Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of drip irrigation and mulching on the yield of an apple orchard","authors":"A. Gigova, Vesela Petrovа","doi":"10.61308/kwgj4434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/kwgj4434","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020 - 2021, on the territory of the experimental field „Chelopechene“ of IPAZR „N. Pushkarov“ an experimental trial was conducted with an intensive apple plantation of the Florina variety, created in 2017. The soils in the study area are leached cinnamon forest. In terms of rainfall, both years are very dry with a guarantee of 95.67% (2020) and 94.07% (2021). For 2020, on average, during the vegetation period of the apple plantation in the infant period, to maintain the soil moisture in the range of 70% of FC to 100% of FC, it was necessary to submit 10 watering rates with an irrigation rate of 380 mm, and for 2021. 12 watering cans with an irrigation rate of 510 mm. Water savings when using mulch averages 30-35%. For 2020 (second year) in the version with mulch, the yield is 517 kgda-1 and in the version without mulch, the yield is 266 kgda-1. In 2021 (third year), the apple orchard had a yield of 1 383 kgda-1 in the version with mulch, and 858 kgda-1 in the version without mulch. Data show that mulching has a positive effect on yield by an average of 51-62%.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"22 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of technical and technological parameters of a fan of air rotary sprayer on the distribution of the working fluid in the treatment of perennial crops","authors":"Blagoj Elenov, Georgi Kostadinov","doi":"10.61308/ibbx3165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/ibbx3165","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of agricultural production from enemies must be carried out with maximum protection of the treated plantations and targeted utilization of the working fluid. Therefore, it is necessary that the distribution of Растениевъдни науки, 2023, 60(5) Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science, 2023, 60(5) https://doi.org/10.61308/IBBX3165 89 the working fluid is consistent with the parameters of the treated object. In this context, the influence of the technical parameters and the mode of operation of three air rotary sprayers on the distribution of the working fluid was investigated. It was established that the formed air torch from the three different spraying bodies, with different diameter and number of fins, affects differently the nature of the distribution of the working fluid in height, and the frequency of rotation very little affects the relative distribution. Research shows that the choice of one or another working body must be consistent with the formation of the treated vineyard or orchid garden. In accordance with the nature of the relative distribution, the use of fan rotary spreader a diameter of 600 mm in the predominant treatment of vineyards and 500 mm in the treatment of orchards can be recommended.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pepper vein mottling virus (PVMV) – a new virus for tobacco in Bulgaria","authors":"Yonko Yonchev, Yovko Dyulgerski, Gancho Pasev, Vesela Radeva-Ivanova","doi":"10.61308/ppzi6845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/ppzi6845","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to trace the emergence and development of TEV and PVMV, new viruses for tobacco in Bulgaria, in the three varietal groups of Burley, Virginia and Basmi tobacco grown in the central part of southern Bulgaria. During the period 2017-2019, immunological studies were carried out to prove new viruses for tobacco in Bulgaria from the group of potyviruses PVMV and TEV. A kit for serological identification of the French company SEDIAG S.A.S. was used to prove the viruses. To detect TEV, TAS-ELISA was performed with IgG dilution of 1:100 and DAS-ELISA - to detect PVMV with IgG dilution of 1:100. In Virginia and Basmi tobacco variety groups, the potyvirus PVMV was serologically proven, and the virus was identified for the first time in tobacco in Bulgaria. PVMV was demonstrated in monoinfection and in complex with TEV in isolates from the cultivar group Virginia and Basmi. TEV and PVMV were not detected in isolates from the Burley cultivar group. In tobacco, the two potyviruses cannot be distinguished based on symptoms alone. Accurate diagnosis is possible by applying an ELISA or PCR test","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"20 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth parameters of different cherry cultivars in the Kyustendil region","authors":"Vilina Petrova, Simeon Krumov","doi":"10.61308/nyab1154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/nyab1154","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the EC fertilizer Dynocarb MYC on the growth of 16 newly introduced cherry cultivars for the Kyustendil region - Primulat, Early Lorry, Sweet Lorry, Lorry Bloom, Big Lorry, Giant Red, Firm Red, Giorgia, Folfer, Early Star, Simcoe, Canada Giant, Skeena, Katalin, Sweetheart, Ferrovia, Bigarreau Burlat and Van was monitored. It was established that applying Dynocarb MYC positively affected the growth properties of the trees in all investigated cultivars. Regarding trunk diameter (cm²), differences compared to controls were positively demonstrated in Skeena, Firm Red, Early Star, Giant Red and Lorry Bloom. Растениевъдни науки, 2023, 60(5) Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science, 2023, 60(5) https://doi.org/10.61308/NYAB1154 77 For the other cultivars, the differences were insignificant, but the tendency was positive. The trees of the treated variants were proven to be higher in the cultivars Early Lorry, Firm Red, Early Star, Sweetheart, Ferrovia, Skeena, Katalin, Lorry Bloom, Bigarreau Burlat, and Van. In the treated cultivars, a greater average length of annual shoots was found in the cultivars Early Lorry, Firm Red, Early Star, Sweetheart, Ferrovia, Skeena, Katalin, Lorry Bloom, Bigarreau Burlat and Van.