International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Unsaturated soil mechanics with probability and statistics","authors":"E. Leong","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2069375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2069375","url":null,"abstract":"The book, Unsaturated Soil Mechanics with Probability and Statistics, is a crisp distillation of Prof. Kitamura’s lifelong research on unsaturated soils. Co-authored with his former doctoral student, Kazunari Sako, they managed to condense more than 40 years of research work into a book of about 170 pages. The book is divided into 11 chapters. A brief background on the development of classical and unsaturated soil mechanics, and a summary of the book are given in the introduction. The authors pointed out that the approach adopted in the book is an extension of the approaches of Mogami (1965, 1967) and Murayama (1964, 1990). More specifically, probability theory was used to deal with the change in particulate soil structure of coarse-grained soil instead of the usual continuum mechanics. Having set the book in perspective, a review of probability theory and statistics is provided in Chapter 2. This is a very useful chapter as the relevant probability theory and statistics are introduced to ease the reader into the mathematics that are found throughout the rest of the book. Chapter 3 gives a brief account of the macroscopic physical quantities of soils and then starts to build microscopic models using probability distribution to give the particulate soil structure and pore structure in soil. Chapter 4 then looks at how the microscopic physical quantities of number of particles per unit volume, characteristic length, number of contact points per unit volume and unit area, and demonstrates how these microscopic quantities are calculated for simple cubic packing of spheres. The forces and stresses at the contact point between soil particles are described in Chapter 5. Seepage and capillary rise are also described in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 introduces the concept of elementary particulate model (EPM) to model the pore water retention. The explanation of the ink-bottle model schematically and mathematically provides an interesting alternate view of hysteresis in the soil-water retention curve. Chapter 7 derives the unsaturated and saturated coefficients of permeability using the EPM and pore size distribution. Chapter 8 provides some guidance for obtaining friction angle, shear stress on the potential slip plane, apparent cohesion due to suction and a self-weight retaining height using the concepts presented in the earlier chapters. This is then followed by some brief description of their applications to bearing capacity, earth pressure and slope stability. Chapter 9 looks at the deformation behaviour from the microscopic model’s view. This chapter proves challenging to read as it suggests that during deformation the angles at the contact points may change, appear, and disappear. This is then extended to the potential slip plane to estimate the change in contact angle with the change in stress state during deformation using probability theory (Markov process). Chapter 10 illustrates how soil-water characteristic curves, self-weight retaining height and per","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"786 - 786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49485416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of snakeskin-inspired patterns on the shear response of soil - continuum interfaces","authors":"V. L. Gayathri, P. Vangla, Anilkumar Riya","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2066049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2066049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The interface shear responses of soils and 3D printed continuum surfaces with patterns inspired by three distinctive snake-scale morphologies are studied. Interface shear tests are conducted under low normal stresses in cranial (where soil shears against the scales) and caudal (where soil shears along with the scales) directions. The experiments show that the snakeskin-inspired surfaces with different heights and shapes of the scales exhibit different shear responses and mobilize frictional anisotropy (difference in peak interface friction angles) in the range of 3–9 degrees. In the cranial direction, all the snakeskin-inspired patterns mobilize the peak internal friction angle of the neighbouring soil at the interface after a critical normalized roughness of the surfaces. Further, the snakeskin-inspired patterns exhibit significant strain-softening behaviour in comparison to an unpatterned surface. Rounded soil particles exhibit a lower frictional resistance and stick-slip phenomenon in the post-peak interface shear response, unlike angular soil particles.