Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions最新文献_第10页

The (im)possibilities of disaster risk reduction in the context of high-intensity conflict: the case of Afghanistan 在高强度冲突背景下减少灾害风险的可能性:以阿富汗为例

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1771250

R. Mena, D. Hilhorst

{"title":"The (im)possibilities of disaster risk reduction in the context of high-intensity conflict: the case of Afghanistan","authors":"R. Mena, D. Hilhorst","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1771250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1771250","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conflict aggravates disaster risk and impact through increased vulnerability and weakened response capacities. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster governance are needed – but often deemed unfeasible – in conflict-affected areas. In Afghanistan, despite the high-intensity conflict (HIC), there is a growing body of practice on DRR. To provide insight on DRR in HIC contexts, this study used document analysis, stakeholder interviews, and participant observation to analyse the promotion, implementation, and challenges of DRR in Afghanistan. The findings show that DRR was promoted after international recognition of Afghanistan’s high disaster risk, which coincided with expanding opportunities for development. Early Afghan DRR projects were hazard-oriented and focused on mitigation infrastructure, but some have shifted towards an integrated approach. DRR is challenging in HIC contexts because of complex logistical and funding needs required to overcome access and security issues. The Afghan experience shows that DRR is possible in HIC countries, provided that different levels of conflict are acknowledged, sufficient time and funding are available, and disaster governance arrangements are in place. Expectations regarding the possibilities for DRR in HIC areas should be tempered by the realities of limitations in terms of geographical coverage, real impact, and capacities to reduce vulnerability in an integrated way.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Measuring social equity in flood recovery funding 衡量洪水恢复资金中的社会公平

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1675578

C. Emrich, Eric Tate, Sarah E. Larson, Yao Zhou

{"title":"Measuring social equity in flood recovery funding","authors":"C. Emrich, Eric Tate, Sarah E. Larson, Yao Zhou","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2019.1675578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2019.1675578","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Deconstructing causal linkages between place attributes and disaster outcomes at coarse scales like zip codes and counties is difficult because heterogeneous socio-economic characteristics operating at finer scales are masked. However, capturing detailed disaster outcomes about individuals and households for large areas can be equally complicated. This dichotomy highlights the need for a more nuanced and empirically-driven approach to understanding financial disaster recovery support. This study assessed how social characteristics influenced federal disaster recovery support following the 2015 South Carolina floods. Ordinary linear and spatial regression models provided a mechanism for pinpointing statistically significant links between individual/compound vulnerabilities and resource distribution from four federal disaster response and recovery programmes. The study makes two unique contributions. First, exploration of how social characteristics influence recovery support is a critical, yet understudied path toward fair and equitable disaster recovery. Second, finer scale inquiry across a large impact area is rare in quantitative case studies of US disasters. While we found flood recovery assistance to be strongly associated with physical damage overall the relationship was more tenuous in places with higher social vulnerability. Results indicate that future disaster recovery programs focusing on both physical damage and social vulnerable would lead to a more equitable disaster recoveries. Findings provide new understanding of equity at the intersection of social vulnerability, impacts, and disaster recovery and showcase both best-practices and areas for programme improvements for future disasters.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73698887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

An assessment of best practices of extreme weather insurance and directions for a more resilient society 评估极端天气保险的最佳做法和建立更有弹性的社会的方向

