Journal of life sciences and biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Morphometric and microbiological features of ventilator associated tracheobronchitis","authors":"Ravshan Aliyevich IBADOV, Gavhar Mahmudkhanovna AZIZOVA, Sardor Khamdamovich IBRAGIMOV","doi":"10.54203/jlsb.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the composition of the microbiota of the tracheobronchial tree in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation can contribute to various disorders of the immune defense of the respiratory tract, damaging mucociliary clearance, and cause a strong inflammatory response, including the formation of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT). The aim was to study the specifics of changes in the microflora and histopathology of the tracheobronchial tree in VAT. Over a 10 year period 975 bacteriological analyzes were carried out in 355 patients who were on extended mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. VAT is accompanied by a pronounced lymphoid-neutrophilic infiltration of the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi, and in a complicated course with the presence of a purulent-inflammatory and erosive-hemorrhagic component leads to a violation of the integrity of tissues due to destruction and necrosis. The leading pathogens were representatives of gram-negative flora of 65.8% (47-76%), gram-positive flora was detected in 17.5% (10-30%) of cases, fungi of the genus Candida in 16.5 (4-42%) cases. Analysis of the antibiograms of isolated cultures in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation shows high resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, namely: acinetobacter spp. - high resistance to all antibiotics, except for imipenem (0% resistant strains), polymyxin (0%) and tetracyclines (7-15.4%). Imipenem (10.5%), polymyxin (10.5%), amikacin (31.5%) and cefoperazone/sulbactam (31.5%) are active against Esherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae was susceptible to imipenem, amikacin, ofloxacin and inhibitor-protected antibiotics-cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam. Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone) and tetracyclines - 36.3% of resistant strains. Microbiological monitoring in patients with VAT over a 10-year period revealed a trend towards the prevalence of gram-negative microflora inoculation, and over the past two years, the range of isolated multi-resistant flora has been expanding.","PeriodicalId":473219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed new method of hemostasis for erosive-hemorrhagic complications of the trachea and bronchi","authors":"Gavhar Mahmudkhanovna AZIZOVA, Sardor Khamdamovich IBRAGIMOV, Anvarbek Shamkhatovich ARIFJANOV, Ravshan Aliyevich IBADOV","doi":"10.54203/jlsb.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilator-associated complications are the most frequent ones that prevent the recovery of intensive care patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic treatment of acute hemorrhagic lesions of the tracheobronchial tree in patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis. A total of 5 patients (22.4±3.3 mean age, 18 to 36 years) with prolonged mechanical ventilation (>48 hours) in the resuscitation and intensive care unit were monitored. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis was established on the basis of clinical signs, radiological and microbiological criteria. Fine-dispersed powder with hemostatic properties (HEMOBEN) was used as a hemostatic agent when applying the method. A morphometric study noted that ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis is accompanied by a pronounced lymphoid-neutrophilic infiltration of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa (signs of diffuse catarrhal inflammation of varying degrees and erosive deforming endobronchitis are verified), and in a complicated course with the presence of a purulent-inflammatory and erosive-hemorrhagic component with its vascularization and metaplastic changes and violations of the integrity of the epithelial lining also leads to a violation of the integrity of tissues due to destruction and necrosis. Hence, a method has been developed to stop bleeding in case of mucosal damage by local application of HEMOBEN, which allows us to quickly cover the bleeding surface with an adequate hemostatic effect.","PeriodicalId":473219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease in Chad","authors":"Mbanga DJIMADOUM, Bessimbaye NADLAOU, Mignagnal KABORO, Djimadjimbaye CHRISTIAN, Hamit Mahamat ALIO, Rimtebaye KIMASSOUM","doi":"10.54203/jlsb.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to contribute to the prevention of anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease (DS) in Chad. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 2021 to June 2022 in sickle cell patients regularly followed in two University Hospital Centers (CHU) in N'Djamena. The search for irregular antibodies was carried out by a combination of three techniques: indirect anti-globulin test (Coombs), enzymatic test (Papain) and the test in a low ionic strength medium, in a partner laboratory of the National Blood Transfusion Center in France. The study included 57 sickle cell patients, 45 of whom (78.9%) were actually transfused. Sickle cell patients accounted for 84.2% of cases. The sex ratio Male/Female (M/F) was 1.03. The average age of the transfused was 9.3 ± 5.4 years. Four of the transfused patients (8.8%) had produced 7 antibodies including 85.7% anti-rhesus and 14.3% anti-Kell. Age, sex and number of blood units were associated with antibody production with probabilities of 0.046, 0.041 and 0.035, respectively. In view of the results obtained from this study, we recommend the application of the blood transfusion rules and procedures in force in Chad.","PeriodicalId":473219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135842888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of currently available laboratory tests compared to PCR test for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mastewal BIRHAN","doi":"10.54203/jlsb.