British Journal of Learning Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"Rehabilitation for adults with an intellectual disability and mental health and behavioural complexities: A scoping review","authors":"Jonathan Williams, Saman Shahzad, Mizla Manandhar-Richardson, Sujeet Jaydeokar, Vicky Bramwell, Adam Garland, Christine Hutchinson, Mahesh Odiyoor","doi":"10.1111/bld.12581","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12581","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been significant focus in the past decade on reducing admissions to assessment and treatment units for people with intellectual disabilities experiencing mental health or behavioural concerns. This has included the development of intensive support functions of National Health Service Learning Disability services to bolster community support and treatment for people at risk of admission. However, in recent years, there has been increased consideration of service development to include rehabilitation functions which would aim to proactively provide medium-term additional input to individuals with a complexity of need. This input would aim to improve future trajectories and support the individuals to remain living a good life in their own community. This review focuses on community and in-patient approaches to meeting a complexity of need.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A scoping review was carried out according to established best practice guidelines. Papers returned from the search were screened by the following inclusion criteria (a) Models or Outcomes of Rehabilitation; (b) Intellectual Disability Population; (c) Sample being 18 or above and (d) longer than short-term stay/treatment, defined as 6 months or longer; and (e) Mental health and/or behaviour complexities. The search was conducted in electronic databases CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline, Embase and Social Policy & Practice. Here, 3790 articles were initially identified and 27 were ultimately included in the review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are few studies evaluating rehabilitation for people with intellectual disabilities and mental health or behavioural concerns. There was some evidence that accessing assessment and treatment inpatient provision resulted in clinical improvements. Some studies demonstrated initial evidence that longer term rehabilitation was beneficial as a step-down from inpatient care. Some key principles were identified in terms of rehabilitation approaches: the need for person-centred creative approaches, suitable staff training, focus on building skills, and a focus on increasing quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are some indicators of what good rehabilitation services might comprise for people with an intellectual disability, who have rehabilitation needs. However, far more research and guidance are required in this area. In particular, it is unclear whether rehabilitation is best provided within an inpatient or community model, and further detail is required about optimal components of such rehabilitation.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 4","pages":"589-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The demographic and diagnostic profile of women with intellectual disability and mental health disorder in New South Wales and patterns of service use: A data linkage study","authors":"Erin L. Whittle,&nbsp;Karen Fisher,&nbsp;Preeyaporn Srasuekbul,&nbsp;Julian Trollor","doi":"10.1111/bld.12575","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12575","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current evidence indicates that intellectual disability and gender are both factors in differential usage of services. However, there are limited data about the demographic and service usage patterns of people with intellectual disability who use mental health services. This is particularly true in relation to women with intellectual disability with mental ill health. Interrogation of large-scale linked data sets can provide valuable insights into patterns of service usage among marginalised groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large collaborative data linkage project was assembled with the overarching aim of providing an epidemiological profile of the health (including mental health), health service use, mortality and other service system contacts of people with intellectual disability in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. These linked data were used to interrogate the demographic, diagnostic and service use profiles of women with intellectual disability who have sought mental health support in NSW.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The linked data demonstrated important differences in patterns of diagnosis and service use for women with intellectual disability and mental health disorders, when compared to women without intellectual disability and men with and without intellectual disability, with mental health disorders. The diagnostic profile of women with intellectual disability reflected the gendered nature of diagnoses found in the wider population. Women with intellectual disability also experienced higher rates of diagnostic instability than other groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intersection between gender, intellectual disability and mental health has an effect on diagnostic profile and patterns of service use for women with intellectual disability. These differences are important and may impact targeted service delivery and planning for women with intellectual disability who have sought mental health support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"371-384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staffs' experiences and strategies to maintain care for individuals with intellectual disabilities living in supported living facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Ellen M. I. Ersfjord,&nbsp;Tanja Plasil,&nbsp;Hege M. Johnsen","doi":"10.1111/bld.12589","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12589","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We explored the experiences of staff working in Norwegian