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1608148

P. Hudson, L. T. Ruig, M. D. Ruiter, O. Kuik, W. Botzen, X. L. Den, Matilda Persson, Audrey Benoist, C. Nielsen

{"title":"An assessment of best practices of extreme weather insurance and directions for a more resilient society","authors":"P. Hudson, L. T. Ruig, M. D. Ruiter, O. Kuik, W. Botzen, X. L. Den, Matilda Persson, Audrey Benoist, C. Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2019.1608148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2019.1608148","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Extreme weather resilience has been defined as being based on three pillars: resistance (the ability to lower impacts), recovery (the ability to bounce back), and adaptive capacity (the ability to learn and improve). These resilience pillars are important both before and after the occurrence of extreme weather events. Extreme weather insurance can influence these pillars of resilience depending on how particular insurance mechanisms are structured. We explore how the lessons learnt from the current best insurance practices can improve resilience to extreme weather events. We employ an extensive inventory of private property and agricultural crop insurance mechanisms to conduct a multi-criteria analysis of insurance market outcomes. We draw conclusions regarding the patterns in the best practice from six European countries to increase resilience. We suggest that requirements to buy a bundle extreme weather event insurance with general insurance packages are strengthened and supported with structures to financing losses through public-private partnerships. Moreover, support for low income households through income vouchers could be provided. Similarly, for the agricultural sector we propose moving towards comprehensive crop yield insurance linked to general agricultural subsidies. In both cases a nationally representative body can coordinate the various stakeholders into acting in concert.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87003645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Approaches to state flood recovery funding in Visegrad Group Countries 维谢格拉德集团国家洪灾恢复资金的方法

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1667749

L. Slavíková, P. Raška, K. Banasik, Marton Barta, A. Kis, S. Kohnová, P. Matczak, J. Szolgay

引用次数: 12

Financial schemes for resilient flood recovery 韧性洪水恢复的财政计划

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1703624

L. Slavíková, T. Hartmann, T. Thaler

引用次数: 6

The perceived impact of the Covid-19 epidemic: evidence from a sample of 4807 SMEs in Sichuan Province, China 新冠肺炎疫情的感知影响:来自中国四川省4807家中小企业样本的证据

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1763902

Yi Lu, Jing Wu, J. Peng, Li Lu

引用次数: 203

Diffusion patterns in disaster-induced internet public opinion: based on a Sina Weibo online discussion about the ‘Liangshan fire’ in China 灾害引发的网络舆论扩散模式——基于新浪微博上关于“凉山大火”的讨论

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-05-06 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1758608

Yunqiang Liu, Jia-ling Zhu, Xiaoyu Shao, Naveen C. Adusumilli, F. Wang

{"title":"Diffusion patterns in disaster-induced internet public opinion: based on a Sina Weibo online discussion about the ‘Liangshan fire’ in China","authors":"Yunqiang Liu, Jia-ling Zhu, Xiaoyu Shao, Naveen C. Adusumilli, F. Wang","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1758608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1758608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT On April 30, 2019, a forest fire broke out in Liangshan Prefecture that resulted in the deaths of 27 firefighters and four local officials, which sparked a heated debate on the Weibo social media site. Therefore, this case was chosen to examine the evolution of disaster-induced public internet opinion in China to reduce the possibility of ‘secondary harm’ to victims and the risk of panic, and to promote administrative transparency. Life cycle theory, social network analysis, and crawler technology were applied to examine the public online discussion, from which it was found that: female contributors were more likely to share information and feelings on social media than males; people in coastal areas contributed more to the conversations than people from the central and western regions; opinion leaders with significant influence played guiding roles in the discussion; and influential users in various fields, and especially internet celebrities and fan leaders, affected the speed of the information dissemination. From the results, some practical recommendations were developed: social media could be used to retrieve valuable information to help determine disaster damage and plan disaster relief, and government agencies need to strengthen their interactions with the general population, rather than only providing one-way communication.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77622911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effectiveness of flood early warning system from the perspective of experts and three affected communities in urban areas of Pakistan 从巴基斯坦城市地区专家和三个受影响社区的角度看洪水预警系统的有效性

