JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY最新文献_第2页

Healthier Food Choices: From Consumer Information to Consumer Empowerment in EU Law 更健康的食品选择：从欧盟法律中的消费者信息到消费者赋权

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-024-09563-0

N. Gokani

{"title":"Healthier Food Choices: From Consumer Information to Consumer Empowerment in EU Law","authors":"N. Gokani","doi":"10.1007/s10603-024-09563-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-024-09563-0","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the European Union’s efforts to regulate consumer food information with the aim of improving consumer nutrition as part of its broader consumer protection agenda. With nearly a million deaths attributed to unhealthy diets annually, the EU’s New Consumer Agenda, its Farm to Fork Strategy, and Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan all highlight the objective of empowering consumers to make informed, healthy food choices. This underscores the EU’s longstanding emphasis on regulating information to protect consumers, an approach which is even stronger with nutrition more specifically. This article shows that the EU food information law is based on two beliefs. First, consumers are given food information that is sufficient, accurate, non-misleading, clear and easy to understand and they are, therefore, well-informed. Second, well-informed consumers are empowered. This article argues that both of these beliefs are misguided. The current food information rules do not truly inform consumers well and do not, on their own, empower consumers to make healthy dietary decisions. Consequently, this article expresses scepticism about the ability of the current rules to promote improved nutrition. In light of the critiques of the current rules, this article offers suggestions for an improved food information paradigm. In addition to rules that would more effectively inform consumers, such a paradigm would acknowledge the limitations of information to empower healthier food choices and, therefore, give greater weight to more substantive interventions. This would align food law with broader trends in consumer protection law and thereby genuinely promote healthier nutrition.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing Product Lifetime Extensions by Enhancing Consumers’ Expected Product Lifetime Among Different Durable Products 通过提高消费者对不同耐用产品的预期寿命来比较产品寿命的延长情况

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-024-09562-1

D. Nishijima, M. Oguchi

{"title":"Comparing Product Lifetime Extensions by Enhancing Consumers’ Expected Product Lifetime Among Different Durable Products","authors":"D. Nishijima, M. Oguchi","doi":"10.1007/s10603-024-09562-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-024-09562-1","url":null,"abstract":"Product lifetime extension is a major strategy in a circular economy. Circular economy policies encourage the improvement of product designs for longer use. In addition, such improvements increase the product lifetime expected by the consumers, which is called the expected product lifetime. Since physical restrictions on product lifetime extension will be mitigated along with circular economy policies, the practical potential of product lifetime extension through circular economy policies depends on how much can the increase contribute to the product lifetime extension. However, apart from air conditioners, limited analyses have been conducted on the extended effects of the expected product lifetime. This study estimates the effects of the expected product lifetimes of refrigerators and compares them with those of air conditioners. The results show that although the increased expected product lifetime of refrigerators could extend their actual product lifetime, the degree of extension was smaller than air conditioners. These findings indicate that although product design improvements are moderately effective in extending the product lifetime of refrigerators, other measures/policies are required to obtain a degree of product lifetime extension comparable to air conditioners.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Influencing People’s Willingness to Shift Their Electricity Consumption 影响人们是否愿意改变用电习惯的因素

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-024-09561-2

M. Hardmeier, A. Berthold, M. Siegrist

{"title":"Factors Influencing People’s Willingness to Shift Their Electricity Consumption","authors":"M. Hardmeier, A. Berthold, M. Siegrist","doi":"10.1007/s10603-024-09561-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-024-09561-2","url":null,"abstract":"As the share of renewable energy sources, which are weather dependent and consequently volatile, continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important to explore strategies for organising both electricity production and consumption to ensure system stability. People’s flexibility in their energy consumption is one option to regulate the system. To better understand people’s willingness to align their electricity-consuming activities with a flexible pricing system, an online survey with 962 respondents was conducted. The analysis focused on the factors influencing their willingness to shift electricity-consuming activities away from peak hours, as well as the maximum shift duration of using certain devices. The results indicate that people with more flexible lifestyles and those who perceive shifting activities as taking less effort are more willing to shift their activities and indicate longer shift durations. The data also show that attitudes towards the environment, as well as financial, ecological, and motivational factors, play a role in explaining the variance in the willingness to shift and the shift duration. To conclude, increasing flexibility in everyday life could make a valuable contribution to the optimal use of electricity resources.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140298687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Putting a New ‘Spin’ on Energy Information: Measuring the Impact of Reframing Energy Efficiency Information on Tumble Dryer Choices in a Multi-country Experiment 为能源信息注入新 "活力"：在多国实验中衡量重塑能效信息对滚筒式烘干机选择的影响