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV-2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal and pandemic viral disease that is of great global public health concern and high transmutation rate and mechanisms. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to find articles published until March 30, 2020. All relevant articles that reported clinical characteristics and laboratory result information of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis. Based on our analysis, however, articles not used RT-PCR and CT as were excluded all of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) were homogeneous (I2=94.58% and p≤0.001) statistical tests showed no publication bias/small study effect. Accordingly, the result of meta-analysis illustrated that RT-PCR increased cases of laboratory confirmation by more than 99% (95% CI: -1.3.0; 4.74) than other laboratory tests. As a result, this finding, is recommended to pilot and scale-up well and accurate laboratory techniques is used in developing countries, and is essential to prevent and control the pandemic diseases with spread in the world. However, it is recommended to further investigate the adverse effects of Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before fully implementing the confirmation.","PeriodicalId":473219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"410 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136046486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of isolated fungi against Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)","authors":"Abera Hailu DEGAGA, Emana Getu DEGAGA","doi":"10.54203/jlsb.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Spodoptera frugiperda, also known as the fall armyworm (FAW), is a polyphagous, destructive, and internationally dispersed insect pest that poses a serious danger to the production of cereals in Africa. Entomopathogens are a safe and environmentally beneficial way to control insect infestations when the all types of insecticides being used to control FAW are linked to a range of serious human health problems from respiratory to cancer. The objective of this study was to identify fungi from local soil that were effective against S. frugiperda larvae. Aluminum foil was used to gather soil samples from various maize growing regions in Ethiopia. Fungi isolated from soil samples and suspended conidia preparation was done in the mycology lab of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. At Melkasa Agricultural Research Center a bioassay test was conducted on S. frugiperda larvae. Three replications and a fully randomized design was used to set up the six treatments for the experiment. Twenty FAW larvae (3rd instar) were put into sterile Petri dishes with a diameter of 9 cm and a filter paper lining. A new, unopened syringe was used to inject 3 ml of the suspended solution into each treatment. As a negative control, distilled and sterilized water was used. FAW larval mortality was measured and examined independently for each treatment using GLM, followed by a Tukey's HSD post-hoc test. The cumulative mortality rate (P = 0.0001) and second-day mortality rate (P = 0.001) showed a significant difference between regimens. These noteworthy variations were seen in third instar larvae. S. frugiperda larvae from isolation fungi F1 and F5 had the highest (96.67%) and lowest (80.0%) mean cumulative death rates. Under negative control, the mean cumulative mortality rate was 8.33%. The outcomes showed that S. frugiperda could potentially be controlled by fungal isolates found in maize fields. Conidial concentration, as well as field evaluation, characterisation, and species identification of isolate fungi, all require more study.","PeriodicalId":473219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136046485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic aspects of dietary fibre and glycemic index: a brief review","authors":"Haseeb AHSAN","doi":"10.54203/jlsb.2023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.2","url":null,"abstract":"Simple sugars, complex polysaccharides, and dietary fibres are all examples of dietary carbohydrates. A healthy diet should consist of more complex and less added carbohydrates. Dietary fibre is a non-digestible carbohydrate that is not digested and absorbed by the body but is required for satiety and bowel motility. Dietary fibre contains cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, and lignin, which are resistant to enzymatic digestion. Various components of dietary fibre include arabinoxylan, inulin, β-glucan, pectin, bran, and resistant starches. Dietary fibre is a carbohydrate that resists digestion and absorption in the large intestine and may or may not be fermented by bacteria. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced in the gut by the breakdown of fibre by intestinal microorganisms and offer energy calories (2 kcal/g). Dietary guidelines recommend increasing the dietary fibre intake since a high fibre intake provides health benefits and prevents dietary and life-style diseases. The aim of the present review article is to understand and suggest better dietary carbohydrates containing high fibre with low glycemic index for the prevention of diabetes, obesity and lifestyle diseases. The different types of carbohydrates in the diet need further recommendation to elucidate its function in health and diseases.","PeriodicalId":473219,"journal":{"name":"Journal of life sciences and biomedicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136046484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}