Altaistics最新文献

{"title":"Animal style in Siberian and Central Asian Music","authors":"Feyzan Göher Balçin","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-83-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-83-91","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional music, it is possible to talk about stylizations that have persisted for many years and are widespread. The musical styles mentioned are often linked to social traditions and various cults. This work is themed on the «animal style», which we claim is a dominant style in Siberian and Central Asian music. This article is a continuation of the study titled «Animal Style in the Music of Central Asian and Siberian Turks», published in 2020, and the research I submitted as my second doctoral thesis at the Department of History at Ankara University in 2018. This article has been prepared for the purpose of briefly introducing the scope of our animal style claim and the subheadings it includes. The study is a summary of the studies on the folk music of Sakhas-Yakuts, Tuvans, Khakas, Altai, Nenets, Khanty-Mansi in Siberian peoples and Mongols, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Azerbaijanis in Central and Western Asia. The data of this descriptive study have been obtained as a result of field research along with literature review.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"142 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The values of the warhorse suits and the epic tradition","authors":"J. K. Orozobekova","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-75-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-75-82","url":null,"abstract":"In the scientific article “Meanings of war horse colours and epic tradition” the typological similarities of poetic description of heroic epics of Turkic-speaking peoples and Siberia formed in the context of the epic “Manas” are considered. The etymological meanings of war horse colours in the artistic structure of the epic “Manas” are also analysed. The epic “Manas” has brought to our days a whole range of images of horses, starting with fantastic mythological images of horses and ending with realistic ones. Descriptions of the horse’s colours, the peculiarities of its walking and running, its ability to understand not only the master’s orders but also its state of mind occupy a large place in the narrative. Each horse is endowed with a nickname, each is characterised by some qualities peculiar only to it. It is known that different time layers are present in the epic, and from this it is possible to reveal the images of the Tulpar in their stadial evolution, which makes it possible to consider their essence in hyperpolarity. In the epic “Manas” there are more than 150 names of war horses of different colours. The totality of artistic images of war horses depicted in the context of “myth and reality” as endowing them with wings, human speech, and the ability to transform through transformation into werewolves is a real cultural treasure of the epics and a subject of scientific interest of hundreds of researchers. In the process of evolution each national epic preserving the given properties of the archetype, at the same time transformed into the poetic image of horses some specific properties, developing and glorifying some special qualities inherent only to the given epic.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"131 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatisms in the geographical vocabulary of the Yakut and Khakass languages","authors":"I. N. Sorova, K. K. Neustroev","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, a person names objects of the environment, correlating them, first, with parts of his body. The study of somatisms is of great interest, since the nomination, process is particularly evident in them, the connection between the object and the person giving the name is clearly manifested: the transparency of the internal form allows us to establish the cause of their origin and identify some patterns of nomination. A comprehensive analysis of somatisms in the geographical vocabulary of the Yakut and Khakass languages, their systematization and description, in our opinion, will allow us to better understand how native speakers comprehend the surrounding reality through the medium of the human body. The need to study somatisms denoting elements of geographical objects is determined by the fact that they can provide valuable material on the lexico-semantic and structural development of lexical units of the Yakut and Khakass languages. The purpose of the work is to study the features of the functioning of somatisms in the field of geographical vocabulary of the Yakut and Khakass languages. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to consider the history of the study of somatic vocabulary in Turkic linguistics; to identify somatisms in geographical terms of the Yakut and Khakass languages by continuous sampling from lexicographic sources; classification of identified geographical terms by parts of the human body; lexico-semantic classification of identified somatisms by natural objects. To perform these tasks, such research methods as descriptive, comparative and statistical methods were used. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the study of somatisms in geographical names in the Yakut and Khakass languages in a comparative aspect. The theoretical and practical significance is determined by the possibility of using materials and research results in the study of lexical groups in the Turkic languages (and languages of other families), as well as in the development of lecture courses, conducting seminars on vocabulary.