Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology最新文献

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Molecular Profile, Fuel Properties, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Gasoline-Like Fuel Produced Via Cracking of Used Engine Oil Using Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 Catalyst 使用 Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 催化剂裂解废机油生产的类汽油燃料的分子谱、燃料性质、发动机性能和排放特性
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.12
Y. M. Sahabi, A. M. Sokoto, Misbahu L. Mohammed, Abdul Rahman Mohamed
{"title":"Molecular Profile, Fuel Properties, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Gasoline-Like Fuel Produced Via Cracking of Used Engine Oil Using Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 Catalyst","authors":"Y. M. Sahabi, A. M. Sokoto, Misbahu L. Mohammed, Abdul Rahman Mohamed","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"A vast quantity of used engine oil (UEO) is generated every day and poses a major disposal issue in modern society due to the heavy  metals and other hazardous contaminants present in it. Due to its high carbon content, UEO has great potential to be utilized as a  feedstock for fuel production. The studies on the molecular profile, fuel properties, engine characteristics of gasoline-like fuel produced  via cracking of UEO were conducted. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized via the one-spot method using iron (III) chloride  hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) and iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) as precursors, while the HZSM-5 was synthesized using Al2(SO4)3.18H2O and Na2SiO3 as sources of alumina and silica, respectively. The UEO was cracked in a fixed stainless-steel batch reactor  for 1h at varying temperature (350 – 450 ⁰C). The liquid fuel product obtained was analysed for its molecular composition using GC-MS  and FTIR, while ASTM standard procedure was used to determine the fuel properties. The results showed that the catalyst is 97.60%  selective for gasoline range hydrocarbons, which could be attributed to the high surface area of HZSM-5, which offers more active sites  for catalytic cracking. The fuel properties of the produced liquid fuel determined include specific gravity (0.76), kinematic viscosity (1.69  mm2 /Sec), flash point (-42°C), auto ignition temperature (225°C), carbon residue (0.12%), lower heating value (40,443 KJ/kg), and octane number (94). The engine characteristics results of the liquid fuel were comparable to those of commercially available gasoline. Based on  the results obtained, it was concluded that the fuel obtained could be used directly in spark-ignition engines without any negative impact  on engine performance.","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Examining the Mechanical Characteristics of Sammaz-14 variety Maize Cob Nanofiber Reinforced in LDPE/LD-g-MAH/Org-MMT Nanocomposites 考察 Sammaz-14 品种玉米芯纳米纤维增强低密度聚乙烯/LD-g-MAH/Org-MMT 纳米复合材料的力学特性
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.8
J. B. Ali, A. Musa, A. Danladi, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Jamilu Usman, Paul A.P. Mamza, Zurina binti Mohamad, Ibrahim Shuaibu
{"title":"Examining the Mechanical Characteristics of Sammaz-14 variety Maize Cob Nanofiber Reinforced in LDPE/LD-g-MAH/Org-MMT Nanocomposites","authors":"J. B. Ali, A. Musa, A. Danladi, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Jamilu Usman, Paul A.P. Mamza, Zurina binti Mohamad, Ibrahim Shuaibu","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, maize cob nanofiber of sammaz-14 variety which were extracted via the chemo-mechanical method (alkaline treatment  and ball milling) are confirmed to be in nanoscale within the range of 1-100 nm by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Field Emission  Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). They were used as reinforcing/functional filler with 2% organically modified montmorillonite  (Org-MMT) as an additive and 3 % (low-density polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride) LD-g-MAH as compatibilizer in low density  polyethylene (LDPE) to fabricate nanocomposites using injection moulding technique. Mechanical properties such as (Tensile strength,  modulus, specific strength, Flexural strength, hardness, elongation and impact strength). Tensile strength increased up to 1.3 % at 2 %  and modulus/ stiffness increased up to 200 % and 218 % at 5 % filler loading for maize cob nanofibre (MC-NF) and Nanoclay (Org-MMT) respectively. Strength-to-weight- ratio increase with increases in MC-NF and decreases with increase in nanoclay. Flexural strength and  hardness also increase with increase in filler loading. However, steady decrease was observed for elongation at break and impact  strength with an increase in filler loading. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Ficus trigonata Leaves on Lipid Profile and Liver Function Indices in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice 三叶榕叶甲醇提取物对疟原虫感染小鼠血脂谱和肝功能指标的影响
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.6
M. S. Jada, Hyelda Stephen, Hauwa A. Zailani, A. Wurochekke
