Health & Social Work最新文献

{"title":"Student Mental Health: A Guide for Teachers, School and District Leaders, School Psychologists and Nurses, Social Workers, Counselors, and Parents. William Dikel","authors":"M. Smith","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46285078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Caregiving in Older Adults: How Systems of Care Perpetuate the Grand Challenges and What Social Workers Can Do about It.","authors":"Nancy Kusmaul,&nbsp;Stephanie P Wladkowski","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct care workers (DCWs) provide personal care, emotional support, and companionship, helping older adults maintain quality lives. DCWs earn low wages, have little training, and experience high turnover rates. While the demand for DCWs grows, real wages continue to fall. Undervaluing DCWs threatens the continuity and quality of care that older adults receive. Through the social work grand challenges lens, this article discusses two qualitative studies, in home care (n = 24) and nursing homes (n = 23), that demonstrate that while DCWs help advance long and productive lives, they experience extreme economic inequality and lack equal opportunity and justice. The article concludes with a discussion of social work's role in advancing opportunity and justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39231455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Banks and Food Pantries Provide Protection for Racial and Ethnic Minorities during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab015","url":null,"abstract":"A mid the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, many Americans have experienced food insecurity. Enrollment in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program soared to 43 million people in April 2020 (Tiehen, 2020). Across the United States, people waited hours to receive food assistance from food banks and food pantries. Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionally affected by food insecurity, with nearly 40 percent of Black and Hispanic families suffering from food hardship during the pandemic and their families with children nearly twice as likely as White families to be struggling to afford food (Harvard University School of Public Health, 2020; Schanzenbach & Pitts, 2020). Food banks and pantries are locally based and directly involved in food storage, food distribution, and meals preparation. Given its role in providing emergency food assistance, how does communitybased food assistance respond to increasing demand during the pandemic? To what extent does community food assistance help Americans in meeting their food needs and reduce disparities in food security? We applied pooled cross-sectional analysis using the Household Pulse Survey Phase 1 (12 weeks, April 23, 2020, to July 21, 2020) and Phase 2 (five weeks, August 19, 2020, to October 26, 2020) collected by the U.S. Census Bureau (2020). Results showed that nearly 10 percent of Americans reported receiving free groceries or meals in the past seven days during this period. Whereas Black households are more likely than White households to receive food assistance from food banks and pantries (odds ratio [OR] 1⁄4 1.53, p < .001) (see Table 1), their risk of experiencing food insecurity is higher (OR 1⁄4 2.2, p < .001), indicating their unmet food needs even with community nutrition assistance support. A similar pattern is also found in Hispanic households, with the OR of food insecurity at 1.49 (p < .001) and that of food assistance by food banks and pantries at 1.14 (p < .05). Greater protection from community food assistance is provided for Black (OR 1⁄4 1.67, p < .001) and Hispanic (OR 1⁄4 1.23, p < .05) households","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"239-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8385825/pdf/hlab015.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39205987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Appraisals in Patients with Physical Injury: Assessing the Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Depression and Pain Catastrophizing.","authors":"Valerie J Hruschak, Yan Yuan, Whitney Ringwald, Corinne Beaugard, Melissa Repine, Maria Pacella-LaBarbara, Daniel Rosen, Gerald Cochran","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hsw/hlab021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is a complex construct contributing to significant impairment, particularly among physically injured patients seeking treatment in trauma and orthopedic surgery settings in which social workers are an integral component of care. The biopsychosocial theory, fear-avoidance, and cognitive mediation models of pain suggest that psychological factors (for example, depression) affect one's ability to tolerate distress, leading to negative pain appraisals, such as catastrophizing. This study examined whether distress tolerance serves as a mechanism by which depression is associated with pain catastrophizing. We administered a health survey to outpatient trauma and orthopedic surgery clinic patients who were using opioid medications; 84 patients were included in the final analysis; 39.3 percent screened positive for depression. A multilevel mediation model using structural equation modeling revealed a significant direct effect from depression to pain catastrophizing (ß = .31, z = 3.96, p < .001) and a significant indirect effect by distress tolerance (Δß = .27, z = 3.84, p < .001). These results, which suggest that distress tolerance partially mediated the path from depression to pain catastrophizing, can inform social workers and other members of the multidisciplinary team about both the critical role of psychosocial factors after injury and interventions to improve postinjury recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"187-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785948/pdf/hlab021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39225196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Preventing Ageist Attitudes Is Not Enough during COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Sasha Cabin,&nbsp;Elliott Jardin","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab008","url":null,"abstract":"T he public discourse surrounding the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has misrepresented and devalued older adults (Fraser et al., 2020). Blatantly ageist attitudes have perpetrated social media as evidenced by trending hashtags, such as “#BoomerRemover” and “#OkBoomer,” which frequently have been accompanied by disparaging and devaluing memes (Sparks, 2020). Ageism is nothing new in Western culture (Butler, 1995); yet in a time of increased susceptibility to a potentially fatal virus and chronic loneliness, the cost of institutional and individual ageism may be far greater than previously thought. Negative stereotypes of older individuals permeate facets of society including, but not limited to, health care, mental health care, and social media, the effects of which have been heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical research suggests that reframing the negative stereotypes held about older adults into positive ideals heeds potential clinical benefit to older adults’ self-esteem, physical health, and overall well-being (Levy, Ashman, & Dror, 2000). In this column, we seek to provide background on the dangers and prevalence of ageism in the era of COVID-19. Furthermore, we suggest potential ways in which each of us can