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"130 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal representation of the emotional world of heroes: based on the material of the Khakass heroic legend «Албынҷы»","authors":"M. Chertykova, A. Kaksin","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"The language of the heroic tale is a complex system that encodes information about the national, ideological, cultural foundations of an ethnic group, and is significantly different from the literary and colloquial styles of the modern language. Despite the fact that the texts of heroic tales have always aroused the scientific interest of researchers, their linguistic categories have not yet received sufficient study. The purpose of our article is to identify and describe the linguistic (in particular, verbal) expression of the emotional world of heroes. The material for the functional-semantic analysis was the verbal vocabulary with the meaning of emotion, collected by continuous sampling from the text of the Khakass heroic legend «Албынҷы». According to our information, this folklore monument contains 19 verbs, 3 phraseological units and 1 clichéd expression representing the emotional world of epic characters. The small number of representatives of the emotional world of heroes is compensated by their ambiguity and, accordingly, their ability to cover all the necessary aspects of emotional activity. The work used descriptive (descriptiveanalytical) and functional-semantic research methods. The relevance of our research is due to the insufficient knowledge of the language of Khakass heroic tales, in particular, the verbal sphere from the perspective of the anthropocentric paradigm, as well as the small number of special works on this topic based on the material of other Turkic folklore texts. The novelty of the research is that for the first time, not only in Khakass, but also in other Turkic languages, verbs expressing the emotional experiences of heroes are considered as an irreplaceable and important fragment of the folk-linguistic picture of the world. During the analysis of linguistic material, it was revealed that epic heroes can experience the following emotions: anger, surprise, excitement, fear, compassion, shame, love (more precisely, dislike), suffering, grief, which are expressed by stylistically neutral, frequency verbs. And also the verbal vocabulary with the meaning of crying and laughter stands somewhat apart from them, since its content equally contains emotions and the physiological reaction of the subject to the corresponding emotional stimuli. Clichéd expressions and phraseological units also add shades of color and originality to the process of emotional activity. Linguistic folkloristics, as a new direction in Khakassian studies, is at the initial stage of its development. The language of Khakass heroic tales has many unstudied, unsolved, and therefore interesting conceptual fields in the lexical-semantic, functional-semantic, semantic-cognitive, linguocultural aspects. We believe that this topic has good linguistic potential and prospects for future research.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic representations of the concept «fire» in the linguoculture of the Evenks","authors":"N. Y. Ushnitskaya","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-47-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-47-58","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study is the semantics of linguistic units involved in the representation of the concept «fire» in the linguoculture of the Evenks. The aim is to describe the concept. Linguocultural and semantic-cognitive approaches to the research of thinking units are applied in the study. The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the insufficient study of the fragments of the Evenk linguistic picture of the world. Representations about fire exist in the consciousness of many peoples of the world. According to the scientists, they belong to cultural universals. Fire is one of the four natural elements, primary elements. Therefore, there is a cult of fire in the Evenki tradition, as well as in many other ethnic groups. The formation of the concept in the consciousness of the Evenks was influenced by the landscape, historically connected with the territory of their residence, traditional type of economy (hunting), animistic views of nature. The lexicographic material is used to identify linguistic units verbalizing the concept, their semantic analysis is performed, then folklore, art texts, field audio recordings are studied. After that, the linguocultural analysis of these texts is carried out. The texts were recorded from informants living in Kyust-Kemda village, Kalarsky District, Zabaikalsky Krai; Ust-Nyukzha village, Tynda District, Amur Region; Alla village, Kurumkansky District, Republic of Buryatia; Tyanya village, Olyokminsky District, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The analysis of the field audio recordings made it possible to identify the value component of mental education and showed that the cult of fire and the perception of fire as a deity are preserved in the consciousness of modern Evenks. This is observed among the groups of Evenks leading traditional hunting and nomadic way of life. Studying folklore, art and poetic texts has allowed identifying the figurative side of the concept. The mental formation under consideration is basic in the consciousness of Evenks and related peoples. The key representative of the concept is the lexeme ‘togo’, used in all the colloquialisms of the Evenki language and Tungus-Manchurian languages, which indicates the archaic nature of this fragment of the linguistic picture of the Evenki world. In addition to the mentioned lexeme, other words are also used in the actualization of mental formation: guluvun, dyaӈe, yandra, otu.