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Religiosity and Risk among Politicians 政治家的宗教信仰与风险
IF 0.9 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.1824772
Vineeta Yadav
{"title":"Religiosity and Risk among Politicians","authors":"Vineeta Yadav","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.1824772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.1824772","url":null,"abstract":"Given their citizens’ religiosity, the presence of religious parties, and the salience of religion in the politics of India and Pakistan, it is likely that politicians in both of these countries vary considerably in how religious they are. How do these differences influence their political and policy choices? We know surprisingly little about this question. This paper uses data from survey experiments fielded to politicians in India (in 2019) and Pakistan (in 2018) to examine how religiosity is correlated with politicians’ risk-taking behaviors. Given that research finds they are correlated in citizens and the ubiquity of both risk and religion in politics, understanding this relationship is important. The experimental data reveal that in both countries highly religious and less religious politicians make very different choices on a risky policy decision. Highly religious politicians are risk-seeking in India but risk-averse in Pakistan. While the less religious politicians approximate rational actors, the highly religious politicians violate both rational actor and prospect theory decision-making models.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67100292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Preference for Strongman Rule in China 中国民众对强人统治的偏好
IF 0.9 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.1833930
Yue Guan
{"title":"Public Preference for Strongman Rule in China","authors":"Yue Guan","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.1833930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.1833930","url":null,"abstract":"After three decades of collective leadership, strongman rule has returned to China. But do the Chinese people prefer this political system, characterized by a leader with unchecked power? Using four waves of data from the World Values Survey, this study finds, first, that from 2001 to 2018, public preference for strongman rule in China was moderate compared to other countries. Second, the Chinese people expressed a growing desire for a strongman from 2001 to 2007 and again in 2012, but this desire did not increase further between 2012 and 2018. Third, in the 2000s, trust in the central government was negatively associated with strongman preference, while in the 2010s, perceptions of national crisis and political socialization became increasingly relevant. This study evaluates the degree, dynamics, and possible drivers of public preference for strongman rule in China and contributes to the understanding of political strongmen and their popular bases worldwide.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67100363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Party-Building through Ideological Campaigns under Xi Jinping
IF 0.9 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.1983457
J. Mittelstaedt
{"title":"Party-Building through Ideological Campaigns under Xi Jinping","authors":"J. Mittelstaedt","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.1983457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.1983457","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the increasing reliance on ideological campaigns by the Chinese Communist Party under Xi Jinping as part of an unfolding party-building project. Analyzing five campaigns conducted from 2013 to 2021, the study shows that they aimed to re-establish the linkage between the party center and party members, reinforce society’s connection to the party center, and crowd out competing narratives both inside the party and outside it. The article highlights the evolution of ideological campaigns in three phases, emphasizing how they developed from focusing on party members’ social environment toward positioning the party center and Xi Jinping at its core as the source of values and norms for party members and societal actors. The development of the party’s ideological campaigns under Xi Jinping thus has significant implications for the party’s model of governance, both internally and externally.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67100417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding the Revival of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan since FATA’s Merger 理解自联邦直辖部落合并以来巴基斯坦塔利班运动的复兴
IF 0.9 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.1997845
Aisha Younus, Tasawar Hussain, Shehryar Khan
{"title":"Understanding the Revival of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan since FATA’s Merger","authors":"Aisha Younus, Tasawar Hussain, Shehryar Khan","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.1997845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.1997845","url":null,"abstract":"How can we understand the resurgence of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)? Framing FATA as a Zomian space, we argue that its “friction of terrain” provided nonstate spaces for the emergence as well as the resurgence of TTP. The literature describes TTP as an outcome of global political and security compulsions, Islamabad’s regional policies, and ideological associations with the Afghan Taliban. The present study adds terrain to the discussion. Islamabad, after militarily destroying TTP, announced the FATA merger in 2018. However, TTP’s revival not only problematizes the state’s role but also affirms the continuation of Zomian character: the nonstate spaces that facilitated TTP’s ability to regroup and thrive again. James C. Scott’s Zomia framework is tested here against empirical realities with the help of both primary and secondary data sources.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67100508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Female Assembly Members and the Adoption of Women-Friendly Policies in Japanese Local Municipalities 日本地方市政当局的女性议员和妇女友好政策的采纳
IF 0.9 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.1820098