disseminate knowledge on the positive aspects of growing older to further improve the lives of older adults.","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"231-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/hsw/hlab008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38954684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean Immigrants' Perception of Mental Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors.","authors":"Eun Koh,&nbsp;Ga-Young Choi,&nbsp;Sam Choi,&nbsp;Ji-Young Cho","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes a study that investigated Korean immigrants' perception of mental well-being and help-seeking behaviors with particular focus on those with mental illness. Participants with probable diagnoses of anxiety or depression were more likely to recognize their mental health problems and their impact than those without such diagnoses. However, many of them did not acknowledge experiencing mental health problems and did not show high likelihood of seeking professional mental health services. The cultural beliefs and the lack of culturally competent mental health services appeared to contribute to the low levels of recognition of mental health problems and also the low rates of mental health service utilization. The participants listed mental health professionals' ability to communicate in the language of their preference, confidentiality, and affordability as significant factors in their decision to seek professional help. The study findings emphasize the great need of mental health educational programs within the Korean immigrant community. The findings also suggest that resources and infrastructures be secured for the provision of culturally competent mental health services for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/hsw/hlab009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38961289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Work Competencies in an Academic Medical Center: The Case of Singapore Health Services.","authors":"Lai Meng Ow Yong,&nbsp;Soo Cheng Goh,&nbsp;Judith Fong Hsia Chew","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2014, the Singapore Health Services (SingHealth), an academic medical center, implemented a dual-level competency framework for medical social workers; it comprises 23 behavioral descriptors and six competency clusters at the general level and 30 behavioral descriptors and six competency clusters at the advanced level. This study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the experience among medical social workers with supervisory roles in the implementation of this competency framework. Findings showed that implementation of the competency framework lifted professional standards and image of the profession. The competency framework also helped foster stronger networks, trust, and partnerships among SingHealth organizations. Contextual features that influenced its implementation were as follows: workforce capacity and capability, management support, opportunities, training road maps, and staff's personal life stage. Operationalizing terms used in the competency framework and specifying the validity period of each competency domain within the framework were found to be crucial to its implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39260174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Impacts on Social Work and Nursing Now and into the Future: National Administration Plans.","authors":"Ethan J Evans,&nbsp;Nassrine Noureddine,&nbsp;Susanna R Curry,&nbsp;Kisun Nam","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hsw/hlab020","url":null,"abstract":"S ocial workers and nurses are experiencing acute levels of stress during the pandemic. This stress is due to the difficulty of providing services to clients who are in states of crisis, while simultaneously experiencing COVID-19-related trauma in their own lives. As current professionals report burnout and exhaustion, students training for these professions are also experiencing adverse impacts. For professions already seeing worker shortages before the pandemic, this complicates the path toward filling unmet needs in the workforce (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2020; Spurlock, 2020). Moreover, it could compromise progress toward the so-called triple aim in health care—enhancing patient experience, improving population health, and reducing costs— (Berwick, Nolan, & Whittington, 2008). Care team well-being is a prerequisite for the triple aim, thus calls for an expanded version—the quadruple aim— which would include provider well-being and prevention of burnout (Bachynsky, 2020; Batcheller, Zimmermann, Pappas, & Adams, 2017; Bodenheimer & Sinsky, 2014). In this column, we present recent research on the stress being felt among social workers and nurses on the existing workforce shortages and discuss the pressure experienced by students who hope to join these fields. We conclude with a preview of measures presented by the Biden– Harris administration to support colleges and universities and particular efforts to replenish the health care workforce as disruption caused by the pandemic evolves.","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344478/pdf/hlab020.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39178799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Social Roles and Role Transference: Lessons Learned from a Chinese American Family Caregiver.","authors":"Man Wai Alice Lun,&nbsp;Melissa E Gorton","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39226382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Poverty, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Adult Health Outcomes.","authors":"Hana Lee,&nbsp;Kristen S Slack,&nbsp;Lawrence M Berger,&nbsp;Rebecca S Mather,&nbsp;Rebecca K Murray","doi":"10.1093/hsw/hlab018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlab018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to consider childhood poverty in relation to a count measure of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as a predictor of adult health outcomes and to determine whether associations are sensitive to how childhood poverty is operationalized. A sample of 10,784 adult residents was derived using data 2014-2015 Wisconsin annual Behavioral Risk Factor Survey data, derived from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Adult health outcomes (health risk behaviors, general health problems, chronic health problems, and depression) were predicted using a more conservative and severe indicator of childhood poverty, and authors tested whether observed associations were attenuated by the inclusion of an ACE count variable. Findings showed that severe indicators of childhood poverty are associated with general and chronic health problems as well as adult depression. These associations are attenuated, but remain intact, when ACEs are included in regression models. Using the CDC BRFSS data for Wisconsin, the study showed that associations between childhood poverty and adult health are sensitive to the way in which childhood poverty is operationalized. The relationship between childhood poverty and other ACEs is complex and thus warrants treating the former as a distinct childhood adversity rather than an item in an ACE summary score.</p>","PeriodicalId":47424,"journal":{"name":"Health & Social Work","volume":"46 3","pages":"159-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39226602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}