Science Mundi最新文献

{"title":"Matrices of the Zero Divisor Graphs of Classes of 3-Radical Zero Completely Primary Finite Rings","authors":"Frank Omondi Ndago, M. Oduor, M. Ojiema","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.4.maths.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.4.maths.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study of finite completely primary rings through the zero divisor graphs, the unit groups and their associated matrices, and the automorphism groups have attracted much attention in the recent past. For the Galois ring R′ and the 2-radical zero finite rings, the mentioned algebraic structures are well understood. Studies on the 3-radical zero finite rings have also been done for the unit groups and the zero divisor graphs Γ(R). However, the characterization of the matrices associated with these graphs has not been exhausted. It is well known that proper understanding of the classification of zero divisor graphs with diameter 2 and girth 3 can provide insights into the structure of commutative rings and their zero divisors. In this study, we consider a class of 3-radical zero completely primary finite rings whose diameter and girth are 2 and 3 respectively. We enhance the understanding of the structure of such rings by investigating their Adjacency, Laplacian and Distance matrices.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Generalized Sums of Six, Seven and Nine Cube","authors":"Boaz Simatwo Kimtai, Lao Hussein Mude","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.3.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.3.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Let u1, u2, u3,・・・ un be integers such that un − un−1 = un−1 − un−2 = ・ ・ ・ = a2 − a1 = d. In this article, the study of sums of cube in arithmetic progression is discussed. In particular, the study develops and introduces some generalized results on sums of six, seven and nine cube for any arbitrary integers in arithmetic sequences. The method of study involves analogy grounded on integer decomposition and factorization. The result in this study will prove the existing results on sums of cubes.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":"92 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between Exposure to Domestic Violence and the Academic Performance of Pupils in Kenyan Public Primary Schools","authors":"Peris Waithira Njoroge, Mwaura Kimani, Hilda Nyougo Omae","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.3.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.3.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic violence poses a significant risk to pupils' academic performance, particularly in informal settlements, jeopardizing their chances of attaining their academic potential and becoming useful members of the community. This study investigates the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and academic performance among pupils in public primary schools in informal settlements, Nairobi County, Kenya.. The research, guided by Family Stress Theory, employed a descriptive design and targeted a population of 61,034 pupils. The sample size of 390 participants was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's formula, selected through purposive sampling, focusing on sub-counties with informal settlements, schools enrolling students from these areas, and pupils in classes 4, 5, and 6. Research instruments included an adapted Violence Exposure Scale for Children-Revised to measure domestic violence exposure and a record sheet for academic achievement. A pilot study with 42 pupils was conducted to ensure instrument validity and reliability, yielding a reliable coefficient of α=0.785 for the Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale. Data collection involved selecting participants, distributing questionnaires while ensuring data confidentiality. Data was coded, entered, and cleaned for analysis using IBM SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics, such as percentages and frequencies, analyzed demographic data. Inferential statistics, including Pearson's correlation, were employed to examine the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Findings revealed a statistically significant, albeit weak, negative association between domestic violence exposure and academic performance. Pupils with higher exposure exhibited lower academic performance, highlighting the disruptive impact of domestic violence. The study recommends proactive measures, such as parental sensitization programs, to mitigate domestic violence's impact on academic performance, fostering an environment that supports academic success and overall well-being for pupils.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":"31 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135775446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonal Communication Channels and Alcohol Consumption among Students in Government Tertiary Medical Colleges in Kenya","authors":"John Kamau Maina, Hellen Mberia, Idah Gatwiri Muchunku","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.3.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.3.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study sought to evaluate how interpersonal communication channels influenced the consumption of alcohol among college students. Specifically, the study focused on public tertiary colleges in Kenya. The study was motivated by the increased cases of dropout, ill-health, poor performance, and other related effects of alcohol among college students. This is despite the continued efforts to curb alcohol abuse among students by agencies such as the United Nations Office for Drug and Crime, the National Authority for the Campaign Against Drug Abuse, and the school management, among other agencies. The study was anchored on social cognitive theory. Through a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained using a questionnaire and interview schedule. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed. The findings revealed that alcohol consumption among college students was significantly influenced by interpersonal communication channels (t = 14.381, p<0.05). The study recommended the need for stakeholders, including the government and other agencies, to spearhead campaigns to sensitize the students on the ills of alcohol consumption and uphold measures that reduce the encouragement of alcohol consumption through interpersonal communication channels.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Gender Norms on Education Participation among Secondary School Girls in Homa Bay County","authors":"Andrew Barasa Sifuna, Kenneth Otieno, James Bill Ouda","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.3.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.3.