community-based living facilities, caring for people with intellectual disabilities during the Covid-19 pandemic, and what self-regulatory strategies staff used to maintain health and care service delivery and contribute to organisational resilience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative design was utilized. Data were collected from September 2021 to April 2022 with individual and focus group interviews. In this study, 25 staff members participated. Thematic analysis was conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five main themes were identified regarding the experiences of staff during the pandemic: Lockdown of facilities, social isolation of residents, lack of health follow-up, high sick leave rates and communication challenges. Only some of the strategies to mitigate pandemic-related challenges were based on current Norwegian infection control guidelines. Some strategies were successful while others were not and some were negligent and challenged the delivery of health and care services for the residents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study shows that people with intellectual disabilities living in the community-based living facilities were subjected to human rights violations and violations of the Norwegian infection control law. This was caused by a lack of several important organisational qualities in the facilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"385-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘I wouldn't change my flat for anything’. Is there scope for more people with learning disabilities to rent their own homes?","authors":"Deborah Quilgars,&nbsp;Eppie Leishman,&nbsp;David Abbott,&nbsp;Samantha Clarke,&nbsp;Becca Cooper,&nbsp;Stephen Hodgkins,&nbsp;Paul Scarrott,&nbsp;Andy Pollin,&nbsp;Lois Beech","doi":"10.1111/bld.12584","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12584","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Policy, research, and people's own experience in the UK consistently highlight the central importance of a home of choice for people with learning disabilities. Yet attention is mainly focused on the development of specialist as opposed to generic housing options for people with learning disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article reviews the findings from a major research study looking at the rented housing sector for people with learning disabilities. The study comprised of a review of local authority learning disability strategies; a ‘national conversation’ with key stakeholders; and thirty-five, qualitative interviews with people with learning disabilities who rent their own homes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research found that local learning disability strategies are lacking in information on rented housing for people. A national consultation identified a range of challenges in accessing rented housing for people wishing to do so. Interviews with people with learning disabilities renting their own place confirmed some of these problems but also, crucially, highlighted the success for most who rented their own home. People liked renting and were managing their tenancies well with relatively modest support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evidence points to the possible benefits of a greater focus on renting for people with learning disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"362-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139969829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In response to ‘Day service cultures from the perspectives of autistic people with profound learning disabilities’ (Ned Redmore)","authors":"Shalim Ali,&nbsp;Andrew Power","doi":"10.1111/bld.12586","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12586","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;My name is Shalim Ali. I am part of a research team and have worked on different research projects. I am also an expert by experience with Choice Support. I write a column in the Community Living magazine, commissioned by Saba Salman. I have lived independently for 3 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;My name is Andrew Power. I am a researcher in Geography at the University of Southampton. I am interested in the role of place in people's lives. I work closely with people with learning disabilities to find out about their support in the community and in care settings and think about ways to improve it. I met Shalim when we began our recent research project, Feeling at Home.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We were invited to write a In Response article by the journal to one of the papers in this issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We chose Ned Redmore's article (2023) &lt;i&gt;Day service cultures from the perspectives of autistic people with profound learning disabilities&lt;/i&gt; for the &lt;i&gt;British Journal of Learning Disabilities&lt;/i&gt;. We both saw Ned present this research at the Social History of Learning Disabilities conference in July 2023. We both found that it was a very accessible talk and clearly presented.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ned's article is about how a good service culture can be developed in a day service for autistic people with profound learning disabilities. The service in the study is a local charity based in the North of England with 20–30 clients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We chose to use the word client for two reasons. First, Ned used this term to describe people who attended the day centre. Second, Shalim also uses the term ‘client’ in his professional role as a quality checker in his reports and as an expert by experience in his research. We preferred this to ‘service user’ and thought that writing ‘people who attend the day centre’ every time was too long for this article.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shalim also thought that the paper related well to his own experience of day services when he was younger. During this time, staff were practical, enthusiastic for the job, engaging, polite and valued what they did. Staff were also very diverse in ethnicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In reading the paper, we found out that the researcher Ned worked very closely with a day service client ‘Ben’ with profound and multiple learning disabilities. Ben is described as a 27-year-old man who communicated through vocalisations, direction and body language. He was provided support at home and 2-day services.