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"759 - 775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41422201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computation of pull-out resistance of pressure-grouted soil nails in sand using cavity expansion and contraction solutions","authors":"Alpha Lukose, S. Thiyyakkandi","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2062154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2062154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Pressure-grouted soil nailing has been extensively used as a soil stabilization technique in transportation infrastructure projects, wherein resistance against pull-out failure is offered by shear resistance mobilized along the nail–soil interface. However, the different stages of soil nail installation significantly alter the soil properties and residual normal stress at the grout-soil interface and thereby the maximum pull-out shear stress. This article presents a computational procedure to predict the maximum pull-out shear stress of pressure-grouted soil nails in sand, incorporating the variation in soil properties and stresses throughout the installation processes and loading. The procedure is formulated within the framework of cavity expansion-contraction solutions as the entire installation and testing phases resemble either expansion or contraction of a cylindrical cavity. The proposed approach was validated using grouting and pull-out test data of soil nails in sand. The influence of various parameters on pull-out shear stress has also been examined.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1068 - 1082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49142069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of compressibility and shear strength behaviour of in-situ cohesive soil from reconstituted clay","authors":"Kausar Alam, Naveel Islam, Zoynul Abedin, M. Islam, R. Dey, A. Valsangkar","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2049048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2049048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present study, simplified sample preparation and testing methodology are proposed for reconstituted clay that can predict the strength and deformation behavior of its in-situ state with minimal sample preparation disturbances. Reconstituted clay specimen was prepared in designed mould for each disturbed sample. Later, predetermined proportions of admixtures were mixed to vary the liquid limits. The test results showed that the change in compression index is directly proportional to the change in the liquid limit, moisture content, and the initial void ratio of the soil samples. However, the change in angle of internal friction was inversely proportional to the liquid limit, plasticity index, and clay fraction percentage. Scanning electron microscopy tests provided in-depth insight on the comparable pore and clay flake sizes. The proposed empirical relationships from the test results could reasonably estimate the compressibility and shear strength behavior of the in-situ clay soil from the basic index properties.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"655 - 669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of glass fiber reinforced fine-grained soil with emphasis on microstructural analysis","authors":"Nadeem Gul, B. Mir","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2049524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2049524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A comprehensive experimental programme was undertaken to study the parametric effect on mechanical behaviour of fine-grained soils by inclusion of glass fibres. The behaviour of both unreinforced and reinforced soil specimens under uni-axial compression was systematically investigated corresponding to fibre length, fibre content, soil density, moisture content and loading rate. The unconfined compression strength test (UCS) results confirmed the reliance of UCS improvement index ( ) on the selected parameters. For 18 mm fibre length and 0.9% fibre content, UCS improvement index of 71.68% was observed. The interface morphologies were studied by analysing the failure patterns and microstructural mechanisms through scanning electron microscopy. Artificial neural network (ANN) was used to develop an estimation model of the relationship between soil strength and different reinforcement parameters. This study is expected to help in better understanding of mechanical behaviour of FRS and its subsequent application in the field.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"716 - 728"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49263412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing capacity of under-reamed piles in clay using lower bound finite element limit analysis","authors":"M. Majumder, Debarghya Chakraborty","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2044102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2044102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, bearing capacity of under-reamed piles in non-homogeneous clay is estimated numerically. A detailed parametric study is carried out for different length to shaft diameter ratio (Lu /D), bulb position (hb /Du ), under-ream angle (β) and constant m indicating the increase of undrained cohesion, number of bulbs (nb ), bulb spacing (s) and pile–soil adhesion factor (αs ). The bearing capacity of the under-reamed pile is presented through design charts and expressed by a dimensionless factor Ncu. Ncu increases significantly with increases in nb, Lu /D and m and moderately with increases in β and αs . For m > 0, Ncu decreases moderately with the increase in hb /Du . For two bulbs, m > 0, the optimum bulb spacing is found at 1.25–1.75Du . For one bulb, Ncu increases in the range of 67.52–162.84% than the pile without bulb. For two bulbs, Ncu increases in the range of 129.41–250.40% than the pile without bulb.