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"11 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Earliest Symptoms of Plum Pox in the Sofia Valley and Vratsa Region","authors":"Zhelyu Avramov","doi":"10.61308/bycf3873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/bycf3873","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, the fruits of the plum have occupied an important place on the table of the Bulgarians. To obtain high and stable yields an important condition is the proper organization and conduct of plant protection activities and the fast, the correct and accurate diagnosis of PPV - Stoneware. In our climate, Plum pattern manifests symptoms first on the first spring leaves. The described symptoms of flowers in different stone species are few and scarce, so we conducted the present study in two following years 2019 and 2020 to describe, differentiate and compare visual symptoms of flowering with the results of DAS-ELISA tests on the leaves of the studied stone species. From the surveyed PPV host species in two orchards 12 mather trees with color symptoms were selected and described in two regions of Bulgaria - the Sofia field (Vrajdebna (1,2 ha) and the Vratsa region (Roman Orchard Nursery (0,4 ha). In a total of 9 samples, PPV infection was confirmed. The established deviations were found only in fruit crops that bloom with white flowers. Based on the results and conclusions, the present study will contribute to the timely detection of the causative agent of pox virus in the earliest symptoms in nurseries and gardens and will provide the right and quick direction to overcome the damage through proper plant protection activities","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction of sweet cherry cultivars and hybrids to low winter temperatures and drought","authors":"Simeon Krumov","doi":"10.61308/lncd9348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/lncd9348","url":null,"abstract":"The response of some introduced sweet cherry cultivars and hybrids to abiotic stressors was studied. Resistance to low winter temperatures was monitored in laboratory conditions (2020-2021), and their sensitivity to drought in natural conditions (2018-2019). From the three levels of controlled freezing (-15ºС; -20ºС; -25ºС) it was found that the cultivars Bigalise pozna, Bigalise, and the hybrids 8-102 and № 5752 had increased cold hardiness of the regenerative organs. Van compact and Techlovan had proved to be the most sensitive at these levels of freezing. The drought resistance was determined by visual symptoms of moisture deficiency and midday leaf water potential (Ψ midday) of the trees. Under the conditions of the experiment, all the studied cultivars experience water stress, which was from “moderate” to “very high”. The Bigalise and Techlovan cultivars stand out with increased drought resistance in both years of study. The visual symptoms of moisture deficiency did not fully correspond to the established levels of water stress. The twisting of the leaves is a feature aimed at shading part of the leaves and reducing overheating.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"42 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of drought on the heading in Bulgarian triticale cultivars","authors":"Hristo Stoyanov","doi":"10.61308/viro3960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/viro3960","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study how the heading changes in exposure under the influence of natural drought processes and whether such a change affects crop productivity, 17 cultivars of winter hexaploid triticale were studied during 7 contrast growing periods. The results show that the latest heading is observed in the 2016/2017 growing period, and the earliest in the 2015/2016. During the period with the most pronounced soil and atmospheric drought - 2019/2020, the heading was earlier than the other periods. There is a tendency for the varieties AD-7291 and Vihren the heading to be earlier than the others, regardless of the environmental conditions. A tendency to later heading than the other cultivars is observed in Respect. On the other hand, early-heading cultivars have a positive effect on productivity, especially in periods of severe drought. Despite the differences observed in the heading period under the influence of drought, productivity of the cultivar Bumerang remains high. This shows that the cultivar has a high tolerance to soil drought, which makes it extremely suitable for growing in various soil and climatic conditions of Bulgaria.