Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation最新文献

{"title":"A Faction of One: Revisiting Madison's Notes on the Constitutional Convention","authors":"Gerard N. Magliocca","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay on <i>Madison's Hand: Revising the Constitutional Convention</i>, Mary Bilder's revisionist account (2016) of James Madison's <i>Notes</i> on the Constitutional Convention argues that her central thesis, which is that Madison substantially revised the <i>Notes</i> long after the Convention adjourned, is groundbreaking but will have no effect on constitutional law. <i>Madison's Hand</i> is groundbreaking because the book yields many powerful insights into the deliberations of the Convention and into the evolution of Madison's thought. Nevertheless, constitutional practice in the Supreme Court and among elite lawyers is so divorced from the <i>Notes</i> that even a dramatic shift in their interpretation will not disturb the evolution of judicial doctrine applying the text written in 1787.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125787546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on a Funhouse Mirror—Racist Violence, the Protection of Privilege, and the Limits of Tolerance","authors":"George I. Lovell","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12295","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jeannine Bell's <i>Hate Thy Neighbor: Move In Violence and the Persistence of Racial Segregation in American Housing</i> provides an account of racist violence as a tool for maintaining housing segregation that challenges perceptions of rising tolerance and demonstrates the importance of understanding racism as a structural feature of social organization. Bell shows how some perpetrators of move in violence deploy claims about “property values” as a defense against charges of racism. The use of such claims starkly illustrates how colorblind racism allows assertions of racial privilege to resonate as neutral articulations of rational self-interest. The desire to defend racial privileges persists as a significant practical barrier to racial equality even when tolerance increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116247195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supreme Court Elections: How Much They Have Changed, Why They Changed, and What Difference It Makes","authors":"Lawrence Baum","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12290","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12290","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay draws on four recent studies of elections to state supreme courts in the United States to probe widely perceived changes in the scale and content of electoral campaigns for seats on state supreme courts.1 Evidence from these studies and other sources indicates that changes have indeed occurred, though they are more limited than most commentaries suggest. These changes stem most directly from trends in state supreme court policy that have attracted interest-group activity, especially from the business community. Like their extent, the effects of change in supreme court campaigns have been meaningful although exaggerated by many observers. What we have learned about changes in supreme court elections has implications for choices among selection systems, but those implications are mixed and complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130206124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fundamental Contradiction Redux? Liberty, Coercion, and American Legal Development","authors":"Paul Baumgardner","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12289","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>In</i> Liberty and Coercion: The Paradox of American Government from the Founding to the Present<i>, Gary Gerstle offers an ambitious account of American legal development from our nation's founding up to the present day. In many ways, Gerstle's account is in keeping with the long scholarly tradition of linking legal liberalism with changes in American law and politics. However</i>, Liberty and Coercion <i>also calls to mind critical legal scholarship, most notably Duncan Kennedy's “The Structure of Blackstone's Commentaries” and the idea of the fundamental contradiction. After reconstructing Kennedy's central claims, I highlight how they actually undermine</i> Liberty and Coercion <i>and jeopardize the larger legal liberal tradition</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symposium: How Law Works—Editor's Introduction","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12291","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12291","url":null,"abstract":"For this issue of Law & Social Inquiry, it is my pleasure to introduce a symposium exploring the contributions of two important recent books that examine how law works in society. In The Force of Law (2015), Frederick Schauer takes on the long-running debate over whether people comply with the law because they fear the sanctions that would result from noncompliance or because they accept law’s legitimacy. As indicated in the title of his book, Schauer comes out squarely on the side of the former. What differentiates law from other rules that operate in society, he argues, is law’s coercive power. Sanctions, not moral sensibilities or a belief in the legitimacy of law, are at the heart of Schauer’s account of legal compliance. In The Expressive Powers of Law: Theories and Limits (2015), Richard H. McAdams charts a different course. He pushes beyond the deterrence-versuslegitimacy debate and considers the role of “expressive mechanisms”—particularly the coordination of behavior and the promulgation of information—in explaining why people comply with the law. The expressive powers of the law, McAdams argues, cannot be reduced to either the fear of legal sanctions or the perceived legitimacy of the legal system. They constitute an underappreciated factor in explaining the phenomenon of legal compliance. These are major works of scholarship by two leading figures in the legal academy. Each book has attracted considerable, overwhelmingly laudatory attention (see, e.g., Dawood 2015; Gulati 2015; Geisinger and Stein 2016; Greenberg 2016). The Force of Law has already been the subject of legal philosophy symposia (Bezemek and Ladavac 2016; Canale and Tuzet 2016). LSI’s symposium offers a fresh assessment of Schauer’s and McAdams’s books. First, by considering these two books together, contributors bring additional insights to the task of evaluating each. Second, this symposium offers a distinctively interdisciplinary approach to assessing the contribution of these books. It