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1104 - 1115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis of embankment dams with defective internal geomembrane liners","authors":"Sarper Demirdogen, M. Gunaratne","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2021.2014676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2021.2014676","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Internal geomembranes are alternatives to traditional clay cores and upstream geomembranes. In this research, numerical analysis is performed to assess the impact of leakage through 2-D geomembrane defects such as slits, tears and faulty stitches. Five possible applications of internal geomembranes and an upstream geomembrane were modelled to compare their performance with that of clayey cores. The results show that use of upstream or internal geomembranes significantly decreases the pore pressure developed at the downstream slope thus improving its stability. The effects of leakage through both internal and upstream geomembranes on the stability of embankment slopes under steady state and drawdown at a rate, conditions were analysed. Stability of the downstream slope reduces significantly due to defective geomembranes depending on the defective seam locations. Drawdown simulations show that internal geomembranes can cause instability in steep upstream slopes of dams.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1165 - 1175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44470774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of seepage failure by heave in homogeneous cohesionless soils using finite element method","authors":"S. Koltuk, T. Fernández-Steeger","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2042965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2042965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Commonly, the base stability of sheeted excavation pits against seepage failure by heave is evaluated by using Terzaghi’s failure plane, which is based on the results of the two-dimensional model tests. However, seepage flows in excavation pits are three-dimensional, and stress levels are relatively high compared to those existing in the model tests. In this study, hydraulically-mechanically coupled, axisymmetric finite element (FE) analyses are performed to investigate the seepage failure by heave in circular-shaped sheeted excavation pits constructed in homogeneous cohesionless soils. The results of FE analyses are compared with those obtained from the well-known failure approach of Terzaghi. The FE analyses show relatively different failure zones compared to Terzaghi’s failure plane. However, the difference between the critical potential differences obtained from the FE analyses ΔH failure(FEM) and Terzaghi’s approach ΔH failure(Terzaghi) is negligible. The maximum and minimum ratios of ΔH failure(FEM)/ΔH failure(Terzaghi) are 1.07 and 0.96, respectively.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1201 - 1210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into small-strain shear modulus of sand–gravel mixtures in different moisture conditions and its correlation with static stiffness modulus","authors":"Nahid Allahyari, M. Maleki","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2033482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2033482","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of gravel content, relative density and confining pressure on small-strain shear modulus of sand-gravel mixtures under different moisture conditions were experimentally investigated. The specimens were prepared considering three compaction states, different gravel contents and different moisture contents and tested using the bender element device at three levels of confining pressure. The specimens were then sheared in order to derive triaxial stress-strain curves. The results showed that the maximum shear modulus of mixtures increased with increasing the moisture content, while an increasing-decreasing trend was observed for the pure sand. The maximum shear modulus (Gmax) is more influenced by relative density and confining pressure than moisture content. Then the correlation between Gmax and secant stiffness modulus corresponding to 50% of maximum deviatoric stress (E50), was investigated. The results indicated that the increase in E50 leads to a decreasing trend in Gmax/E50 for different moisture contents and compaction states.","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"962 - 973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47684953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsaturated behaviour of gypseous sand soils using a modified triaxial test apparatus","authors":"Mustafa M. Abdalhusein, A. Akhtarpour, Mohammed Mahmood","doi":"10.1080/19386362.2022.2033483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2022.2033483","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents laboratory experiments on the effect of matric suction on the compressibility of unsaturated gypsum sand soil. The samples were obtained from Al-Najaf city in Iraq with gypsum contents of 14%, 22%, and 29%. Two series of laboratory tests were conducted. The first one is loading-path likes when a building is constructed on these soils in a specific degree of saturation (specific matric suction). Four matric suctions were adopted; 100, 60, 30, and zero percentages of initial matric suction under two confining stresses; 100 kPa and 200 kPa. Also, two saturated tests (CD) were performed under the aforementioned confining stresses. The second method is wetting-path, likes when a structure has been constructed and the degree of saturation of a foundation soil increases (decreasing in matric suction). The results from both paths revealed that the volumetric strains were increased by decreasing the matric suction and increasing the gypsum content..","PeriodicalId":47238,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"743 - 758"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59987318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}