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1751031

I. Rana, S. Bhatti, A. Jamshed

{"title":"Effectiveness of flood early warning system from the perspective of experts and three affected communities in urban areas of Pakistan","authors":"I. Rana, S. Bhatti, A. Jamshed","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1751031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1751031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pakistan has faced frequent flash and riverine flooding in the recent decades. This study evaluates the effectiveness of flood EWS from the perspectives of local experts/institutions and communities. Interviews and consultations with the local experts (13 officials from government and other concerned departments) were carried out to understand the institutional challenges in communicating early warnings, whereas three flood-prone communities from different-sized cities (Rawalpindi, Sialkot and Muzaffargarh) were surveyed. A total of 210 samples were collected through household questionnaire surveys to assess their understanding of the local warning system. The analysis revealed that almost half of the community respondents did not receive a warning last time when the flood occurred. Variations were also observed regarding the main source of early warning in the three communities. This study identifies institutional challenges, such as lack of (1) resources to keep an EWS equipment operational; (2) community trust; and (3) proper guidelines to communicate warnings. The study calls for an immediate revision of strategies to communicate early warnings to the end-users and to incorporate their feedback in designing/redesigning the early warning mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86088855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Environmental hazard and health risks associated with slaughterhouses in Ibadan, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊巴丹与屠宰场有关的环境危害和健康风险

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2020.1747382

O. T. Dada, B. Odufuwa, A. Badiora, H. Agbabiaka, N. O. Ogunseye, Omoniyi Sunday Samuel

{"title":"Environmental hazard and health risks associated with slaughterhouses in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"O. T. Dada, B. Odufuwa, A. Badiora, H. Agbabiaka, N. O. Ogunseye, Omoniyi Sunday Samuel","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2020.1747382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2020.1747382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Activities in slaughterhouses result in complex multidimensional health risks and environmental pollution due to the high levels of organic waste produced that directly and indirectly can affect the health of residents living in the vicinity through the pollution of surface and underground waters as well as reduced air qualities. This research examined the environmental hazard and health risk associated with slaughterhouses in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data for the research was collected across the four seasons from 570 respondents in neighborhoods located within 300, 600 and 900 meters of the selected slaughterhouses. The research revealed a distance decay effect on the perception of the environmental hazards and health risks associated with the activities in the slaughterhouses. The research further established a statistically significant variation in health risks experienced in the different seasons of the year. The health risks experienced in the dry seasons differ significantly from the rainy seasons. The perceived environmental hazards associated with the activities of the slaughterhouses also varied across the seasons of the year. As a result of these findings it is clear that public education programmes, tighter regulation and strict enforcement should be mounted to mitigate the hazards and risks of poorly managed slaughterhouses.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76972940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Development of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) for the active forest-urban fires management through location planning of mobile fire units 基于机动消防单元位置规划的城市森林火灾管理空间决策支持系统的开发

IF 4 3区社会学

Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2019.1628696

S. Sakellariou, F. Samara, S. Tampekis, A. Sfougaris, O. Christopoulou

{"title":"Development of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) for the active forest-urban fires management through location planning of mobile fire units","authors":"S. Sakellariou, F. Samara, S. Tampekis, A. Sfougaris, O. Christopoulou","doi":"10.1080/17477891.2019.1628696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2019.1628696","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Critical time of response constitutes the foundation for effective and timely forest fires management. It is the milestone for strategic and operational fire planning. Aim of the paper is the development of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) adopting a top-down approach for the immediate containment of forest and urban fires. The objectives lie in the coupling of strategic and operational nature of fire management, so that the proposed model to be used for real-time purposes. The strategic dimension focus on the location-allocation of fire vehicles to establish effective location schemes adjusted to population dynamics (Wildland Urban Interface). Four spatial patterns of optimal locations were developed based on ideal and realistic critical time of response as well as the current and desired capacity of fire agency. The operational dimension supports the strategic planning objectives through a series of additional sub-models for a second phase optimization (activating and leading the nearest fire vehicle(s) to the affected area through the determination of optimal route; and/or the rerouting in case of road closure due to evolving fires). Therefore, the current SDSS handles the forest and urban fires management in a more comprehensive way, creating an effective link between strategic and operational level.","PeriodicalId":47335,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Hazards-Human and Policy Dimensions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86921779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12