South African Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"The dynamics of Appraisal II: a meta-analysis of the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being","authors":"T. Pretorius, A. Padmanabhanunni, S. Isaacs","doi":"10.1177/00812463221140245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221140245","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying the factors that contribute to differential vulnerability in the face of adversity is key to psychology fulfilling its mandate as a helping profession. One such factor, fortitude, which is described as the psychological strength to manage adversity and to stay well, has consistently been linked to psychological well-being. The objective of the research was to statistically integrate studies examining the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being by using a meta-analysis. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis. In addition to the overall effect size, we examined publication bias and the moderating role of age and methodological quality. We also performed a subgroup analysis to compare between studies with positive and negative indicators of psychological well-being. In addition, we used robust variance estimation to account for effect-size dependencies, as some studies have reported more than one correlation coefficient. A total of 13 studies reporting 35 correlation coefficients pertaining to the relationship between fortitude and the indices of psychological well-being were extracted. The meta-analysis revealed a significant overall effect (r = .44, p < .001). The results also indicated that age and methodological quality did not influence the effect size. Subgroup analysis indicated that the overall effect size for studies that used positive indicators (r = .49, p < .001) was higher than that for studies that used negative indicators (r = .36, p < .001). In addition, no visual or statistical evidence of publication bias was observed. The robust variance estimation results also confirmed that the effect-size dependencies did not influence the overall effect size. The study results provide strong evidence regarding the association between fortitude and psychological well-being. This finding has several implications for promoting mental health and suggests that interventions aimed at building fortitude can be leveraged to mitigate psychological distress.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49174742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social anxiety and internet addiction among adolescent students in a sub-Saharan African country: does family functioning make a difference?","authors":"J. I. Nwufo, O. Ike, M. Nwoke, John E. Eze, J. C. Chukwuorji, Gabriel Chineye Kanu","doi":"10.1177/00812463221140224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221140224","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence has shown that social anxiety significantly influences internet addiction among adolescent students. However, the boundary conditions that strengthen or weaken this association with internet addiction have not been fully understood, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design to investigate the direct effect of social anxiety on internet addiction among adolescent students and the moderating role of family functioning in such relationships. A sample of (N = 1800) students (age range 11–17 years; M = 15.30 years; SD = 1.99) from 10 secondary schools in Southeast Nigeria participated in this study. The participants completed the self-report measures of the Social Phobia Inventory, Family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve) Index, and Internet Addiction Test. Pearson correlation was used to determine the bivariate relationship among the study variables, while Hayes regression-based PROCESS macro was used for moderation analysis. Findings revealed that social anxiety was positively associated with internet addiction. Family functioning was negatively associated with internet addiction. Family functioning did not moderate the relationship between social anxiety and internet addiction. We concluded that reducing social anxiety and bolstering family functioning may be an effective strategy to lessen the vulnerability of adolescents to internet addiction.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of dementia and dementia care in a cross-sectional sample of individuals living in rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"X. P. Mfene, B. Pillay","doi":"10.1177/00812463221139651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221139651","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of dementia is considered one of the facilitators of dementia risk reduction because it has been linked to early detection, diagnosis, and help-seeking in people with dementia. This study explored knowledge of dementia symptoms, causes, and care in a community sample of individuals living in rural and urban areas in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A cross-sectional household study of 300 participants, ⩾ 18 years old, using semi-structured individual interviews was conducted. Of the 300 participants, 94% recognised the presence of the cognitive decline symptoms, and 12.4% identified the symptoms as dementia. Participants emphasised biological and medical risk factors over socio-cultural factors. Although the participants primarily adopted a biomedical understanding of dementia, with a small number acknowledging a traditional understanding, they preferred a multi-disciplinary approach to care. Participants advocated for a multidisciplinary care approach that included medical, family, social work, mental health services, and spiritual and traditional care for people with dementia and their families. Therefore, policy and care services for African people with dementia and their families need to holistically integrate multiple care approaches. This will maximise the benefit of public health interventions while also building capacity in our understaffed and burdened healthcare systems.