Hidehiro Yamamoto, Sae Okura
{"title":"Female Assembly Members and the Adoption of Women-Friendly Policies in Japanese Local Municipalities","authors":"Hidehiro Yamamoto, Sae Okura","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.1820098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.1820098","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, lags behind both developed and developing countries in women’s political participation, the number of female assembly members is rising. However, it is unclear whether this increase has led to the adoption of more women-friendly policies. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the association between the two, focusing on local municipalities. We conducted a questionnaire survey of municipalities nationwide and found that more policies related to work–life balance were adopted when there were female assembly members than when there were not. And where more than 25% of the assembly members were women, policies on social and political participation and support for the socially vulnerable were stronger. Thus we find that in Japan’s municipal assemblies a higher proportion of female members makes the introduction of women-friendly policies more likely.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67100272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Conditional Effects of Natural Disasters on Public Approval of the President 自然灾害对总统支持率的条件效应
IF 0.9 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.1826260
Jaeyoung Hur, H. Choi
{"title":"The Conditional Effects of Natural Disasters on Public Approval of the President","authors":"Jaeyoung Hur, H. Choi","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.1826260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.1826260","url":null,"abstract":"Do natural disasters affect presidential approval ratings? In this study, we argue that in South Korea this relationship is conditional on regional partisan cleavages. Since partisanship induces perceptual biases among distinct social groups, we expect that (1) the president’s co-partisans will not blame their president even if the government fails to prevent or mitigate damage from natural disasters, and (2) human and economic losses from disasters, or delivery of disaster relief aid, may boost approval ratings in partisan strongholds. We test these hypotheses using South Korea’s Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-in administrations. The results of vector auto-regressions show that regional partisanship toward the incumbent significantly influences job approval ratings in the wake of natural disasters. While public opinion in metropolitan areas was not affected by disaster losses, both presidents’ approval rose after disasters—typhoons and windstorms, in particular—struck their strongholds in the southeastern part of the country.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67100337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Techno-Docility Approach to the Repression and Surveillance of Uyghurs 对维吾尔人的镇压和监视的技术顺从方法
4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1525/as.2023.2079647
Reyhan Topal
{"title":"A Techno-Docility Approach to the Repression and Surveillance of Uyghurs","authors":"Reyhan Topal","doi":"10.1525/as.2023.2079647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2023.2079647","url":null,"abstract":"A significant body of research examines the Chinese government’s mass atrocities against Uyghurs and various forms of state repression in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. However, scholars do not clearly address the interplay of traditional and technological repertoires of repression in the region. This article presents a focused, well-documented treatment of how traditional and technological repression interact in the Chinese government’s policies toward Uyghurs. Using a novel techno-docility approach, it shows that the government adopts a complex, pervasive, and all-encompassing form of repression to create obedient citizens and a unitary society. The article also highlights the increasingly dangerous and intricate nature of repression, which crosscuts multiple disciplines and hence is best addressed through interdisciplinary efforts.","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135709411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Contribution of Genetic and Environmental Effects to Bergmann's Rule and Allen's Rule in House Mice. 遗传和环境对家鼠伯格曼法则和艾伦法则的影响
4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.1086/719028
Mallory A Ballinger, Michael W Nachman
{"title":"The Contribution of Genetic and Environmental Effects to Bergmann's Rule and Allen's Rule in House Mice.","authors":"Mallory A Ballinger, Michael W Nachman","doi":"10.1086/719028","DOIUrl":"10.1086/719028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AbstractDistinguishing between genetic, environmental, and genotype × environment effects is central to understanding geographic variation in phenotypic clines. Two of the best-documented phenotypic clines are Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule, which describe larger body sizes and shortened extremities in colder climates, respectively. Although numerous studies have found inter- and intraspecific evidence for both ecogeographic patterns, we still have a poor understanding of the extent to which these patterns are driven by genetics, environment, or both. Here, we measured the genetic and environmental contributions to Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule across introduced populations of house mice (<i>Mus musculus domesticus</i>) in the Americas. First, we documented clines for body mass, tail length, and ear length in natural populations and found that these conform to both Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule. We then raised descendants of wild-caught mice in the lab and showed that these differences persisted in a common environment and are heritable, indicating that they have a genetic basis. Finally, using a full-sib design, we reared mice under warm and cold conditions. We found very little plasticity associated with body size, suggesting that Bergmann's rule has been shaped by strong directional selection in house mice. However, extremities showed considerable plasticity, as both tails and ears grew shorter in cold environments. These results indicate that adaptive phenotypic plasticity as well as genetic changes underlie major patterns of clinal variation in house mice and likely facilitated their rapid expansion into new environments across the Americas.</p>","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"17 1","pages":"691-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90489743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adrenergic receptors control frequency-dependent switching of the exocytosis mode between "full-collapse" and "kiss-and-run" in murine motor nerve terminal. 肾上腺素能受体控制小鼠运动神经末梢在 "完全崩溃 "和 "亲吻-奔跑 "之间的频率依赖性外渗模式切换