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of different norms of fertilizers and application of growth stimulant on growth, development and productivity of sweet pepper variety in the conditions of Kashkadarya region","authors":"Toshtemir Ostonakulov, Faxriddin Rasulov, Anvar Islomov","doi":"10.61308/rbdn8711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/rbdn8711","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of growth, development, leaf surface area, the formation of a mass of tops and roots, the total and marketable yields of the Dar Tashkent sweet pepper variety at various norms of organomineral fertilizers with the use of growth stimulant, in particular gibberellin. It was revealed that with the joint application of organomineral fertilizers at a rate of 20 t/ha + N200P160K100 kg/ ha and the treatment of plants during the flowering period with gibberellin solutions (0.6-0.7 g per 10 l of water) in sweet pepper variety Dar Tashkent has a positive effect on growth , development of plants, resulting in the formation of tall (86 cm) with the largest leaf surface (0.71 m2 ), powerful tops (905 g) and root system (191 g), productivity (917 g) and marketable yield (34.7 t/ha). At the same time, the yield increase amounted to 5.9-8.8 hectares.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"44 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of main agronomy factors on the productivity and physical characteristics of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under conventional and transitional-organic production","authors":"Atanas Atanasov, Margarita Nankova","doi":"10.61308/fekz3910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/fekz3910","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate, based on the yield and the physical properties of grain, the response of five Tr. aestivum L. varieties developed at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute grown under transition to organic production (TOP) and under conventional production (CP) during 2018 – 2020. Under TOP, decisive for productivity were the type of previous crop and the conditions for development in the specific year. The higher productivity of cultivars Kosara (3903.9 kg/ha), Rada and Kalina was advantageous under organic production. The CP of wheat exceeded by yield the TOP grown wheat with 2178.5 kg/ha (64.38 %), and in years with unfavorable conditions – with more than 80 %. Under CP, mineral fertilization was a yield-determining factor. The highest mean yield from the tested varieties was obtained under fertilization with N180P60K60 - 7189.8 kg/ha. Cultivar Rada was with the highest productivity under conventional growing (6143.9 kg/ha). Under both ways of production, cultivars Dragana and Pchelina had higher values of test weight. The previous crops pea and oil seed rape had favorable effect on the values of this parameter, while fertilization with N180P60K60 decreased them. Thousand kernel weight under both ways of production was highest in cultivar Kalina, followed by Dragana and Rada. In contrast to test weight, grain with highest 1000 kernel weight was obtained under the highest norm of mineral fertilization and after previous crop oilseed rape. The level of all tested correlations was considerably higher under the TOP in comparison to the CP for mass production of wheat.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"37 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological evaluation and determination of the traits stability in breeding materials in the early generations","authors":"Zlatina Uhr, Teodora Angelova, Evgeniy Dimitrov, Rangel Dragov","doi":"10.61308/dbod8638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61308/dbod8638","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out on an experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo during the period 2016 - 2018. Nineteen common winter wheat lines and variety Sadovo 1 were studied, under the controlled trial conditions. The purpose of the research is technological evaluation and determination of the stability of traits in breeding materials in the early generations. The analyzes were carried out in a laboratory to assess the technological qualities of the grain. For the characterization of the studied lines, the following traits were taken into account: sedimentation value (SV) - using a 2% solution of glacial acetic acid (Pumpyanskiy, 1971); fermentation number FN - Pelshenke test (PT) by mixing a sample with live yeast in two repetitions (Pelshenke et al., 1953). The traits stability of breeding material was evaluated by the stability variances σi2 and Si2 according to Shukla (1972), the equivalency Wi according to Wricke (1962) and the criterion of phenotypic stability (Ysi) according to Kang (1993). The program product IPCSSVKYSI (Interactive program for calculating Shukla’s stability index (Ysi), developed by Kang & Magari (1995) was used to determine the stability index. The highest value for the trait sedimentation value was reported for line RU 32/2072.73.74, followed by line RU 47/3504. With a high value of the trait fermentation number are the lines RU 32/2072.73.74, RU 91/1729; RU 93/1895 and RU 128/2900. The influence of the factors genotype, environment and their interaction on the phenotypic appearance of the studied traits has been significant. The following lines can be highlighted as valuable breeding materials: RU 32/2072,73,74 and RU 47/3504 (high value and stability of the traits of sedimentation value and fermentation number). RU 49/2300 (high value and stability of the trait sedimentation value). RU 91/1729 (high value and stability of the trait fermentation number) The listed genotypes can be successfully used in breeding and improvement work to create new and high-quality common winter wheat varieties.","PeriodicalId":474271,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science","volume":"13 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}