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We asked Ned to explain why he tried to focus on Ben's experiences. Ned said that he wanted to try to understand Ben's experiences. He wanted to try and change his own views of the day service in line with Ben's. This would allow Ned to think about service culture in a way that was more in line with the way Ben viewed it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We then asked Ned to explain how he developed this relationship. Ned explained that this was a process for him and it took time. When he first went to the day service, he looked at and wrote about the things that the day service staff thought were important.","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"432-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139969326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Dominic's voice and participation through the cocreation of an ‘I am’ Digital Story for supporting his post-19 transition from special school to adult social care","authors":"Cleo Barron,&nbsp;Sarah Parsons,&nbsp;Hanna Kovshoff","doi":"10.1111/bld.12585","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12585","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transitions into adult services for young people with complex communication needs are often experienced as challenging and rarely include the voices of young people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We piloted a person-centred method to enable one young person's (Dominic) voice to be included in his transition to adult services. An ‘I am’ Digital Story is a short video (c.6 min) that provides a strengths-based representation of a young person that is designed to be shared with and between settings. The process and outcomes of story cocreation were evaluated through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The process of story creation was evaluated very positively by key stakeholders. The information about Dominic's strengths and preferences helped the new setting to prepare for Dominic's arrival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ‘I am’ Digital Story method provides a powerful and accessible method for including the voices of young people with complex communication needs in their transitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 4","pages":"577-588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking new ground? An analysis of the use of embedded occupational therapy in a postsecondary education programme for students with intellectual disabilities","authors":"Barbara Ringwood,&nbsp;Jennifer Banks,&nbsp;Michael Shevlin","doi":"10.1111/bld.12583","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12583","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the growing diversity among students in higher education, nonprogression to postsecondary education persists for many students with intellectual disabilities with low completion rates for those who do progress. Research suggests that occupational therapy (OT) support can be extremely beneficial in assisting students. Less is known however about the impact of OT in higher education. This study aims to examine the use of OT embedded in a postsecondary programme for students with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses a scoping review of relevant literature and a qualitative analysis of OT working in a higher education programme specifically designed for students with intellectual disabilities in Ireland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper highlights how the OT support within this programme uses a four-fold collaborative approach supporting students, staff, business partners and wider organisational structures in the university.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis highlights the opportunities for collaboration between OT and curriculum developers, teaching and ancillary staff and students in higher education along with the significant OT input into work placements and internships with business partner mentors. Challenges in educating stakeholders to understand OT in the higher education environment would suggest a substantial need for further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"422-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey on service users' perspectives about information and shared decision-making in psychotropic drug prescriptions in people with intellectual disabilities","authors":"Gerda de Kuijper,&nbsp;Josien Jonker,&nbsp;Rory Sheehan,&nbsp;Angela Hassiotis","doi":"10.1111/bld.12582","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12582","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In people with intellectual disabilities and mental disorders and/or challenging behaviours, rates of psychotropic drug prescription are high. In clinical treatments and evaluations, all stakeholders should be involved in a process of shared decision-making (SDM). We aimed to investigate the perspectives of clients and their carers on clients’ treatments with psychotropic drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a survey among adults with intellectual disabilities in a Dutch mental healthcare centre providing community, outpatient and inpatient care. Data were collected between January and June 2022. Questions focused on experiences with the provision of information, treatment involvement and SDM and participants' wishes in this regard.