Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ最新文献

{"title":"Testing a numerically-analytical method for prediction design maxima discharges of floods using plotting position formulas: the river Uzh case, the “Uzhhorod” gauging station data","authors":"Dmytro V. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.138-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.138-162","url":null,"abstract":"There are a lot of analytical probability distributions that might be used to predict peak discharges of floods. However, there is no proper theoretical or another similar justification for choosing an appropriate parametric probability distribution to predict peak discharges of floods by using observed data. As a permissible hypothesis, any of recommended probability distributions can be considered providing it meets the given statistical criteria and other considerations for the adequacy of simulation are taken into account. In turn, more than seventeen plotting position formulas have been proposed. They provide a non-parametric means to estimate the observed data probability distribution. Using a plotting position formula, a plot of the estimated values from a theoretical parametric probability distribution can be compared with the observed data.The choice of a better plotting position formula for fitting the different probability distributions has been discussed many times in hydrology and statistical literature. However, no specific criterion for choosing these formulas has been proposed yet. Perhaps there is no need for such a criterion. Maybe, the diversity of estimates that can be obtained due to these formulas matters more. Due to the diversity of the different plotting position estimates, from the point of view of informational entropy, different plotting position formulas enable revealing epistemic (non-stochastic or subjective) uncertainty in predictions of hydrological extremes.Results of calculating empirical annual probabilities of exceedance observed maxima discharge employing various plotting position formulas show that increasing the predicting horizon toward low probable and more extreme events increases the divergence between the estimates obtained using the different plotting position formulas. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that this divergence may be extrapolated to predict design maxima discharges of floods based on empirical estimates of plotting position probabilities.This paper proposes a numerically-analytical method using such an extrapolation. It is based on using different plotting position formulas, numerical calculations of plotting position probabilities, and extrapolation of the divergence between the obtained estimates. The method is tested in predicting the maxima discharges of 0.5% and 1% annual probability of exceedance for the Uzh River flowing in the Transcarpathia region, the hydrological station “Uzhhorod” data.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and operational safety of tailing storage facilities: analysis of accidents, causes and technical state diagnostic methods","authors":"Leonid M. Rudakov","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.66-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.66-84","url":null,"abstract":"A number of high-profile industrial accidents occurred at sludge and tailings storage facilities in different countries of the world are considered. The problem of ecological and technogenic danger of operating such objects, which leads to significant casualties among the civilian population, serious economic losses and harms the surrounding natural environment, is illustrated. The main causes of emergency situations have been established and analysed, it will help to reduce the risk of accidents and to minimize negative environmental consequences for similar facilities in Ukraine. The retrospective review covers the period from 1960 to 2022. During this time, about 150 cases of soil dams’ destruction in waste storage facilities were recorded. The different tendency in the frequency of accidents is noted. In particular, during the period from 1960 to 2009, there were 98 accidents with an average frequency of nearly two (1.98) per year. Over the last decade (2010-2020), the number of accidents reached 36 cases, and their frequency almost doubled to 3.6 accidents per year. Over the past two years, from the beginning of 2021 to December 2022, 10 accidents have already been registered. The vast majority of accidents during this period occurred in 34 countries of the world. The largest number of them was noted in the USA (22.4%), China (10.4%), Brazil (7.5%), Chile (6.7%), the Philippines (6.0%), Canada (5.2 %), Great Britain (4.5%) and other countries. Studies note jumps in the increase of accidents that have ten-year trends (1975, 1985, 1995, 2005). The general tendency of mass accidents since the beginning of 2015 is shown, which is substantiated by the expired terms of operation of many mining and ore enterprises (mines) and significant (exceeding normative) terms of operation of tailings storage facilities, which in some places were left without proper supervision and care. It was established that a violation of the dam slope stability (37%), an overflow of the designed capacity of the tailings storage facility (12%), seismic activity (11%), etc., are the main causes of accidents. A review of modern approaches to the management of dangerous anthropogenic objects and methods of diagnosing the technical condition of such structures was conducted. The use of a complex of organizational and technical solutions about the implementing the modern methods of assessment and control the technical condition of waste storage facilities at various levels of their operation and stages of the life cycle is proposed.