yaitu polusi sampah. Sampah plastik merupakan isu lingkungan yang sangat mengkhawatirkan, khususnya di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data Jambeck pada tahun 2015 disebutkan bahwa Indonesia menduduki peringkat kedua negara yang mencemari sampah plastik di perairan laut dunia, dan menurut Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InsWA) menyatakan bahwa jumlah sampah plastik yang ada di Indonesia telah mencapai angka 14% dari keseluruhan produksi sampah di Indonesia pada tahun 2015. Unilever mencetuskan penerapan 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) dengan menggunakan konsep Circular Economy dalam pengelolaan sampah, khususnya sampah plastik dan menerapkannya pada program Bank Sampah yang dikelola oleh masyarakat untuk masyarakat Indonesia. Program Bank Sampah ini sejalan dengan tujuan Pemerintah Indonesia yang ingin mengurangi 70% sampah laut yang tercantum dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 83 Tahun 2018. Peran Bank Sampah selain mengurangi jumlah sampah plastik yang berdasarkan Laporan Keberlanjutan Unilever tahun 2020, telah terkelola sampah 16 ribu ton dan diantaranya 12 juta ton sampah anorganik, juga memaksimalkan nilai dari suatu produk meskipun sudah menjadi sampah, yaitu dengan cara memberikan reward kepada masyarakat yang telah mengumpulkan sampah dan menyetorkan ke Bank Sampah. Sehingga dari pengelolaan Bank Sampah tersebut, adanya pemaksimalan nilai sampah yang kemudian menghasilkan manfaat berupa kenaikan ekonomi masyarakat hingga pemberdayaan manusia sebagai pekerja.","PeriodicalId":477140,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Alternatif - Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional","volume":"64 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135655166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Humanitarian Intervention And Just War Theory: Case of Kosovo","authors":"None Sellita","doi":"10.31479/jualter.v14i1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31479/jualter.v14i1.53","url":null,"abstract":"The Kosovo crisis occurred from February 1998 until 1999 in the former Yugoslavia. This conflict started when ethnic Albanians opposed ethnic Serbians and the Yugoslav government in Kosovo. International reactions to the upsurge of the Kosovo crisis have been prompt because of its urgency. Ethnic cleansing became good considering the international response. The intervention was carried out by NATO in the Kosovo crisis. The intervention by NATO raises speculation about humanitarian intervention during the crisis and whether it is justifiable or vice versa. According to the principle of Just War Theory, human intervention can be justified by logical explanations. NATO interventions in the Kosovo crisis are the appropriate instance to describe these situations by Just War Theory.","PeriodicalId":477140,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Alternatif - Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135655169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hubungan Bilateral Singapura - Timor Leste Pasca Penolakan Keanggotaan Timor Leste di ASEAN","authors":"Fredydara Ajiva Galateya, Satria Rizaldi Alchatib, Christy Damayanti","doi":"10.31479/jualter.v14i1.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31479/jualter.v14i1.56","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze the relationship between Singapore and Timor Leste in the aftermath of Singapore's rejection of Timor Leste in ASEAN membership. This research was conducted using qualitative methods and also using Regionalism Theory and Bilateral Theory. The results of this study indicate that there is a cooperative relationship between Singapore and Timor Leste, although Singapore refuses to accept Timor Leste who wants to join the ASEAN Organization. This of course becomes very difficult for Timor Leste because ASEAN is Timor Leste's hope to be able to develop its country with the help of ASEAN. However, Singapore feels burdened because the requirements to enter ASEAN membership have not been fulfilled by Timor Leste. Moreover, Singapore is the main pillar of the economy in ASEAN","PeriodicalId":477140,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Alternatif - Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135655164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}