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09556-5

{"title":"Putting a New ‘Spin’ on Energy Information: Measuring the Impact of Reframing Energy Efficiency Information on Tumble Dryer Choices in a Multi-country Experiment","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10603-023-09556-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-023-09556-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> It has been shown that consumers often underinvest in energy efficiency despite net benefits over the longer term. One possible explanation is that they do not properly understand energy information when provided in physical units, as in most energy labels. Prior studies have investigated the effect of reframing energy information into monetary units. Outcomes are mixed, and it is unclear whether this is due to the use of different products, methodologies or to studies being conducted in countries with different energy prices and labelling standards. This paper overcomes this ambiguity by testing the effect of providing monetary energy information using the same experiment in a multi-country setting. Results show that the intervention’s effectiveness varies considerably across countries. Moreover, they highlight the presence of within-country heterogeneities based on demographic characteristics, with monetary information being more effective for high-usage households but seemingly crowding out the motivation of those whose purchasing decisions depend on environmental considerations.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuromarketing and Eye-Tracking Technologies Under the European Framework: Towards the GDPR and Beyond 欧洲框架下的神经营销和眼球跟踪技术：迈向 GDPR 及未来

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09559-2

{"title":"Neuromarketing and Eye-Tracking Technologies Under the European Framework: Towards the GDPR and Beyond","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10603-023-09559-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-023-09559-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> The Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons regarding the processing of personal data (GDPR) is one of the key fundamental pieces of European legislation to protect human rights and freedoms. However, the development of AI systems that are capable of collecting and processing large amounts of data and predicting user habits and emotional states has affected traditional legal categories and tested their resilience. This paper assesses the limits of the current formulation of the GDPR which does not take expressly into account the category of inferred data as a special category of data. Furthermore, it questions whether the toolbox put in place by the GDPR is still effective in protecting data subjects from practices such as neuromarketing and eye-tracking systems. It shows that it is certainly the essential starting point, but that, on the other hand, cannot be spared criticism. For this, in the recent years, the European legislator has adopted further legislations including, in particular, the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA). Although representing a step forward in protection against such technologies, they each have critical aspects that need to be considered.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acceptance of Low-Carbon School Meals with and without Information—A Controlled Intervention Study 有信息和无信息情况下学校对低碳膳食的接受程度--对照干预研究

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09557-4

E. André, P. Eustachio Colombo, L. Schäfer Elinder, J. Larsson, M. Hunsberger

{"title":"Acceptance of Low-Carbon School Meals with and without Information—A Controlled Intervention Study","authors":"E. André, P. Eustachio Colombo, L. Schäfer Elinder, J. Larsson, M. Hunsberger","doi":"10.1007/s10603-023-09557-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-023-09557-4","url":null,"abstract":"This controlled intervention study focused on optimizing a school lunch menu to achieve a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The objective was to evaluate the impact of introducing a low-carbon menu on pupils’ acceptance of school meals, as well as to assess whether providing information about the menu change independently influenced pupils’ acceptance. The study was conducted across six compulsory schools in a Swedish municipality, divided into three groups: schools implementing a menu change only (Menu), schools implementing a menu change with clear information provided to pupils (Menu + Info), and control schools serving the standard menu (Control). During a seven-week baseline period, all schools served the standard menu. Subsequently, for seven weeks, Menu and Menu + Info schools transitioned to a low-carbon menu achieved through the utilization of low-carbon recipes—reducing the proportion of food items with significant climate footprints while maintaining the recommended nutritional standards. In Menu + Info schools, pupils were presented with an informative video about the menu change during class. The acceptance of the low-carbon menu was evaluated through daily measurements of food consumption, plate waste, and meal satisfaction surveys. The study’s findings revealed that neither the menu change nor the information significantly affected the pupils’ acceptance of the new menu. These results align with prior studies, reinforcing the viability of employing low-carbon recipes to reduce the climate footprint of school meals. Moreover, this study demonstrates that providing supplemental information for transparency or educational purposes can be implemented without adversely affecting menu acceptance.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139054815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Theory of Exploitation for Consumer Law: Online Choice Architectures, Dark Patterns, and Autonomy Violations 消费者法的剥削理论：在线选择架构、黑暗模式和侵犯自主权行为