{"title":"Effect of Methanolic Extract of Ficus trigonata Leaves on Lipid Profile and Liver Function Indices in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice","authors":"M. S. Jada, Hyelda Stephen, Hauwa A. Zailani, A. Wurochekke","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The research was designed to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Ficus trigonata leaves on lipid profile and liver function indices  in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The extract was prepared by maceration and tested for antioxidant activity using Diphenyl-picryl  hydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Thirty-six (36) mice were used for the study. The extract was  administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg to infected mice for four days and compared to standard drug chloroquine and  normal saline controls. Lipid profile and liver function indices were determined using standard methods. The results showed that the  extract exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in both DPPH and FRAP assays, with an IC50 values of 0.49 and 0.37 mg/ mL, respectively. The elevated levels of Triglycerides and Total cholesterol were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract compared to  negative control. The extract significantly (P<0.05) reduced Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels from 93.00 ±2.00 mg/dL in negative  controls to 81.33 ± 4.67 mg/dL, 90.33 ± 2.91 mg/dL, and 89.00 ± 3.06 mg/dL in the 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg extract treatment groups  respectively. The elevated level of High Density Lipoprotein from 60.33 ± 2.96 mg/dL in naïve mice was also significantly (P<0.05) reduced  in the treatment groups. The increased levels of Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase, and Alkaline Phosphatase observed in  negative control were also significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract. The research clearly established the potential of methanolic  extract of Ficus trigonata leaves to ameliorate malaria-induced dyslipidaemia and hepatotoxicity. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adsorption efficiency of chitosan obtained from Schistocerca gregaria for Fe2+ and Zn2+ metals 壳聚糖对 Fe2+ 和 Zn2+ 金属的吸附效率
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.11
Mubarak Abubakar, Lawal G. Hassan, N. A. Sani, Nafiu Aminu, Shamsuddeen Yahaya
{"title":"Adsorption efficiency of chitosan obtained from Schistocerca gregaria for Fe2+ and Zn2+ metals","authors":"Mubarak Abubakar, Lawal G. Hassan, N. A. Sani, Nafiu Aminu, Shamsuddeen Yahaya","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"A number of technologies for wastewater treatment have been developed  and used over the years, but adsorption comes into  prominence and gained  wide recognition due to its simple handling, flexibility in design, high  efficiency, reversible nature for multiple  uses, high-quality treatment, and  adsorbent availability. Chitosan obtained from desert locust (S. gregaria)  exoskeleton emerged as best  candidate as a sorbent for heavy metals  removal via adsorption process in aqueous solution. Isolation of chitosan  involved three  main stages, includes demineralization, deprotenization and  deacetylation. Chitosan was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared  Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The affinity of chitosan for  Fe (II) and Zn (II) ions solutions adsorbed under different  conditions was  evaluated using atomic adsorption spectroscopy. And the result showed that  the equilibrium percentage adsorption of  Fe2+ was 95 %, 95 %, 96 %, 96.2  %, and 95.8 % and the quantity of Fe2+ adsorbed was 5.98, 5.96, 6, 6.1 and  5.98 (mg/g) while the  equilibrium percentage adsorption of Zn2+ was 78 %,  83 %, 86 %, 87 %, and 89 % and the quantity of Zn2+ adsorbed was 5, 5.2,  5.3, 5.4  and 5.6 (mg/g) at contact time 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mins. The effect of adsorbent dose and contact time were studied, as the result  revealed that increment of adsorbent dosage which provides more binding  sites used for metal adsorption, leads to the increase in  quantity of Fe2+ and  Zn2+ adsorbed and their percentage removal.  ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"11 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of Pyrolyzed Oil from Disposable Low-Density Polyethylene Sachet Water Nylon Waste Utilizing Calcium Hydroxide Waste [Ca(OH)2] Catalyst 利用氢氧化钙废料[Ca(OH)2]催化剂从一次性低密度聚乙烯小袋水尼龙废料中提取热解油的特性分析
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.15
Abdullahi Isah, Umar F. Zaki, Abdulrahman Umar, Aliyu H. Isah, Abubakar Ahmad
{"title":"Characterization of Pyrolyzed Oil from Disposable Low-Density Polyethylene Sachet Water Nylon Waste Utilizing Calcium Hydroxide Waste [Ca(OH)2] Catalyst","authors":"Abdullahi Isah, Umar F. Zaki, Abdulrahman Umar, Aliyu H. Isah, Abubakar Ahmad","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The sachet water nylon (popularly known as pure water nylon) waste was pyrolyzed using batch reactor at a temperature of 500°C and  atmospheric pressure. The sachet water nylon waste pyrolized oil percentage yield obtained was 63% without application of the catalyst  while the pyrolyzed oil obtained utilizing Ca(OH)2 catalyst was found to be 80% and the pyrolyzed carbon black (PCB) was found to be 0%  while the remaining % was mainly pyrolyzed gas. The calorific value of waste nylon pyrolyzed oils was found to be 41.7-42.1MJ/Kg while  the density and viscosity were 0.79-0.82 gcm3 and 2.9-3.2Cst respectively. The results obtained from the Gas Chromatography Mass  Spectrometer (GC-MS) revealed total of 100 compounds pyrolyzed oils from both catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolysis process. More so,  many compounds found to be common in both catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolyzed oils. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Encryption Algorithms Using Simulation Technique 利用仿真技术对加密算法进行比较分析