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies in sub-Saharan Africa have looked at the impact of gender norms on the education of girls. Nevertheless, on a national level, limited studies have attempted to directly investigate the girls’ views and their experiences of these norms. Therefore, this study is intended to investigate the influence of gender norms on the education participation of secondary school girls in Homa Bay County (HBC). The study adopted a concurrent transformative research design, majorly quantitative with an embedded qualitative bit. The population of interest comprised all secondary school girls in HBC. Purposive sampling was applied to limit the sample population to the three sub-counties of Rachwonyo South, Rachwonyo East, and Ndhiwa. Solvin’s formula was used to arrive at a sample size of 393. Respondents were selected using a proportionate stratified sampling method. Additionally, one guidance/counselling teacher, one principal, and one area education director from the participating schools were purposefully included in the study to provide complementary qualitative data. Data from female students was collected by means of questionnaires. Interview schedules were used to collect data from the other participants. The validity of the test was established through expert input and the adaptation of tests used in similar studies. Instrument reliability was confirmed by a test-retest test that returned a correlation coefficient of 0.766. The quantitative data was coded and analysed using SPSS version 24.0. Linear regression was run between education participation and gender norms, and the outcome was an equation model. Qualitative data provided evaluative references in the discussion. The relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable was found to be statistically significant (t = 1.295, p <.001). The study found that the gender norms of most secondary school girls in Homa Bay County are disposed to unquestioning submissiveness to men and over-involvement in domestic chores. The study recommends that school authorities use parental gatherings to create awareness that focuses girls’ attention on career development. Interventions to improve girls’ education participation will benefit from these findings. Similar studies are needed to establish the plausibility of generalizing the findings beyond Homa Bay County.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135767001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protracted Conflicts in Africa: Evidence of the Ramifications of Bawku Conflict in Ghana on Access to Health Facilities and Health Service Utilisation","authors":"David Suaka Yaro, Daniel Dramani Kipo-Sunyehzi, Munkaila Abdul - Basit Danjoe","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.3.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.3.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The study mainly analyzes some protracted conflicts in Africa, particularly in Northern Ghana in Bawku in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The theoretical perspective was on protracted social conflict theory with insights from Edward Azar and its implications or ramifications on the internal and external relations of countries. The method used was largely a descriptive survey design, with the main instrument of data collection being a questionnaire, which was administered in the Bawku area in June 2023. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The sample size was 399, and the data was analyzed with basic statistics and presented in tables and charts. The study found that the Bawku conflict significantly affected or impacted both the people's access to healthcare facilities (56.3%) and their access to healthcare service utilization (51.2%). Also, the study found that the most detrimental effects of the conflict were in terms of death (78.7%), injuries (74.5%), and obstructions to people's daily activities or operations (66%). In terms of the most effective or most common conflict resolution mechanisms that have been used in the conflict, they include the use of police and the military, followed by traditional councils and houses of chiefs. The study recommends that there must be concerted efforts by the central government and all stakeholders to address the conflict and find a long-lasting solution to the ethnic conflicts that have engulfed the Bawku traditional area. Also, political parties should limit their interference (meddling or snooping) and allow the traditional leaders in the Upper East Region, together with the National House of Chiefs’ free hand, to mediate and resolve the protracted Bawku conflict in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peace Education in Africa: An Introspective Case from Peace and Conflict Analysts","authors":"David Suaka Yaro, Felix Y.T. Longi","doi":"10.51867/scimundi.3.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.3.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This era in Africa represents a significant political shift, marked by the emergence of two major issues: xenophobia and terrorism, with the most lethal of these periods being the latter one against the backdrop of World War II, when Hitler masterminded a campaign fueled by xenophobia and terrorism, specifically directed at German Jews, which contributed greatly to the outbreak of conflicts. During the Cold War era, which followed World War II, the world witnessed a tensed ideological struggle between the East and the West. Both sides engaged in global actions driven by mutual xenophobia and resorting to terrorist tactics against each other, resulting in catastrophic consequences such as the loss of human lives, financial hardships, and widespread material destruction. Africa endured severe economic damage and rebellion during this tumultuous period. In the early 1990s, the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), driven by Gorbachev's actions, raised hopes for global peace. However, instead of lasting tranquility, as the economic, ideological, and political conflicts between the East and West came to an end, a new chapter emerged, marked by communal, ethnic, and clan disputes. With the previous tensions receding, different communities and groups now found themselves vying for influence and asserting their identities, leading to fresh challenges and complexities on the global stage. Within this vacuum, xenophobia and terrorism found fertile ground in Africa, replacing the earlier damage caused by the rivalry between the East and West. Presently, Africa finds itself at the epicenter of precarious ethnic conflicts, on the brink of devastation and hindering progress towards stability in various areas, such as industry, society, the economy, and education. This article aims to offer a concise and logical understanding of the impact of xenophobia and terrorism on peace in Africa and the international community. It explores potential ways to promote peace in Africa through ongoing peace education with the help of facts and academic discussions. The approach used is qualitative, and the document analysis method was used to obtain and analyze the data.","PeriodicalId":473139,"journal":{"name":"Science Mundi","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135153330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}