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09554-7

M. Brenncke

{"title":"A Theory of Exploitation for Consumer Law: Online Choice Architectures, Dark Patterns, and Autonomy Violations","authors":"M. Brenncke","doi":"10.1007/s10603-023-09554-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-023-09554-7","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial practices that exploit consumer behavioural biases (behavioural exploitation) are an increasingly prevalent issue in online choice architectures. EU policymakers have started to expressly regulate such practices. What remains unclear about this type of regulation is when an online choice architecture exploits biased consumers. What is the legal meaning and significance of exploitation in the digital environment? Even though the concept of exploitation is frequently used in scholarship concerning behavioural exploitation such as “dark patterns”, it is rarely defined. The concept’s normativity is mostly ignored, remains underdeveloped, and lacks solid foundations. This Article aims to close this gap by developing a theory of exploitation for (behavioural) consumer law in the EU that applies to online choice architectures and unfair commercial practices in general. The Article eschews welfare analysis and instead relies on the philosophical discourse on exploitation theory. Even though this discourse is mostly ignored by the literature, the Article submits that this analytical framework fits better with the existing goals and scheme of EU consumer law compared to an approach to legal analysis that is driven by promoting consumer welfare through market efficiency. Ultimately, the Article defends the autonomy theory of exploitation and contends that regulating behavioural exploitation in online choice architectures means regulating for autonomy.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Considerations When Using Nudges to Reduce Meat Consumption: an Analysis Through the FORGOOD Ethics Framework 使用劝导减少肉类消费时的道德考虑：通过 FORGOOD 道德框架进行分析

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09558-3

L. Lades, F. Nova

{"title":"Ethical Considerations When Using Nudges to Reduce Meat Consumption: an Analysis Through the FORGOOD Ethics Framework","authors":"L. Lades, F. Nova","doi":"10.1007/s10603-023-09558-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-023-09558-3","url":null,"abstract":"Nudges are increasingly used to encourage sustainable and often meat-free diets. Interventions to reduce people’s meat consumption are motivated by concerns about health, animal welfare, and the environment. However, dietary choices are of personal and cultural significance, and not everybody wants to be nudged towards a plant-based diet. Nudging has been criticised for being paternalistic, manipulative, and a violation of personal autonomy, amongst other points. It is important to ask whether it is ethical to nudge people towards plant-based diets or whether it is unethical not to do so. Using the FORGOOD ethics framework, this paper organises diverse ethical arguments both in favour and against nudging people towards plant-based diets into seven dimensions: fairness, openness, respect, goals, opinions, options, and delegation. We propose that policymakers, researchers, retailers, restaurant managers, and others who design food menus, set food defaults, decide about which labels to use, and design food choice architectures in other ways should use the presented arguments to reflect on whether nudging people towards plant-based diets is ethical.","PeriodicalId":47436,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138628477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial: Digital Vulnerability 社论：数字漏洞

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09555-6

T. Dodsworth, C. Riefa, S. Saintier, C. Twigg-Flesner

引用次数: 0

Global Class Actions: Towards a Blockchain-Based Dispute Resolution System 全球集体诉讼:走向基于区块链的争议解决系统

IF 2.3

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER POLICY Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10603-023-09553-8

S. Kaya, E. Şahin-Şengül

引用次数: 0