{"title":"An open-source reproducible chess robot for human-robot interaction research.","authors":"Renchi Zhang, Joost de Winter, Dimitra Dodou, Harleigh Seyffert, Yke Bauke Eisma","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1436674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1436674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in AI have accelerated the evolution of versatile robot designs. Chess provides a standardized environment for evaluating the impact of robot behavior on human behavior. This article presents an open-source chess robot for human-robot interaction research, specifically focusing on verbal and non-verbal interactions. The OpenChessRobot recognizes chess pieces using computer vision, executes moves, and interacts with the human player through voice and robotic gestures. We detail the software design, provide quantitative evaluations of the efficacy of the robot, and offer a guide for its reproducibility. An online survey examining people's views of the robot in three possible scenarios was conducted with 597 participants. The robot received the highest ratings in the robotics education and the chess coach scenarios, while the home entertainment scenario received the lowest scores. The code is accessible on GitHub: https://github.com/renchizhhhh/OpenChessRobot.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1436674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How the presence of others shapes the user experience of service robots.","authors":"Stefan Tretter, Pia von Terzi, Sarah Diefenbach","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1538711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1538711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the age of mobile and self-service technologies, human-computer interaction (HCI) often takes place in public settings. Such interactions can be considered a performance in front of others, when the relationship with potential observers may affect user preferences for different interaction styles. From a psychological perspective, public interactions may feel embarrassing or disturbing, but they also provide the opportunity for favorable self-presentation or connection with others. The present study investigated how the presence of different observers (i.e., acquaintance, stranger) emphasizes different psychological needs and, in turn, affects preferences for more or less expressive interactions with a service robot. Results show that users' need for relatedness was higher when imagining a robot interaction with close observers, while popularity was more important with unknown observers. Relatedness was directly linked to a preference for more expressive interactions, regardless of the expected outcome. In contrast, popularity led to stronger expressivity preferences only when users anticipated a successful interaction for which they could take credit. Our research provides valuable insights into the impact of user-observer-relationship on public HCI, and can inspire designers to take into account how present others and users' expectation of successful outcomes may call for different degrees of expressivity in interaction design.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1538711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bilal Msallem, Lara Veronesi, Florian Samuel Halbeisen, Michel Beyer, Adrian Dragu, Florian Markus Thieringer
{"title":"Evaluation of angulation and distance deviation for robot-guided laser osteotomy - a follow-up study on digital high-tech procedures.","authors":"Bilal Msallem, Lara Veronesi, Florian Samuel Halbeisen, Michel Beyer, Adrian Dragu, Florian Markus Thieringer","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1559483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1559483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Conventional osteotomy tools, including drills and saws, have been associated with several limitations, such as restricted cutting geometry and the risk of heat-induced necrosis, which affects bone healing. Laser-based osteotomy systems have emerged as a promising solution for these constraints. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of robot-guided laser osteotomy compared to conventional cutting-guided osteotomy based on surface scanning.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten 3D printed mandibular models were used to perform segmentectomy. Five models were treated with conventional osteotomies employing a cutting-guided saw technique, while the remaining five were subjected to laser osteotomy. Initially conducted using root mean square (RMS) values, the analysis has been expanded to reevaluate the angulation and distance deviation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Precision analysis of the upper cutting plane revealed a statistically significant difference in distance deviation between the laser osteotomy group (0.48 mm) and the conventional osteotomy group (0.78 mm). In terms of angulation deviation, the laser osteotomy group exhibited, both in the upper and lower cutting planes, statistically significant results (2.19° and 2.86°) compared to the osteotomy group (5.15° and 8.12°).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the observed angulation and distance deviations, it can be concluded that robot-guided laser systems achieve significantly higher accuracy in osteotomies than conventional cutting-guided systems currently available. Consistent with the findings of a prior study, these results confirm that robot-guided laser osteotomy provides substantial advantages, facilitating the seamless integration of precise virtual preoperative planning with exact execution in the human body.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1559483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and preliminary evaluation of a track-based robotic colonoscope with a shape-adaptable tip for propulsion.","authors":"Jiayang Du, Lin Cao, Sanja Dogramadzi","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1580692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1580692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper introduces a shape-adaptable robotic endoscope design, which combines an expansion mechanism and external drive system that provide tip insertion force and adjust the tip shape and size to different colon diameters. Expansion rate of 53% has been achieved in the expandable tip size, which corresponds to changes in the colon diameter. We tested the prototype locomotion in a pipe with different friction surface layers, including artificial bowel tissues, to assess propulsion force and normal force on the colon that can be achieved with the current design. The prototype can generate a propulsion force of 2.83 N, and the maximum linear speed of 29.29 mm/s on the artificial tissue surface. It can produce effective propulsion when it passes through pipes of different diameters. The results demonstrate the prototype's ability for shape adaptation that maintains the required traction force on the bowel wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1580692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Swinton, Jan-Hendrik Ewers, Euan McGookin, David Anderson, Douglas Thomson