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.14
Aminu S. Yabo, Mansur Aliyu, S.G Auyo, Amiru Ali, Abdullahi M. Haruna, B.F Rugga
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Encryption Algorithms Using Simulation Technique","authors":"Aminu S. Yabo, Mansur Aliyu, S.G Auyo, Amiru Ali, Abdullahi M. Haruna, B.F Rugga","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The unprotected electronic document may be subjected to a data breach in which private or sensitive information is stolen, taken,  altered, copied, communicated, viewed, or used without authorization. This study evaluates the four most common encryption  algorithms like Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithms, Rivest Cipher2 Algorithm (RC2), Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES), and  Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). This aims to compare four (4) encryption algorithms using simulation in VB.NET programming  approach that uses time and data size parameters to encrypt and decrypt data with greater efficiency. The simulation comparison  technique using the VB.Net programming was adopted as the method for the study. A graphical user interface (GUI) was developed, and  four algorithms were programmed to evaluate their performance based time and data size. As a result, the four Encryption Algorithms  were evaluated and found that the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm (AES) performs much faster in VB.Net. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functionalised Seed Pods for the Sorption of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies 从水溶液中吸附结晶紫的功能化种子荚果:动力学与平衡研究
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.3
E. Jasper, J. Onwuka, Ishaq Bilyamin, V. Ajibola
{"title":"Functionalised Seed Pods for the Sorption of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies","authors":"E. Jasper, J. Onwuka, Ishaq Bilyamin, V. Ajibola","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The release of dye-containing effluents from several industries into natural water bodies continues to pose a serious threat to the  ecosystem. Even though several conventional wastewater treatment technologies abound, their usage in developing nations has been  limited due to their high cost. This has prompted research into the use of low-cost materials, such as agricultural waste biomass for  sequestering such dyes from wastewater. The ability of CH3COOH-functionalised Millettia thonningii seed pods (FMTP), an agricultural  waste, as an adsorbent for the sequestration of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solutions is investigated in this study. Fourier  Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functionalized adsorbent and its precursor. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich's kinetic models were used to analyze the kinetic data, while Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm  models were used to analyze the equilibrium data using the non-linear regression method. To evaluate the adsorption data and identify  the best-fitting kinetic and isotherm models, four error functions were used: Coefficient of Determination (R2 ), Chi-Square (χ2 ), Sum of  Error Squares (SSE), and Percent Deviation (% D). The adsorption kinetics was best described by Elovich's kinetic model, while the  adsorption equilibrium was better described by the Freundlich model, indicating that the mechanism of adsorption is predominantly  chemisorption onto a heterogeneous adsorbent surface. The maximum adsorption capacity of the functionalized adsorbent was 34.8270  mg/g as given by the Langmuir Qmax. Experimental results revealed that acetic acid functionalized biomass is a suitable adsorbent for  removing CV from aqueous solutions. Its application in the treatment of industrial wastewater should be investigated further. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for the Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater 开发用于去除制药废水中某些有毒金属的 Fe3O4 纳米粒子
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.4
J. T. Mathew, Monday Musah, Yakubu Azeh, Musa Mohammed