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of \"green\" roofs on rainwater management: review of scientific research and perspectives of use","authors":"Tetiana M. Tkachenko, Viktor O. Mileikovskyi, Marina V. Kravchenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.35-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.35-53","url":null,"abstract":"The multifaceted advantages of \"green\" technologies are analyzed, one of which is the effective management of rainwater in urbanized regions, which allows solving a number of important problems, such as: local waste disposal; reduction of runoff volumes due to evapotranspiration from vegetation and open surfaces; retention of rainwater in the soil; reduction of peak flow values due to temporary storage of water in the substrate and drainage layer; improving the quality of rainwater, which then falls into the soil or is collected in separate reservoirs for further use for technical or domestic purposes. Based on the analysis of experimental studies by world-class scientists, it is shown that for extensive \"green\" roofs, the average efficiency of rainwater retention is estimated between 45% and 60%, and the cumulative annual retention is about 50% and 60%, depending on the local climate. The results of a study on determining the degree of reduction of rainwater runoff from the surfaces of \"green\" roofs, which were conducted on two model roofs (extensive and intensive) in Poland, are given. It is well-founded that the rainwater absorbed by the layers of the \"green\" roof slowly evaporates over a long period of time, which means maintaining a more stable relative air humidity in the vicinity of the building. The method of determining the amount of rainwater runoff from the surface of \"green\" roofs, as well as determining the daily load of rainwater drainage on the analyzed site, is presented. It was established that about 44% of rainwater from torrential rains is retained in the layers of the \"green\" roof, and in the case of an intensity not exceeding 5 mm/day, rainwater is completely retained by both intensive and extensive roofs. The advantages of \"green\" technologies in the process of filtering rainwater, which can be collected in tanks and used for technical needs, are considered. The prospects of rainwater management using \"green\" roofing systems on roofs in different countries of the world and, in particular, in Ukraine, were analyzed. The ranking of the total area and density of \"green\" roofs used for rainwater management in different cities of the world for 2022 is given. The authors developed and presented a recommended system of measures for the development and implementation of \"green\" roofs in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the fractional composition of the dust of the working area when drilling composite materials based on carbon fibers","authors":"Olga O. Chencheva","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.100-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.100-108","url":null,"abstract":"Modern production of unmanned aerial vehicles is characterized by the use of high-tech materials based on carbon fibers, the assembly operations of which are characterized by a large number of mechanical drilling operations, which are performed mainly by hand using a carbide tool with a diamond coating. The paper presents a study of the concentrations and dispersion of the dust composition and the geometric shape of the dust-forming particles in the working space of workers of machining shops during the technological operations of drilling, milling and countersinking of packages of composite materials based on carbon polyacrylonitrile fibers. On the basis of the conducted experiments, the regularities of the distribution of dust of different fractions in the horizontal and vertical planes of the working space at a distance covering the zone of the immediate location of the worker during this type of operation were determined. The obtained data made it possible to record a significant excess of the maximum allowable concentrations of finely dispersed residues of polyacrylonitrile fibers in the working area of the drill, 2.5 and 10 μm in size and elements of the carbon matrix. In order to investigate the possibility of a negative impact of the dust of the working area on the body of the worker, a study of the fractionation and geometric shape of carbon fiber fragments was performed using raster microscopy, based on which it was concluded that the fiber fragments have a spear-shaped, pointed shape, and the carbon matrix forms conglomerates, which are characterized sharp edges and can cause significant damage when they affect the human respiratory system. On the basis of the obtained results, recommendations were given in the work to improve the indicators of the dust load of workers to normalized values with the help of the use of special suction devices and personal protective equipment with special filters.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear Oscillations of the High-Rise Buildings","authors":"Gela Kipiani, Elina Kristesiashvili, Anna Tabatadze, Zaza Jangidze","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.194-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.194-202","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic calculations are based on the hypothesis that maximum seismic horizontal displacements of inelastic systems are equal to displacements of elastic systems of equivalent frequencies.Analysis of strong earthquakes of recent years (San Francisco, USA, 1971, Spitak, Armenia, 1988, Kobe, Japan, 1995 and others) led scientists to the conclusion that this hypothesis cannot be recognized as acceptable. In a number of cases, the maximum horizontal displacements turned out to be 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the maximum displacements of elastic systems. For example, a displacement graph based on the 1985 Mexico City earthquake shows that the actual plastic displacements are 100 times the expected plastic displacements. In the case of other earthquakes, there are hundreds of subtle inconsistencies. The quantitative results concluded that the intensity of building vibrations exceeded 1.5 times the 9-point design seismic intensity 2.5 and that a special approach, including the need to consider impact effects, is needed and is particularly serious in such zones. This should also be taken into