Cartography and Geographic Information Science最新文献

{"title":"Virtual reality for geospatial education: immersive technologies enhance sense of embodiment","authors":"Mahda M. Bagher, P. Sajjadi, J. O. Wallgrün, P. LaFemina, A. Klippel","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2122569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2122569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses on the role of embodiment in learning spatial phenomena in virtual reality in the context of geospatial education. We conducted an empirical study on the geovisualization of global earthquake locations in immersive VR and desktop VR. We asked students to visualize cross-sections of the geometry of earthquake locations in subduction zones and answer pre- and post-experience questions. The degree of the sense of embodiment in immersive VR versus desktop VR was researched. We defined the sense of embodiment based on two embodied affordances: (1) embodied relative reference frame and (2) bodily engagement. We found that immersive VR has a significantly higher sense of embodiment than desktop VR. Additionally, students showed a significantly higher level of reflective thinking in immersive VR. In terms of learning performance, students significantly gained knowledge in both conditions when comparing their pre- and post-knowledge. However, we could not find any significant difference between immersive and desktop VR. The lower level of embodiment in desktop VR seemed sufficient to improve students’ grades. These results encourage more research studies on the effect of the sense of embodiment on learning in the geospatial and earth sciences.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"233 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of discrepancies between nautical charts and new survey data using GIS techniques","authors":"Telmo Dias, Cristina Monteiro, A. Moura, João David, P. Cabral, F. Campos","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2130823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2130823","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nautical charts are critical for safe navigation as long as they remain updated and trustworthy for the reality they depict. The increase in marine traffic and the growth of available data require that the process of assessing nautical chart adequacy, which consists of comparing information from a new survey with the one published in the ruling cartography, be both fast and effective. In this sense, this work aims to automate the detection of discrepancies between nautical charts and survey data to minimize human effort. We developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) location model based on specific rules derived from three analysis criteria: depth areas, minimum soundings, and bathymetric models. The model produces six outputs, two for each criterion, to support the ultimate human decision. We have tested the model in several hydrographic surveys, such as open waters and harbor surveys, and successfully validated it by comparing results with other available methods, such as current manual processes and Nautical Chart Adequacy Tools (CA Tools). Potential advantages over other methods are also evaluated and discussed, validating the usefulness of this novel approach for the adequacy and completeness evaluation of nautical charts. Our results deliver important benefits by enhancing the GIS techniques for nautical chart production and maintenance.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"130 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49444552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why we can read maps","authors":"Franz-Benjamin Mocnik","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2127911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2127911","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maps, like other types of extensive data collections, are usually created and maintained by a larger number of individuals. The number of individuals using the map is even larger in most cases. Considering the complex interaction of these people, the question arises as to why maps can be used meaningfully. Ultimately, the represented geographical reality can rarely be perfectly reconstructed from the map, and misunderstandings are inevitable when using the map. This article sets factors into context that facilitate the readability of a map as well as factors that can lead to misunderstandings and non-interpretability. The creation of a map is thereby considered a complex system the stability, coherence, and heterogeneity of which can be explained by its attractors and, in the temporal context, by means of disruptive behavior and autopoiesis. To this end, a coherence theory of map making and reading is proposed. This allows for a broader perspective on the map-making process and a deeper understanding of a map’s affordances. In particular, the considerations made can serve as a starting point to develop better measures of data quality and fitness for purpose. Finally, a more reflective behavior and active influence on the map-making process is made possible.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological relationship model for geographical flows","authors":"Jing Jiang, Xi Wang, Tianyu Liu, Zidong Fang, T. Pei, Ci Song, Peijun Du","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2104377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2104377","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geographical flows depict the movement of geographical objects from origin to destination. They can be applied to represent activities such as commuting, commodity trade, information exchange, and migration. The topological relationship model of geographical flows can provide information on the interactions between objects by describing whether two flows are disjoint or coincide partially or completely. For example, it can be applied to determine whether car trips within a city can be shared, identify takeout orders that can be delivered together, and prevent drone collisions. The ability to describe the topological relationship and relative direction between flows is important for analyzing the interaction between two objects. However, although many topological relationship models exist for lines, they are unable to describe both the topological relationship and the relative direction between lines accurately. To address this issue, this study developed a topological relationship model for geographical flows through the formalism of the 9-intersection model that can describe both the topological relationship and the relative direction between two flows. By removing non-existent relationships based on certain constraints, fifteen topological relationships are obtained and classified into six topological predicates. A method for determining the topological relationships was also developed that compares the section IDs and offsets of flows. The developed topological relationship model for flows was evaluated by examining a carpooling scheme based on taxi origin–destination flow data. The results show that the topological relationship model can describe the interactions among objects and select the flows that have specific interactions with other flows. A topological relationship model is proposed that describes topological relationships between flows more accurately and from more perspectives than extant models. Considering its practicability, it can be applied to alleviate various pressing issues in modern society. The model can be applied to the design of carpooling schemes to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. It can be applied to prevent drone collisions and thereby improve air transportation safety and efficiency. It can be applied to identify abnormal areas in cities to help governments better plan the layout of facilities.