{"title":"Development of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for the Removal of Some Toxic Metals from Pharmaceutical Wastewater","authors":"J. T. Mathew, Monday Musah, Yakubu Azeh, Musa Mohammed","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Among the most significant sources of environmental contamination are pharmaceutical wastewaters, which are often contaminated  with heavy metals that pose significant threats to ecosystems as well as public health. The nanoparticles was characterized using XRD,  HRSEM/EDX and FTIR. The XRD analysis of the nanoparticles identified 2θ (theta), of 30.2º, 36.3º, 44.2º, 54.3º, 58.2º, 63.5º, and 74.6º which  correspond to the crystal lattice planes of (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), (440), and (533), respectively. The diffraction peaks associated  with Fe3O4 at 2θ of 18.02º, 29.4º, and 43.3º, related to the crystal planes of (111), (220), and (400), respectively of the Fe3O4 phase. The  HRSEM image of the nanoparticles exhibited spherical-shaped structures of Fe3O4, and some irregular shapes. The effects of the dosage;  consequently, the impact of the quantity of adsorbent used, ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 g, has been investigated. The results  indicate that as the amount of adsorbent is increased from 0.1 to 0.3 g, the effectiveness of adsorption improves, while temperature, the  efficiency improved from 50.03% to 78.01% for Pb ions, from 52.15% to 82.43% for Cd ions, and from 56.41% to 88.71% for Cu ions and  contact time; the removal efficiency for Pb ions rises from 25.49% to 68.43%, for Cd ions from 29.30% to 75.71%, and for Cu ions from  31.08% to 78.31%, respectively, on the removal percentage of toxic metal ions were studied.. This research offers a sustainable and eco- friendly solution to mitigate toxic metal contamination in pharmaceutical effluents, protecting the environment and human well-being  while advancing the field of wastewater treatment. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theoretical Utility of Data Value Metric and Genetic Algorithms for Variable Clustering in an Unsupervised Learning Environment 数据值度量和遗传算法在无监督学习环境下进行变量聚类的理论实用性
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.13
O. A. Ejaita, O. D. Voke
{"title":"Theoretical Utility of Data Value Metric and Genetic Algorithms for Variable Clustering in an Unsupervised Learning Environment","authors":"O. A. Ejaita, O. D. Voke","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Cluster analysis is regarded as one of the most important unsupervised learning tasks, with its natural application in dividing data into  meaningful groups, also known as clusters, based on the information in the data by describing the objects in terms of their relationships  and capturing the data's natural structure. Many traditional performance evaluation metrics for clustering algorithms abound in the  literature, treating various attributes or variables equally when measuring similarity; however, different attributes or variables may  contribute differently due to the amount of information they contain, which can vary greatly. Data Value Metric (DVM) is an information theoretic measure based on the concept of mutual information that has been shown to be a good metric for validating data quality and  utility in a big data ecosystem and in traditional data. Because it uses a forward selection search strategy, Data Value Metric (DVM) suffers  from local minima and loss of diversity in the population; however, hybridizing it with Genetic Algorithm will overcome the  problem of local minima because there will be a blend of evolutionary search to ensure a balance between exploration and exploitation  of the search space. This paper proposed a hybrid model of the Genetic Algorithm and the Data Value Metric (DVM) as an  information theoretic metric for quantifying the quality and utility of variable clustering selection that can be applied to traditional data. ","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"35 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Methods for Unconstrained Test Functions through an Approximate Wolfe Line Search 通过近似沃尔夫线搜索实现无约束测试函数的非线性共轭梯度法
Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4314/cajost.v6i1.1
Ishaq A. Adam, Ayinde M. Abdullahi, Oyedepo Taiye, Ibrahim Salihu
{"title":"Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Methods for Unconstrained Test Functions through an Approximate Wolfe Line Search","authors":"Ishaq A. Adam, Ayinde M. Abdullahi, Oyedepo Taiye, Ibrahim Salihu","doi":"10.4314/cajost.v6i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v6i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear conjugate gradient method stands out as a potent iterative approach for tackling unconstrained large-scale optimization  problems. A crucial aspect of any conjugate gradient algorithm lies in determining an optimal step length, a task for which various  strategies have been put forth. To assess and contrast the performance of the approximate Wolfe line search technique, we conducted a  numerical test across nine variants of nonlinear conjugate gradient methods. Through our experiments, a notable finding emerged: the  Dai-Yuan nonlinear conjugate gradient method demonstrated a swifter convergence compared to its counterparts. The utilization of the  approximate Wolfe line search technique, coupled with the distinctive features of the Dai-Yuan variant, contributed to its enhanced efficiency in navigating the optimization landscape. This empirical exploration sheds light on the nuanced dynamics within nonlinear  conjugate gradient methods and underscores the significance of the selected strategy for approximating the Wolfe line search. The  observed faster convergence of the Dai-Yuan method not only validates its efficacy but also suggests its potential applicability in  scenarios where rapid and effective optimization is paramount.","PeriodicalId":476124,"journal":{"name":"Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"44 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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