account. Inelastic deformations are indicated. The new calculation is used to study non-linear oscillations caused by impulsive actions of a continuous system. In the case of elastic vibration, changing the mass gives very different results. Reducing the lower mass by a factor of 3 reduces the displacement by a factor of 2.2 for the upper mass and 2.4 for the second mass. The same impact was applied to a 16-story building and the stiffness distribution of the rods was studied in different ways. The stiffness was constant everywhere, constant within 4 stories, where it varied linearly and parabolically with height. Displacements during the course of the pulse shock were greater in the stiffer buildings. Furthermore, the vibration decreases in amplitude by a factor of 3 or more for the upper mass and by a factor of 4 for the lower mass. The force on the upper rod is reduced by a factor of 4 and the force on the lower rod is reduced by a factor of 6. This will make it possible to perform calculations for a small time scale, which is necessary to take into account high-frequency oscillations that occur in the epicentric zone.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for creating surfaces with vegetation on buildings in Poland","authors":"Adam Ujma","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.23-34","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Green Building Council, energy demand in buildings will increase double, by 2050. Worldwide, construction and the built environment contribute about 39% of global carbon dioxide (28% from operational emissions, from energy needed to heat, cool and power them, and the remaining 11% from materials and construction) and 50% of the world’s resource consumption. Thus, maximising energy efficiency and improving the environment are the main directions of construction development. Both tasks can be solved using green structures that connect living plants with building structures (green roofs, living facades and living interior walls). The data from the main organisations in the branch has been analysed: United Nations, The World Green Building Council, European Parlament and Council, and also Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction. They state the need for green and blue infrastructure, and sustainable urbanisation, incl. decarbonising of buildings and mitigation of urban heat islands. Greening of buildings is a measure to achieve the requirements. In addition, it improves health and well-being or increases biodiversity. Poland has the corresponding norms to stimulate the greening of buildings. The term “biologically active area” is defined as the area with an area arranged in a way that ensures natural vegetation of plants and rainwater retention; such an area also covers 50% of the surface of terraces and flat roofs with a vegetation layer with vegetation and other surfaces (e.g. green facade), providing natural vegetation of plants, with an area of not less than 10 m2, surface water in this area. Special tax policies give privileges to those who green their building(s). These measures have a good result in spreading green structures, which is proved by the objects represented in the article.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallelization of numerical solutions of shallow water equations by the finite volume method for implementation on multiprocessor systems and graphics processors","authors":"Maksym V. Sorokin","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.163-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.163-193","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of approaches to parallelization of grid-based numerical methods for solving shallow water equations for multiprocessor systems and graphics processors is presented. A multithreaded approach for shared-memory computing systems implemented on the basis of the OpenMP programming interface and a geometric decomposition approach with message-passing using the MPI library for distributed-memory computers are described. Multithreading for programming GPUs based on the OpenACC software interface is considered. For the COASTOX-UN system of two-dimensional modeling of hydrodynamics, sediment and radionuclide transport in river systems and coastal areas of the seas, the parallelization of its hydrodynamic model COASTOX-HD was carried out. In the developed numerical model, the shallow water equations are solved by finite-volume numerical methods on unstructured computational grids with triangular cells of variable size. The parallelization is implemented using a hybrid MPI+OpenACC approach targeting multiprocessor systems and GPUs. For multiprocessor computers, geometric decomposition and MPI-based messaging are used, and for GPUs, multithreading is implemented using OpenACC directives. The performance of the developed parallel hydrodynamic model was evaluated during the calculation of typical problems of hydrodynamics of shallow water bodies, river flood, and tsunami wave run-up on the coast on a Dell Precision Workstation 7920 multi-core workstation with two 20-core Intel Xeon Gold 6230 processors and NVIDIA Quadro RTX 5000 and NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 graphics cards. It is shown that the developed model has significantly accelerated the simulation on the considered multiprocessor system and the considered GPUs. The acceleration on GPUs depends on the size of the computational grid, increasing to saturation with an increase in the number of grid cells. It is established that for the developed parallel model, whose numerical schemes are related to algorithms with low computational intensity, the memory bandwidth of the NVIDIA architecture GPUs is a more important limiting factor of acceleration than their performance.