{"title":"Autonomous mission planning for planetary surface exploration using a team of micro rovers.","authors":"Sarah Swinton, Jan-Hendrik Ewers, Euan McGookin, David Anderson, Douglas Thomson","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1565173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1565173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the fundamental limiting factors in planetary exploration is the level of autonomy achieved by planetary exploration rovers. This study proposes a novel methodology for the coordination of an autonomous multi-robot team that evaluates efficient exploration routes in Jezero crater, Mars. A map is generated consisting of a 3D terrain model, traversability analysis, and probability distribution map of points of scientific interest. A three-stage mission planner generates an efficient team-wide route, which maximises the accumulated probability of identifying points of interest. A 4D RRT* algorithm is used to determine smooth and flat paths for individual rovers, following the team-wide route planner, and prioritized planning is used to coordinate a safe set of individual paths. The above methodology is shown to coordinate safe and efficient rover paths, which ensure the rovers remain within their nominal pitch and roll limits throughout operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1565173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fuzzy adaptive fault-tolerant control for an unmanned surface vehicle with prescribed tracking performance.","authors":"Yunuo Bao, Ji Gao, Peng Peng","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1576171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1576171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), as a type of marine robotic systems, are widely used in various applications such as maritime surveillance, environmental monitoring, and cargo transportation. This article addresses the trajectory tracking control issue for an USV subject to model uncertainties and actuator faults. A logarithm barrier Lyapunov functions based predefined tracking control scheme is proposed to regulate the position error of the USV into predefined performance region. Then, to ensure the predefined transient and steady state tracking performance of the USV in the presence of actuator faults, we propose an adaptive fuzzy fault-tolerant controller to address the actuator faults. Additionally, to deal with the uncertainties arising from the USV system model, fuzzy logic systems are utilized to estimate the unknown hydrodynamic parameters. Based on the Lyapunov stability criterion, it can be demonstrated that all the closed-loop signals are bounded. Finally, the validity of the developed control scheme is demonstrated from simulation results.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1576171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TED-culture: culturally inclusive co-speech gesture generation for embodied social agents.","authors":"Yixin Shen, Wafa Johal","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1546765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1546765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generating natural and expressive co-speech gestures for conversational virtual agents and social robots is crucial for enhancing their acceptability and usability in real-world contexts. However, this task is complicated by strong cultural and linguistic influences on gesture patterns, exacerbated by the limited availability of cross-cultural co-speech gesture datasets. To address this gap, we introduce the TED-Culture Dataset, a novel dataset derived from TED talks, designed to enable cross-cultural gesture generation based on linguistic cues. We propose a generative model based on the Stable Diffusion architecture, which we evaluate on both the TED-Expressive Dataset and the TED-Culture Dataset. The model is further implemented on the NAO robot to assess real-time performance. Our model surpasses state-of-the-art baselines in gesture naturalness and exhibits rapid convergence across languages, specifically Indonesian, Japanese, and Italian. Objective and subjective evaluations confirm improvements in communicative effectiveness. Notably, results reveal that individuals are more critical of gestures in their native language, expecting higher generative performance in familiar linguistic contexts. By releasing the TED-Culture Dataset, we facilitate future research on multilingual gesture generation for embodied agents. The study underscores the importance of cultural and linguistic adaptation in co-speech gesture synthesis, with implications for human-robot interaction design.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1546765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Intelligent robots for agriculture -- Ag-robot development, navigation, and information perception.","authors":"Sierra N Young","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1597912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1597912","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1597912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Reitelshöfer, Nina Merz, Gabriela Garcia, Yuqiang Wei, Jörg Franke
{"title":"Making social robots adaptable and to some extent educable by a marketplace for the selection and adjustment of different interaction characters living inside a single robot.","authors":"Sebastian Reitelshöfer, Nina Merz, Gabriela Garcia, Yuqiang Wei, Jörg Franke","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1534346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1534346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing integration of autonomous robotic systems across various industries necessitates adaptable social interaction capabilities. This paper presents a novel software architecture for socially adaptable robots, emphasizing simplicity, domain independence, and user influence on robotic behaviour. The architecture leverages a marketplace-based agent selection system to dynamically adapt social interaction patterns to diverse users and scenarios. Implemented using ROS2, the framework comprises four core components: scene analysis, a bidding platform, social agents, and a feedback service. A Validation through simulated experiments shows the architecture's feasibility and adaptability, with respect to varying feedback conditions and learning rates. This work lays the foundation for scalable, adaptable, and user-friendly robotic systems, addressing key challenges in industrial and social robotics. Future improvements include enhanced scene analysis, integration of machine learning techniques, and support for more complex behavioural scripts.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1534346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12012301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel A Olatunji, James S Shim, Adam Syed, Yao-Lin Tsai, April E Pereira, Harshal P Mahajan, Raksha A Mudar, Wendy A Rogers
{"title":"Robotic support for older adults with cognitive and mobility impairments.","authors":"Samuel A Olatunji, James S Shim, Adam Syed, Yao-Lin Tsai, April E Pereira, Harshal P Mahajan, Raksha A Mudar, Wendy A Rogers","doi":"10.3389/frobt.2025.1545733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1545733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Robots have the potential to support older adults with cognitive impairments and mobility impairments in daily tasks that could promote their independence, enhance their abilities, ensure safety, and lower healthcare costs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a participatory design approach, we focused on identifying the functional capabilities of the Stretch robot to support older adults with various cognitive or mobility impairments. Twelve participants (aged 60-97) were recruited to interact with the robot and give feedback regarding support in a home environment. Stretch is a mobile robot manipulator designed to support everyday activities using a lightweight telescoping arm mounted on a mobile base. We conducted a semi-structured interview with participants as they observed and interacted with Stretch, performing tasks such as providing reminders, picking up and delivering items, and facilitating video calls.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The participants were asked to share potential areas of application related to their daily activities to illustrate how Stretch could support them in their homes. Our user-centered design approach provided a unique opportunity to understand the needs of older adults with mobility impairments and cognitive impairments, to identify the type of tasks the robot could support, and to gain insights into potential facilitators and barriers for robot adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":47597,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","volume":"12 ","pages":"1545733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}