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"121 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary nature of scientific maxims of Kazakh linguists (early twentieth century)","authors":"B. Sagyndykuly, A. А. Adamova","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-5-15","url":null,"abstract":"Linguistics is one of the social sciences and studies the various characteristics and functions of language. Various features of the internal system of language are also studied in relation to linguistics. At the same time, linguistic knowledge develops and changes under the influence of external social phenomena. The authors of the article are convinced of this property of language by applying natural science teachings to the object. This can be argued as a conflictological aspect of linguistics. This means that the conflictological aspect can prove the relevance of the article. The purpose of the article is to differentiate the scientific conclusions of the first Kazakh linguists of a linguobiological nature. This goal requires the solution of at least two tasks: 1) introduces the first Kazakh linguists to the common Eurasian scientific environment and disseminates their scientific and pedagogical works; 2) obliges to solve general interscientific relations through the relations of man and language, language and biology, language and speech, language and thinking. The first scientific works of the first Kazakh scientists are considered as the methodology of the article. In particular, the scientific principles of A. Baitursynuly, K. Zhubanuly, S. Amanzholuly were in the spotlight. Given specific examples and facts related to Turkic languages (Kazakh, Chuvash, Yakut) were given. In addition, materials from the dictionary of the Kazakh literary language and information from Wikipedia provided a lot of methodological information. The article is based on the methods of historical comparison, scientific analysis, analysis and collection. The main results of the article are reflected in the connection between linguistics and natural science. Likewise, the problems of paleontology and pathopsycholinguistics, presented in a small volume, make researchers think and lead to the study of general scientific research in this direction.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"32 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139455520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive researches of the Lexical and Grammatical potential of the Tatar language for the Development of New Intelligent Systems","authors":"D. S. Suleymanov, R. Gilmullin, N. A. Prokopyev, M. R. Galimov","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-92-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-92-100","url":null,"abstract":"In this article researches the cognitive properties of lexico-grammatical structures that corresponding the technological indicators of the Tatar language, provides a classification of lexicogrammatical structures in accordance with the cognitive mechanisms of knowledge representation and processing. Such studies are especially relevant in the space of agglutinative languages, which include the Tatar language, which are characterized by a fairly complex and, at the same time, almost regular morphology, which allows encoding in one word form almost the entire subject-predicative situation described in inflectional-analytic languages such as English , many offers. One of the main results of the research will be the implementation of tools that make it possible to describe and formalize lexical and grammatical structures based on semiotic universals. Formal models of cognitive lexico-grammatical structures of the Tatar language developed using this toolkit can serve as the basis for creating effective intelligent systems and technologies based on a fundamentally new architecture of information processing systems.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"92 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean language attitude in the Altai language system","authors":"N. A. Nikolaeva, Moon Young Song","doi":"10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-662-2023-4-59-66","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is determined by the growing interest of the scientific community in constructing typologies of linguistic features of the Korean language in its relation to the Altai language system. A review of research shows that to date, discussions regarding the place of the Korean language in the Altai language system continue, since there are no uniform criteria by which to describe the relationship of these two languages. The purpose of the article is to systematize the features that allow us to determine the place of the Korean language in the Altai language system. Objectives: provide an overview of studies of the Altai language system; consider arguments about the relationship between the Korean and Altai languages; consider criticism of the theory of kinship between the Korean and Altaic languages. Research methods: systematization, generalization, description, comparison, critical analysis. It has been established that even if we completely deny the family connection between the theory of the Altaic language family and the Korean language, it is still possible to establish a friendly connection between them, which can be taken as a research hypothesis. This is made