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-making information technologies for the resources determination of forest fire extinguishing by aviation","authors":"Oleksandr V. Nesterenko, Valery B. Polischuk, Volodymir V. Khyzhniak, Viktor L. Shevchenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.109-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.109-123","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a solution to the scientific and applied problem of decision support automation in case of determined resource provision of civil defense forces for extinguishing forest fires. This topic is of great relevance both in peacetime and in the conditions of the current armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The solved task is an important element of resolution the more complex problem of prompt response to emergency situations in the ecological and technogenic spheres. To solve this problem, a software environment for automated decision-making support by experts is proposed based on the integration method, which provides structuring of data, support of expert judgments, and visualization of decision-making processes. The functionality of this software environment is considered on the example of the use of the integration expert method and relevant information technologies to determine the resources of aviation groups for the purpose of forming a plan of operational response to the elimination of forest fires. A hierarchical model of the problem is given in accordance with AHP requirements. Also, in order to increase the effect of the conducted modeling and ranking of alternatives, the use of a network model of the problem and ANP application (which is a AHP development) to support decision-making are proposed. The ANP implementation is illustrated using the freely distributed SuperDecisions software. The developed scientific and practical approaches and toolkit are intended for functioning in operational units of the state service for emergency situations, but they can also be used in other power structures. The obtained results are aimed at increasing the level of environmental safety in forest areas and can be used to support nature management in different regions.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The updated electronic map of the overwetting manifestation and development by causes in Ukraine","authors":"Oleksii H. Rogozhin, Yevheniy O. Yakovlev, Dmytro L. Kreta","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.124-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.124-137","url":null,"abstract":"The article in historical retrospect considers the experience of mapping and analysis of regional manifestations and risk of land overwetting in Ukraine as a leading process of modern changes in the ecological state of its geological environment. Since the importance of such monitoring increases in the conditions of technogenic regulating of surface runoff (on more than 75% of the riverbeds length as regional drains of soil aquifers), the impact of climate change, and the need to take into account the activation of dangerous exogenous geological processes during the implementation of post-war reconstruction and infrastructure restoration programs. The results of works on the mapping in part of updating the electronic \"Map of the manifestation and development of overwetting by causes in the territory of Ukraine for 2015\" in the ArcGis 10.2 environment are outlined. The results of a GIS analysis of overwetting territorial distribution in the territory of Ukraine and its changes for 2002-2015 are also presented in relation to the risks of other dangerous processes activation, especially on wetted loess rocks. These studies become an argument for the greening of environmental management policy in areas of technogenic risk and natural & technogenic risk of overwetting, especially in parts of irrigation technologies, restoration of surface and underground runoff, reconstruction of large reservoirs, modernization of water supply and drainage systems in urbanized areas. It is especially emphasized that for the proper justification and functioning of monitoring, it is necessary to fully restore periodic field surveys of overwetting manifestation, primarily in the areas affected by mass flooding of mines in mining areas.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of technologies for the extraction of heavy metals from industrial wastewater","authors":"Petro H. Kyriienko, Oleksandr V. Betin, Mykola I. Zakharchenko, Serhii O. Lobov, Katerina Msallam","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.54-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2023.2.54-65","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals in the environment is mainly associated with anthropogenic human activity. These are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, heavy industry, energy. Due to air pollution, heavy metals enter the soil and water.The first place among the polluters of the environment with heavy metals is electroplating industry, where two categories of effluents are formed: spent concentrated effluent sanddiluted washing waters. In reservoirs, heavy metals have the ability to accumulate in the bottom sediments and thus are a source of second air pollution. They are not capable of biodegradation, but are able to accumulate in system components, causing a toxic effect on the animal world, humans and microorganisms. Different heavy metals affect the environment and biota in different ways. They can cause malfunction of the kidneys, liver, pancreas, accumulate in various organs and bones, causing their dysfunction. The greatest danger is heavy metals – chromium, nickel, cadmium, zinc. Their persistence, toxicity, ability to bio accumulate and migrate through trophic chains pose a danger to the existence of hydrobionts, animals and, above all, human health. The authors offer technologies for cleaning wastewater from heavy metals: reagent technologies, bacterial purification technologies, as well as phytotechnologies. Proposed sewage treatment plants for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The pollution of surface water sources, human health and living organisms will depend on the reliable extraction of heavy metals from spent galvanic effluents.","PeriodicalId":474178,"journal":{"name":"Ekologìčna bezpeka ì prirodokoristuvannâ","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}