{"title":"Allergy skin testing","authors":"Neeraj Gupta, Mugdha Anand","doi":"10.4103/jopp.jopp_20_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopp.jopp_20_23","url":null,"abstract":"Skin prick test (SPT) is used for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic disorders. It is an “in vivo” test for detecting allergen-specific IgE antibodies bound to mast cells. The cutaneous reaction in the form of wheal-and-flare response that develops following application of allergen extract serves as a surrogate marker for confirming “sensitization” to a specific allergen and it does not necessarily indicate allergy. Allergy is a clinical term, which is to be used when the patient is symptomatic along with positive SPT. SPT is considered a gold-standard investigation for IgE-mediated allergies since it is minimally invasive, inexpensive, easy to perform, relatively painless, provides quick results, and has good clinical correlation. An allergy test should always be individualized based on history, clinical features, geographical region where the patient resides, diagnostic efficacy of the test, and cost–benefit analysis. And finally, it is of utmost importance to consider negative and positive controls while interpreting allergy skin test along with clinical symptoms.","PeriodicalId":473926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unmasking spectrum of sleep disorders in office practice","authors":"Indu Khosla","doi":"10.4103/jopp.jopp_11_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopp.jopp_11_23","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sleep parallels physical, behavioral, and neurologic development in children. Sleep is an important part of physiologic, emotional, and neurocognitive development. Sleep in children is an important and dynamic process, affecting numerous aspects of health and development. Problems with sleep are relatively common but often can be challenging to recognize and hence are very often missed. At every general checkup, parents should be asked whether they have any sleep concerns, whether their child snores, and whether their child wakes up appearing rested. A few key interventions (especially sleep hygiene) can effectively be implemented in general pediatric practice, and more complex issues should be referred to a sleep specialist. Thus, the aim of this article is to sensitize the practitioner in sleep medicine and provide an overview of sleep in children, including important aspects of sleep-related physiology, key relationships between sleep and growth and development, and the most prevalent sleep disorders that pediatricians are likely to encounter.","PeriodicalId":473926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135750258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allergy diagnosis: What to look for in history and physical examination?","authors":"SNarmada Ashok","doi":"10.4103/jopp.jopp_22_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopp.jopp_22_23","url":null,"abstract":"With 20% of the world population living in India, asthma and allergic disorders have emerged as a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Most of the cases are managed by primary care physicians who have to rely greatly on history and physical examination in the absence of effective diagnostic tools. The following is a review article on the essentials of history and physical examination for allergic disorders. The main aim of the history obtained from the parent/caregiver is to help us in diagnosing true allergic disorders from the close differentials. History is essentially divided into four parts – description of symptoms in detail, presence of comorbid conditions, finding out the sensitizers or irritants, and a systematic analysis of past, family, treatment, occupational, sports, and leisure activities, the impact of the disease on the family. The history also helps in finding out red flags that point to a differential diagnosis. The physical examination allows us to evaluate the chronic impact of the disease on the child, including anthropometry, upper and lower respiratory tracts, as well as pointers for comorbid conditions like allergic rhinosinusitis with or without adenotonsillar hypertrophy, conjunctivitis, with allergic skin conditions such as urticarial and atopic dermatitis. Even in the era of increase in the diagnostic armamentarium of investigations, a good history and physical examination help us in establishing the diagnosis, finding the differentials, grading the severity, finding out the sensitizers, and assessing the comorbid condition and impact of the disease on the family.","PeriodicalId":473926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135447909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anemia of unknown etiology in a young child: Pulmonary hemosiderosis the real culprit","authors":"Aleena Naushad, Pramod Ravi","doi":"10.4103/jopp.jopp_26_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopp.jopp_26_23","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary hemosiderosis (PH) is characterized by a triad of iron-deficiency anemia, hemoptysis, and pulmonary infiltrates. We report a case of idiopathic PH diagnosed in a 6-year-old female child who initially presented with anemia of unknown etiology for about 2 years, with all the workups for the etiology of anemia being negative. When she presented to us, she had severe respiratory distress with hemoptysis. Chest X-ray showed diffuse infiltrates. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed ground-glass opacity. Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung cryobiopsy were performed, which showed hemosiderin-laden macrophages and confirmed the diagnosis of PH. After exclusion of cardiac, infective, immunological, and glomerular causes, a diagnosis of idiopathic PH was made. The child had recurrent exacerbations of lower respiratory tract infection thereafter, hence started on steroid inhalers. Even after starting inhalers, recurrent episodes continued and hence changed to oral steroids. Now, the frequency of episodes reduced, and the child had good symptom control.","PeriodicalId":473926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Pulmonology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135750283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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