possible by the fact that the common elements that have been clearly outlined so far exist, albeit in meager quantities. If these elements were not borrowed, it would be difficult to conclude that this is a coincidence. However, it does not seem convincing that the scant data is sufficient to prove the kinship of Koreans and Altai. In this situation, just as it is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion that the Korean language has a related relationship with the Altai language or the Altai language family, it is also impossible to conclude that there are no such relationships at all. It is true that the origins of the Korean language are still unclear. Since the existing theory of the Altaic language family and the theory of kinship with Korean were accepted almost without criticism, the counter-arguments against them can be equally strong. However, there are significant differences between these views. Some say this completely refutes conventional wisdom, while others say it is a hypothesis that has not yet been proven. The prospects for the study are seen in the systematization of linguistic typological features of the Korean language in its relation to the Altai language system.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"117 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern linguistic resources and IT applications for the Tatar language: Regional practices","authors":"D. Sh. Suleymanov, R. A. Gilmullin, A. R Gatiatullin","doi":"10.25587/2782-6627-2023-3-60-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-6627-2023-3-60-69","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of preserving the language of an ethnic group as a language of communication, as well as a carrier of cultural codes, has now acquired particular urgency and relevance. How to preserve and develop a language in the conditions of globalization and widespread digitalization, in the conditions of coming, and in many ways already real, information chaos and in conditions when in the near future most of the known languages are threatened with complete extinction. Obviously, one of the reliable and promising solutions is embedding a language in the digital space as a language of accumulation, processing and transmission of information; a language of communication in the global Internet network. Currently, in the Republic of Tatarstan, a set of organizational and policy measures has been almost completely implemented and the necessary information and technological base has been created to ensure full functioning of the Tatar language in computer technologies, including business and management spheres, publishing, educational activities, linguistic research and development. Another effective and very promising activity is the research and use of the language as a cognitive-conceptual tool that can enrich the mental and spiritual space of civilization as a linguistic-semiotic resource that has the necessary potential for creating new knowledge processing technologies and an intelligent interface. This paper presents the experience of research and practical activities of the Institute of Applied Semiotics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan in one of the important areas of artificial intelligence called “Natural Language Processing”. Research and development are carried out in three theoretical and applied areas: 1) Tatar national localization of infocommunication technologies, 2) Development of software tools, systems and technologies for natural language processing and creation of linguistic resources, 3) Creation of new intelligent information processing technologies based on the research the cognitive potential of the Tatar language.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons in the Yakut epic: the case of olonkho of the northeastern tradition","authors":"O. K. Pavlova, S. D. Dzhanyzakov","doi":"10.25587/2782-6627-2023-3-32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-6627-2023-3-32-42","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers comparison in the Yakut epic. The purpose of the article is to study poetic means in the epic texts of the Yakuts, in particular, a comparison in the northeastern tradition of the olonkho of the Yakuts. In the poetics of the northeastern tradition of olonkho, a thematic classification of comparisons is revealed. The basis of the classification will be the object of comparison, which in the mental activity of the listener of the olonkho was directed to the knowledge of the new “unfamiliar”. According to the thematic principle, the comparisons are divided into four groups: objects describing actions, nature, somatisms, dwellings and household items, and animals. The most common group are comparison objects that describe nature. We also divided the classification of comparisons according to two criteria: by composition and by structure. Structurally, the comparisons should be divided into simple and complex. Compound comparisons are differentiated as stepped and multiple comparisons. Stepped comparisons consist of a series of simple comparisons, each of which has its own object and image. Multiple comparisons with two or three components of repeated comparisons consist of one object and several images. The most numerous part is represented by these objects of comparison. In each multiple comparison, objects are usually expressed by homogeneous, semantically close predicates denoting the actions of the character. Complex comparisons, consistently revealing the course of actions, complement a certain image.","PeriodicalId":472829,"journal":{"name":"Altaistics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}