{"title":"Discursive-Material Struggles over Legitimate Heroism","authors":"Nico Carpentier, Ruth-Helene Melioranski, Pille Runnel, Inês Moreira","doi":"10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id123","url":null,"abstract":"Through a combination of historical research and a series of research visits, this visual essay reflects on how Estonian memorials, related to the Second World War; are discursive-material assemblages, that function as floating signifiers. Grounded in a post-structuralist theorization of contingency, overdetermination and discursive struggle – particularly inspired by Laclau and Mouffe’s (1985) work – the notion of floating signifiers captures the significatory diversity of key concepts which have become integrated in different (and competing) discourses. By extending this framework to recent theoretical expansions that aim to validate both the discursive and the material (Carpentier, 2017), also the floating of discursive-material memorial assemblages can be incorporated into this analysis. This article, in particular, focusses on the discursive-material struggles over the articulation of the Estonian Second World War hero in the Estonian memorialscape, at a time when the Estonian government has been removing a considerable number of Soviet memorials from the Estonian public space (and plans to remove more). Beginning with the argument that not every Estonian Second World War memorial has been subjected to this discursive-material struggle, we then analyse the discursive-material struggle over the Soviet hero and the Waffen-SS hero, together with the remarkable absence of memorializations of the independent Estonian (nationalist) hero. In a case study, we zoom in on how a prestigious military decoration, the Cross of Liberty, becomes a significant illustration of the workings of the floating signifier, playing a role in both mainstream and radical-right-wing discourses about the Estonian hero during the Second World War. In our conclusion, we reflect about the absence of closure on what is the past, present and future of Estonia, and the ethical concerns that this absence raises.","PeriodicalId":474436,"journal":{"name":"Membrana","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranaPub Date : 2023-08-20DOI: 10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id128
Ilija Tomanić Trivundža, Igor Vobič
{"title":"Photojournalist as a Newsworker","authors":"Ilija Tomanić Trivundža, Igor Vobič","doi":"10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id128","url":null,"abstract":"Even though news content is the end result of a complex collective production process that involves a number of newsworkers, writing the history of journalism from the perspective of labour remains a rare approach. In this article, we apply the newswork perspective to photojournalism with a two-fold aim. Firstly, we aim to identify crucial themes around which a history of Slovenian photojournalism from a newswork approach could be articulated. And secondly, we aim to demonstrate that adopting the newswork approach from a historical perspective enables us to identifying certain positions within newswork, where contradictions of journalism and transformations of its practices either more visible or have existed long before they “trickled up” to the more visible echelons of newsworkers. We argue that photojournalists are the professional group where the pressures and transformations of journalism are either more pronounced or have appeared earlier. Through the analysis of semi-structured interviews, documents and archive material, we identified three topics that reveal the contradictions of the history of journalism as reflected in the photojournalist qua worker.","PeriodicalId":474436,"journal":{"name":"Membrana","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135937420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranaPub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id122
Linda Maria Thompson
{"title":"Repeat Photography, Rephotography and the Redesign of the Riverscape","authors":"Linda Maria Thompson","doi":"10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id122","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the ways in which the environment is pictured in an industrial archive in Sweden, and how the use of photography is implicated in the industrialization of rivers. The fluid nature of landscapes, the role of landscape and colonialism connected to photography in Sweden is considered through a selection of archival photographs from log driving industry. The article centers around the case example of photographs from the Ljusnan log-driving archive. Rephotographic tendencies surface, and this article argues that repeat photography is used in the documentation of and redesign of the landscape. The terms repeat photography and rephotography are discussed and clarified. This research acknowledges rephotography for industrial purposes in contrast to environmental goals, suggesting that industrial photographic archives can provide a starting point for new narratives of places of environmental change and extractive industry.","PeriodicalId":474436,"journal":{"name":"Membrana","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135970240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranaPub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id132
Felicity T. C. Hamer
{"title":"In Loving Memories","authors":"Felicity T. C. Hamer","doi":"10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id132","url":null,"abstract":"Longing for cross-temporal, sustained connections, some bereaved will form relationships with photographic portraits of loved ones. These cherished photographs capture more than a fleeting moment – they have the ability to speak across time. Indeed, some become so enmeshed in the remembrance activity that their ability to participate is no longer dependent on the viewable object. Misplaced or (consciously/unconsciously) avoided, these mementoes can take on what I name a “hauntographic” presence – echoing the very phantoms they were meant to commemorate. This paper explores various forms of embellished photographic portraits that reintegrate the likeness of absent individuals into a common temporal frame with the bereaved. Introduced and developed within my research, hauntographs are skeuomorphs – retaining the now-superfluous attributes of objects that, for a time, hosted the now-disconnected remembrance activity. This paper follows the imagination’s role in remembrance as it moves through the photographic medium – through rephotography, spirit photographs, digitally manufactured composites, screenshots – towards an appreciation of photographs that need only be invoked.","PeriodicalId":474436,"journal":{"name":"Membrana","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136214830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranaPub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id137
Asko Lehmuskallio, Roland Meyer
{"title":"Recognizing Images, Faces, and the Techniques that Bind them Together","authors":"Asko Lehmuskallio, Roland Meyer","doi":"10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47659/mj-v7n1-2id137","url":null,"abstract":"Asko Lehmuskallio and Roland Meyer discuss the role images and optical media play in facial recognition. What are the similarities and differences between operative images and a more traditional focus on portraits? How does a focus on image practices shift our understanding of visual cultures? What kind of work has evoked recent interest in the study of facial images in German-speaking countries and what implications does this have on our understanding of sociality?","PeriodicalId":474436,"journal":{"name":"Membrana","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136214831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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