4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433
Alexey M Petrov, Guzalia F Zakirjanova, Irina V Kovyazina, Andrei N Tsentsevitsky, Ellya A Bukharaeva
{"title":"Adrenergic receptors control frequency-dependent switching of the exocytosis mode between \"full-collapse\" and \"kiss-and-run\" in murine motor nerve terminal.","authors":"Alexey M Petrov, Guzalia F Zakirjanova, Irina V Kovyazina, Andrei N Tsentsevitsky, Ellya A Bukharaeva","doi":"10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Neurotransmitter release from the synaptic vesicles can occur through two modes of exocytosis: \"full-collapse\" or \"kiss-and-run\". Here we investigated how increasing the nerve activity and pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors can influence the mode of exocytosis in the motor nerve terminal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recording of endplate potentials with intracellular microelectrodes was used to estimate acetylcholine release. A fluorescent dye FM1-43 and its quenching with sulforhodamine 101 were utilized to visualize synaptic vesicle recycling.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>An increase in the frequency of stimulation led to a decrease in the rate of FM1-43 unloading despite the higher number of quanta released. High frequency activity promoted neurotransmitter release via the kiss-and-run mechanism. This was confirmed by experiments utilizing (I) FM1-43 dye quencher, that is able to pass into the synaptic vesicle via fusion pore, and (II) loading of FM1-43 by compensatory endocytosis. Noradrenaline and specific α2-adrenoreceptors agonist, dexmedetomidine, controlled the mode of synaptic vesicle recycling at high frequency activity. Their applications favored neurotransmitter release via full-collapse exocytosis rather than the kiss-and-run pathway.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>At the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions, neuronal commands are translated into contractions necessary for respiration. During stress, an increase in discharge rate of the phrenic nerve shifts the exocytosis from the full-collapse to the kiss-and-run mode. The stress-related molecule, noradrenaline, restricts neurotransmitter release in response to a high frequency activity, and prevents the shift in the mode of exocytosis through α2-adrenoceptor activation. This may be a component of the mechanism that limits overstimulation of the respiratory system during stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"4 1","pages":"120433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90519497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Results and student perspectives on a web-scraping assignment from Utah State University's data technologies course to evaluate the African activity in the statistical computing community. 犹他州立大学数据技术课程网络抓取作业的结果和学生观点，以评估统计计算界的非洲活动。
IF 1.3 4区 社会学
Asian Survey Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00180-022-01222-7
Adelyn Fleming, Joanna D Coltrin, Jhonatan Medri, Cody Hilyard, Rigoberto Tellez, Jürgen Symanzik
{"title":"Results and student perspectives on a web-scraping assignment from Utah State University's data technologies course to evaluate the African activity in the statistical computing community.","authors":"Adelyn Fleming, Joanna D Coltrin, Jhonatan Medri, Cody Hilyard, Rigoberto Tellez, Jürgen Symanzik","doi":"10.1007/s00180-022-01222-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00180-022-01222-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019, members of the Executive Committee of the International Association for Statistical Computing (IASC) were contacted by members of the IASC from Africa asking whether it would be feasible to establish a new regional IASC section in Africa. The establishment of a new regional section requires several steps that are outlined in the IASC Statutes at https://iasc-isi.org/statutes/. The approval likely depends on whether the proposed new regional section has the potential to conduct typical section activities, such as organizing regional conferences, workshops, and short courses. To establish whether it is feasible to add a regional section in Africa, the IASC must know whether there is currently enough high-level activity within African countries with respect to computational statistics. To answer this question, we looked at author affiliations of articles published in the <i>Springer</i> journal <i>Computational Statistics</i> (COST) and the <i>Elsevier</i> journal <i>Computational Statistics & Data Analysis</i> (CSDA) from 2015 to 2020 and used these data as a proxy to compare author productivity for authors with an affiliation in Africa in 2019 and 2020, compared to authors with an affiliation in Latin America in 2015 and 2016. This article looks at quantitative results to the questions above, provides insight on how students from Utah State University's STAT 5080/6080 \"Data Technologies\" course from the Fall 2019 semester used web scraping techniques in a homework assignment to gather author affiliations from COST and CSDA to answer these questions, and includes the evaluation of student feedback obtained after the end of the course.</p>","PeriodicalId":47691,"journal":{"name":"Asian Survey","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9012946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90473796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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