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"528 - 544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design Techniques for COVID-19 Story Maps: A Quantitative Content Analysis","authors":"Timothy J. Prestby","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2102077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2102077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42212817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory assessment of the effectiveness of geomasking methods on privacy protection and analytical accuracy for individual-level geospatial data","authors":"Jue Wang, Junghwan Kim, Mei‐Po Kwan","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2056510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2056510","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The widespread use of personal geospatial data raises serious geoprivacy concerns for sharing these data, which may limit the reproducibility of research findings. One widely used method for securely sharing confidential geospatial information is applying geomasking techniques before sharing. Geomasking may reduce the usability of the data. Thus, researchers need to strike a balance between privacy protection and analytical accuracy. Although many geomasking methods have been proposed, there is no systematic evaluation of these methods or guidance on which method to use and how to apply it properly. To address this gap, we evaluate eight geomasking methods with simulated geospatial data with various spatial patterns and investigate their performance on privacy protection and analytical accuracy. We propose not only a set of preliminary guidelines for applying the proper geomasking methods when using different spatial analysis methods but also an evaluation framework for assessing geomasking methods for other spatial analysis methods. The findings will help researchers to properly apply geomasking for sensitive geospatial data and thus promote data sharing and interdisciplinary collaboration while protecting personal geoprivacy.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"385 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42946464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A geographical and content-based approach to prioritize relevant and reliable tweets for emergency management","authors":"A. M. Suarez, K. Clarke","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2081257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2081257","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tweets posted by the general public during disaster events represent timely, up-to-date, and on-site data that may be useful for emergency responders. However, since Twitter data has been deemed to be unverifiable and untrustworthy, it is challenging to identify those reliable and relevant tweets that can inform emergency response operations. Although computational methods exist both to classify overwhelming amounts of tweets and to filter those relevant to emergency response, using contextual geographic information regarding the disaster event to filter tweets has been overlooked. We review the existing research on the quality of data contributed by the general public from a geographical perspective, and then propose an approach to prioritize tweets for emergency response based on their relevance and reliability. The novelty of the approach is twofold: a) the use of both authoritative data such as hazard-related information and on-the-ground reports provided by weather spotters and validated by the National Weather Service; and b) the fact that it leverages tweets content as well as their geographical context and location. Using Hurricane Harvey in 2017 as a case study, results show that by following the proposed approach 79% of tweets sent from post-identified flooded areas were classified as of high or medium relevance and reliability. This suggests that the proposed approach can provide an accurate prioritization of tweets to be used for real time emergency management.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"443 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42652644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-automatic development of thematic tactile maps","authors":"J. Wabiński, G. Touya, A. Mościcka","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2105747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2105747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tactile cartography has always been a niche topic, but even among tactile cartographers, little attention has been paid to thematic tactile maps. Thematic maps are used in education and the lack of such materials makes it difficult to fulfill particular subjects’ curriculums. In this research, we propose a methodology for automatic compilation of legible and cartographically sound educational thematic tactile maps that bases on the concept of anchor layers and uses unequivocal parameters for generalization operators. Using such an approach we were able to automate the most complicated parts of the procedure that deal particularly with the generalization of geospatial data. We verify the proposed methodology by preparing a sample case study 3D printed map that is later evaluated by students with visual impairments. We also evaluate a novel approach of hybrid map production that consists of both graphic and tactile content. Our results suggest that the proposed methodology can be used for fast and repeatable production of fully fledged thematic tactile maps and that it forms a significant step toward completely automatic tactile maps development in the future.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"545 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic vectorization of fluvial corridor features on historical maps to assess riverscape changes","authors":"Samuel Dunesme, H. Piégay, S. Mustière","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2091661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2091661","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The vectorization of historical maps is an important scientific issue for understanding the dynamics of change recorded by territories. Historical maps are potentially an excellent source of data for characterizing river changes at large scales. The use of vectorized data is essential for such characterization, as well as for highlighting changes in the planform alignment of such reaches over time. At a regional network scale of several thousand kilometers of river, such work requires the vectorization of several hundred or even thousands of maps. This work proposes an automated vectorization procedure for the hydrographic network detailed in the cartographic resources of the IGN (the French National Mapping Agency). The ultimate goal is to use these historical maps to track the planform evolution of the elementary landscape units (water, bare banks, and riparian vegetation) that constitute river corridors at the basin network scale. The Historical Maps Vectorization Toolbox was developed to automatically vectorize river corridor objects (sediment banks, water surfaces, and vegetation polygons) with a high level of accuracy. The toolbox works with a 2-step process: first it classifies the colors detected on the map, then it reconstructs the objects of the fluvial corridor. We also demonstrate a practical use of the toolbox through measuring changes in the surface area of river networks of several hundred kilometers.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"512 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do people prefer a landmark route over a shortest route?","authors":"Eva Nuhn, S. Timpf","doi":"10.1080/15230406.2022.2075469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2022.2075469","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Landmarks play an important role in spatial cognition, and therefore should be considered as a part of pedestrian navigation. This research addressed the question of human preference for landmark routes that are generated based on landmarks over shortest-distance optimized routes. We investigated whether there are differences regarding navigation behavior, navigation satisfaction, route memorization, route communication, and route comparison between the shortest and the landmark route. We did not observe any differences for navigation behavior, route memorization, and route communication. We observed that for the landmark route the participants were significantly faster in reversing the route. Generally, we found out that the participants were more satisfied with the shortest route and preferred the shortest route. We found hints that this might result from environmental parameters, which seemed to have an impact on navigation satisfaction. Additionally, the participants perceived the routes to be longer than they really were.","PeriodicalId":47562,"journal":{"name":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"407 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42061718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}