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respondents (57 clients and 21 carers) were largely satisfied with the overall care from their clinicians, and with how information on the pharmacological treatment was provided verbally, but written information was insufficient or not provided. Seventy per cent of clients and 60% of carers reported being involved in medication decision-making. However, over 75% of participants desired greater involvement in SDM and over 60% in medication reviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Service users and representatives were satisfied about the treatment and verbal information on their psychotropic drug use. The provision of written information, the SDM process and ongoing evaluation of psychotropic medication use could be improved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"350-361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to prevent or reduce inequalities in specific avoidable causes of death for adults with intellectual disability: A systematic review","authors":"Pauline Heslop,&nbsp;Emily Lauer","doi":"10.1111/bld.12576","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12576","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We now have sufficient evidence demonstrating inequalities in specific avoidable causes of death for adults with intellectual disability compared to their peers without intellectual disability. Apart from covid-19, the largest differentials that disadvantage people with intellectual disability are in relation to pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, deep vein thrombosis, diabetes and sepsis. The aim of this systematic review is to report on strategies at the individual, population or policy levels aimed at preventing these conditions that are applicable to adults with intellectual disability and that have been based on or recommended by research.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Systematic review of PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Social Care Online, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Web of Science, Scopus, Overton, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases was carried out. Searches were completed on 30 June 2023. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods research; systematic, scoping or evidence-based reviews; and audit and reports of mortality reviews were included. Publications included in the review were about preventing the eight potentially avoidable causes of death.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Findings&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ninety-four papers were included in the review (9 in relation to pneumonia; 11 for aspiration pneumonia; 18 for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; 7 for cerebrovascular disease; 8 for ischaemic heart disease; 4 for deep vein thrombosis; 31 for diabetes; 6 for sepsis). The eight most frequently occurring potentially avoidable causes of death in people with intellectual disability are very different medical conditions, but they shared striking similarities in how they could be prevented. The literature overwhelmingly implicated the need to make lifestyle changes to address obesity, lack of exercise and poor nutrition, and to have regular medical reviews. In addition, ‘whole-population’ approaches are required that look beyond the individual to the social determinants of health.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found little peer-reviewed evidence specifically about preventing these conditions in people with intellectual disability. However, most of the literature about preventative strategies pertaining to the general population was applicable to people with intellectual disability, albeit that some ‘reasonable adjustments’ would be required.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"312-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young adults with intellectual disabilities participating in employment-related activities using the pathways and resources for engagement and participation intervention: A case study","authors":"Harry James Kinneil Cowan,&nbsp;Loretta Sheppard,&nbsp;Rosamund Harrington","doi":"10.1111/bld.12580","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bld.12580","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participation-focused interventions are gaining momentum. The Pathways and Resources for Engagement and Participation (PREP) is one such intervention, and it was investigated in this study for its effectiveness in supporting participation in employment-related activities for young adults with intellectual disabilities in Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of the PREP approach was adapted to accommodate COVID-19 restrictions. Data were gathered from multiple sources in a triangulating manner following a case study design. Measures of performance, satisfaction, and a third measure of involvement were collected using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in a multiple baseline format. The work questionnaire from the Assessment of Life Habits (Life-H) was administered at three time points, and qualitative data were collected post-intervention via a separate semi-structured interview with four young adults with intellectual disabilities and the two occupational therapist facilitators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performance, satisfaction and involvement scores had increased for 75% or more of employment-related goals at follow-up, although these changes were not statistically significant. Visual analysis indicated improved Life-H accomplishment scores post-intervention, but satisfaction with employment scores did not change. PREP was positively perceived, but the young adults reported needing more support from their participation teams.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PREP intervention shifts the focus from a skills-based approach to a participation approach to practice and empowers young adults with intellectual disabilities to have greater independence over employment goals and related activities. COVID-19 restrictions limited the application of the PREP approach, but the experience was still valued by the participants, although additional training and support for them and the PREP participation team working with them may have further enhanced their experience and participation outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47232,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Learning Disabilities","volume":"52 2","pages":"410-421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bld.12580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}