brings together some of the most creative minds in the legal academy to assess the achievement of these two books from a variety of methodological and disciplinary perspectives. This kind of interdisciplinary synthesis, drawing on methodologies from multiple disciplines to engage with questions of deep interest to legal academics and legal practitioners, exemplifies what I believe to be LSI’s unique place in the world of law-and-society scholarship. I would like to thank the six contributors to this symposium for producing such insightful essays and Richard McAdams and Fred Schauer for their thoughtful, generous responses. I also would like to thank the University of Chicago Law School and the University of Virginia Law School for sponsoring the “How Law","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125456624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Notes","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12280","url":null,"abstract":"CIVIL JUSTICE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY AND HISTORY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND SOCIAL CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 IMPACT OF LAW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 JUDGES AND JUDGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 LAW AND EXECUTIVE POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 LAW AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 LAW AND GENDER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 LAW AND LABOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 LAW AND LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 LAW AND MARKETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 LAW AND MEDICINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 LAW AND RACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 LAW AND RHETORIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 LAW AND THE TRANSMISSION OF WEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 LEGAL PROFESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 PUBLIC INTEREST LAW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 RULE OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 TRANSFORMATION OF LEGAL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 TRANSNATIONAL LAW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review Section","authors":"Howard S. Erlanger","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137949729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil Society and the Lawyers’ Movement of Pakistan","authors":"Sahar Shafqat","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12283","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the conditions under which judiciaries become politicized under authoritarian regimes, focusing on the 2007–2009 lawyers’ movement of Pakistan. The prodemocracy movement arose after the sacking of the Supreme Court Chief Justice by General Musharraf, and was remarkably successful in removing Musharraf and restoring the sacked judges. Although the conventional wisdom is that such judiciaries are quiescent, I argue that judicial actors can play important roles in democratization, but only under certain conditions. In the case of Pakistan, civil society actors were vital in helping the judiciary become politicized and in linking the lawyers’ movement to the larger cause of democratization. I argue that, otherwise, the lawyers’ movement could not have headed the movement that eventually led to the restoration of democracy. Specifically, I argue that civil society played a crucial role, framing the movement as broad, national, and prodemocracy, which enabled it to overthrow the authoritarian regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133218163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policing Social Marginality: Contrasting Approaches","authors":"Steve Herbert,&nbsp;Katherine Beckett,&nbsp;Forrest Stuart","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12287","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban police officers concentrate much attention on individuals who experience various forms of inequality. Some police tactics that address the socially marginal garner public concern, especially when violence occurs. Solutions to such police-community tensions are elusive, in part because police cannot meaningfully reduce inequality. Yet there are better and worse ways to police the impoverished, and we use this article to contrast three general approaches: aggressive patrol, coercive benevolence, and officer-assisted harm reduction. We contrast their operating logics and their implications for police practice and tactics. We find great merit in officer-assisted harm reduction, which is a nascent effort. Pioneered in Seattle, it helps to reorient police culture and practice and enables efforts to address some of the challenges facing many impoverished individuals. Although its widespread adoption will not eliminate police-community tension in poor communities, it is superior to other alternatives, and thus deserves replication.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127574711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regime Change and Property Rights Consciousness in Postcommunist Romania","authors":"Mihaela Şerban","doi":"10.1111/lsi.12286","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lsi.12286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article analyzes rights consciousness as distinct from legal consciousness, and uses the post-1989 housing restitution in Romania to study property rights consciousness as a type of rights consciousness. I argue that property rights consciousness is only partially an outcome of state power and the political regime, and that rights consciousness more generally must be explicitly analyzed beyond formal rights, legal mobilization, and litigation. I explore sources of rights consciousness for former owners and their heirs, state tenants, and lawyers. Sources of rights consciousness include state policies under distinct property regimes, value systems and ideologies, history, identity, practices, supranational actors, and expectations of what rights can deliver. I find clear distinctions between legal and rights consciousness, as well as variations between and within the groups. The article is based on extensive archival research, interviews conducted in the city of Timişoara, Romania, textbooks, academic articles, and court decisions pre- and post-1989.</p>","PeriodicalId":47418,"journal":{"name":"Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lsi.12286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133507141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}