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating parenting factors, traumatic brain injury and callous and unemotional traits among high school students in a South African setting","authors":"Aimee Tredoux, Nathan Phillander, Huw Williams, C. Ward, Leigh Schrieff-Brown","doi":"10.1177/00812463221135256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221135256","url":null,"abstract":"Aggressogenic parenting styles are associated with increased rates of callous and unemotional traits, and in turn, with antisocial behaviours. Traumatic brain injury is also associated with antisocial behaviour, but not callous and unemotional traits specifically. No study has previously investigated these three variables, aggressogenic parenting, traumatic brain injury, and callous and unemotional traits, in a single study. The study setting was Cape Town, South Africa. The sample included high school boys (N = 54), aged 13–21 years in an observational, descriptive study. We hypothesised that boys who reported that they had sustained a traumatic brain injury and who had been exposed to aggressogenic parenting would display increased levels of callous and unemotional traits, and that those with traumatic brain injury but had experienced positive parenting would display lower levels of such traits. The main measures included the Comprehensive Health Assessment Tool, the Inventory of Callous/Unemotional traits, and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Results show that almost 41% (22/54) of participants reported sustaining a traumatic brain injury. Aggressogenic parenting significantly moderated callous and unemotional traits only in participants with traumatic brain injury, F(1.46) = 4.76, p = .03, while positive parenting and substance use did not. In conclusion, traumatic brain injury in the presence of aggressogenic parenting is associated with greater callous and unemotional traits in this sample of adolescent boys.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47748856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, psychological well-being, and substance use in Pakistani university students","authors":"Rabia Hanif, W. Kliewer, R. Riaz","doi":"10.1177/00812463221136958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221136958","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse childhood experiences are associated with risky health behaviors and adverse health outcomes worldwide, including substance use; yet, relatively fewer studies have examined linkages between adverse childhood experiences and health behaviors and outcomes in low- and middle-income countries, including countries in sub-Saharan Africa and large portions of Asia. Furthermore, fewer studies of adverse childhood experiences have examined the pathways or processes connecting adverse childhood experiences to health behaviors and outcomes. This study addressed these gaps by investigating three competing models of associations between adverse childhood experiences, psychological well-being, and substance use in 595 Pakistani University students (40.5% female; Meanage = 21.96, Standard deviation = 2.37) using path analysis. Controlling for the effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status, adverse childhood experiences were associated with both diminished psychological well-being and higher levels of substance use. However, psychological well-being and substance use were unrelated and neither accounted for indirect effects of adverse childhood experiences on adjustment. Suggestions for furthering research on adverse childhood experiences, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48916269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racism, climate activism, and the politics of apology: the image exclusion of Black youth activists","authors":"B. Barnes","doi":"10.1177/00812463221131213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221131213","url":null,"abstract":"Global heating is associated with historical and contemporary climate racism. Apologies for (climate) racism have the potential to facilitate meaningful discussions about a way forward. However, apologies are complex and can reveal assumptions about privilege. There has been very little work on understanding apologies concerning climate racism. I focus on the apologies received by three Black women activists who (separately) had their images excluded from reporting about their climate activism. The activists alleged that the acts were racist at the individual and systemic levels. I analysed the apologies, online responses, and actions to repair the damage using thematic analysis. I argue that the apologies were not meaningful. Apologies also reveal how privilege operates, including controlling the narrative, drawing on unconscious racism, silence, and ignoring victim reparations. I discuss the importance of apology expectations for climate change from countries in the global North towards the global South. I also discuss the implications for future psychological studies on climate racism.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41362072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualising eco-anxiety using an existential framework","authors":"Joseph TC Rehling","doi":"10.1177/00812463221130898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221130898","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the nature of distress caused by confrontations with climate change as a generalised or global phenomenon (distress often labelled ‘eco-anxiety’). However, existing literature has suggested that existential concerns might be central to the experience. This article explores and conceptualises the experience of eco-anxiety through semi-structured interviews with 15 self-selecting adults. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, which utilised an existential framework – consisting of the concerns of death, meaning, isolation, and freedom/responsibility – in a theory-driven analysis of interview transcripts. Participants’ experiences were conceptualised by four themes derived from the existential framework and six subthemes. Climate change was equated with death or loss and associated with guilt, anger, isolation, powerlessness, and chronic uncertainty about what to do as well with challenges to meaning in life. The study indicates that distress about climate change is a diverse and distressing phenomenon that can be appropriately conceptualised through an existential lens. Implications of this are discussed for climate and clinical psychology.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43276350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-anxiety and its divergent power holds: a youth climate activist’s perspective","authors":"Jennifer Olachi Uchendu","doi":"10.1177/00812463221130586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221130586","url":null,"abstract":"I am a climate activist living and working in Nigeria. I have always had an interest in environmental protection, I remember feeling very hurt as a child when a Mango tree was unnecessarily cut down in our compound. Years later, I have become a youth organizer working with hundreds of young Nigerians on community-led, climate action through advocacy and activism. Eco-anxiety can be broadly referred to a range of emotions a person can feel because of direct or indirect impacts of ecological breakdown, climate change, and biodiversity loss. As a Black, youth climate activist, my experience of eco-anxiety has mostly been filled with anger, frustration, and powerlessness. In this commentary, I briefly explore the role of power (and the lack of it thereof) in understanding eco-anxiety, drawing from a subjective experience and research conducted in 2020 with some youth climate activists living in the United Kingdom (Uchendu, 2020). A helpful framework that has supported my understanding of how power relates to eco-anxiety is Bronfenbrenner’s social-ecological theory, the framework helps to situate the complex system of relationships between young people and their surrounding contextual environment. These relationships could either span from the young person’s immediate family and peer networks to or even broader cultural and societal backdrops (Bronfenbrenner, 1979; Kilanowski, 2017). Starting with the personal space of self-identity and other external relationships, I have shared my thoughts on some emerging power links worth considering. The terms eco-anxiety and climate anxiety are used interchangeably in this article.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47053428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chasing the ghosts: stories of people left behind on the frontline of climate and ecological crisis","authors":"Ayushi Rai","doi":"10.1177/00812463221130902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221130902","url":null,"abstract":"Human-induced global climate change is associated with population migration as places become uninhabitable. Uttarakhand is one of India’s most ecologically fragile and climatically vulnerable states. There are massive disparities between the hill and the plain districts as the development initiatives remain concentrated in the plain districts. The inadequacy of the state government, coupled with environmental changes, has made the life of the hill communities challenging. Many people have migrated from the hills resulting in depopulated or ghost villages. Based on interviews with 75 people, the article attempts to shed light on changes that occur when the inhabitants of a place leave. Loss of a place and its community life can have severe implications on the well-being of the people. Respondents showed a range of emotions, including the longing for their homes before the onset of environmental changes. With more intense and frequent climatic events, it has become essential to understand such social and cultural costs of migration.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48693134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychology and the climate emergency","authors":"Garret Barnwell, B. Barnes, Lynn Hendricks","doi":"10.1177/00812463221130900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221130900","url":null,"abstract":"The climate emergency is rapidly intensifying, and urgent action to safeguard the future of life on earth is imperative (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2021). Nowhere will be unaffected by the dramatic impacts of climate change, such as climate change–exacerbated disas-ters, economic devastation, and social upheaval (IPCC, 2022). Climate change is centrally shaping ecologies and society’s health and psychological well-being on a planetary scale. A crisis that some 20 years ago may have seemed disparate and hard to measure in our daily lives is now intersecting with all areas of life, compounding hardships and igniting social action. When we, as Special Issue Guest Editors, published South African Journal of Psychology ’s (SAJP) call for papers during the 2021 UN Climate Summit in Glasgow, we already knew that psychology has been responding to the climate emergency. A growing number of Special Issues have addressed different aspects of psychology and climate change, some of which we have also worked on in the past (Barnes et al., 2022; Fernandes-Jesus et al., 2020). We know that there is a great appetite for spaces to highlight how psychology is being used around the world in different ways.In our original call, we were seeking pragmatic papers related to psychological impacts of climate change; experiences of climate-exacerbated disasters; risk perceptions; resilience and adapta-tion; engaging governments, extractive and fossil fuel industries; public education and curriculum development; evaluating novel interventions; clinical case studies (intervention, group or commu-nity); community mobilisation; ethical case studies (e.g., engaging with statutory bodies); climate activism; climate psychologies’ roles supporting climate action; and climate inequities and mental health.","PeriodicalId":47237,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45021150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}