I. Adamopoulos, N. Syrou, J. Adamopoulou, Maad M. Mijwil
{"title":"Conventional water resources associated with climate change in the Southeast Mediterranean and the Middle East countries","authors":"I. Adamopoulos, N. Syrou, J. Adamopoulou, Maad M. Mijwil","doi":"10.29333/ejosdr/14860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14860","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional water sources in the Southeast Mediterranean and the Middle East play a crucial role in driving the socio-economic progress of the region. This study aims to address the uncertainties, discrepancies, and gaps in knowledge regarding how to combat the climate crisis and extreme weather events impacting traditional water sources. These sources encompass rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater reservoirs that are vital for agriculture, industry, and daily household needs. The availability and upkeep of water resources in this area are influenced by factors like climate change, population growth, and competing demands from different sectors. The methodology involved an extensive review of research literature curetted from a wide array of international scientific studies and reports, drawing data from sources such as PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and UNESCO, WHO databases. The findings underscore the importance of traditional water sources in these regions, underscoring their significance for agricultural, industrial, and domestic applications. The accessibility of water resources varies among nations, with some grappling with water scarcity issues. This research delves into the condition of traditional water sources in the Southeast Mediterranean and the Middle East, shining a spotlight on concerns like water scarcity, pollution, and governance, offering valuable insights into these critical resources.","PeriodicalId":472138,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sustainable development research","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila José Diogens, I. de Alencar Nääs, Marco Antonio Campos Benvenga
{"title":"The impact of gold mining on regional development in Brazil","authors":"Camila José Diogens, I. de Alencar Nääs, Marco Antonio Campos Benvenga","doi":"10.29333/ejosdr/14471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14471","url":null,"abstract":"The mining industry plays a vital role in the economy of some Brazilian states. This research aims to evaluate the degree of influence of mining activity on the human development index (HDI) and the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Brazilian states of Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Pará. The data used in the calculations were extracted from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics database from 2010 to 2020. Using the Pearson correlation method, we analyzed the impact of the mining economic activity on the regional income and HDI. The results showed a low correlation between gold mining production and HDI and GDP per capita indices of the states studied. It was found that Bahia State presented slight correlation rates (61.39% and 60.76%) for HDI and GDP per capita, respectively. The rates presented for the other states were below 35.00%, suggesting that mining activity does not influence the regional development of Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Pará. We concluded from the gold mining data that the mining industry did not impact regional development in the studied ten-year range. Further analysis should be carried out to verify the cost-benefit of gold mining, considering the environmental cost of mining activity.","PeriodicalId":472138,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sustainable development research","volume":" 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of low microwave temperature on the physical and chemical properties of waste activated sludge","authors":"Ali Alhraishawi, Sukru Aslan","doi":"10.29333/ejosdr/14461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14461","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of microwave (MW) irradiation at a target temperature of 80 °C with a heating rate of two °C/min and a holding time of five minutes on the physicochemical properties of activated sludge was studied. The results showed that subjecting biosludge to MW pretreatment resulted in a reduction in particle size to 14.5, 44.6, and 72.8 for d10, d50, and d90, respectively and an increase in the specific surface area of the biosludge to 235.9 m2/kg. Pretreatment resulted in an increase in soluble oxygen demand, sugar, and protein concentrations to 2,380.0 mg/L, 66.5 mg/L, and 1.81 g/L, respectively. A slight increase in the release of inorganic compounds, especially NH4-N and PO4-P, was observed in the disintegrated biosludge. While there was an increase in release of K and Zn, a decrease in concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg, and Al in the liquid was observed after MW irradiation. It was determined that the dewatering property deteriorated after biosludge disintegration, as it increased from raw sludge to disintegrated sludge by 21-fold.","PeriodicalId":472138,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sustainable development research","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze, Charles Olumakinde Omiyale, Mary Mbahi Asugu, Olaoluwa John Adeleke, Samuel Boluwaji Lanade, Isaac Ayebanuwa Odumah, Idrees Babatunde Idrees, Ganiyu Ayomide Adebayo, Adeyemi Gbolahan Sherif, Innocent Ugochukwu Okonkwo, Precious Ada Josiah, Benjamin Nnamdi Chukwu, Bethel Chijioke Iheanacho, Nathaniel Nwoke Chimezie
{"title":"Optimization of biodiesel production from coconut oil using a bifunctional catalyst derived from crab shell and coconut shell","authors":"Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze, Charles Olumakinde Omiyale, Mary Mbahi Asugu, Olaoluwa John Adeleke, Samuel Boluwaji Lanade, Isaac Ayebanuwa Odumah, Idrees Babatunde Idrees, Ganiyu Ayomide Adebayo, Adeyemi Gbolahan Sherif, Innocent Ugochukwu Okonkwo, Precious Ada Josiah, Benjamin Nnamdi Chukwu, Bethel Chijioke Iheanacho, Nathaniel Nwoke Chimezie","doi":"10.29333/ejosdr/14188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14188","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of renewable biomass resources for biofuel production has gained widespread popularity as an effective means of converting waste into a valuable resource. This study investigated the optimization of biodiesel production from coconut oil (CO) using a bifunctional catalyst derived from crab shell and coconut shell. The catalyst underwent characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. The acid precursor for the bio-based bifunctional catalyst was created from carbonized and sulfurized coconut shell, while the base precursor was obtained from calcined and KOH-treated crab shell. The experimental design was optimized using Box-Behnken design for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of CO. Response surface methodology was employed to model and optimize the process. Under the determined ideal conditions, which included a methanol to oil ratio of 16.75:1, a 1.00% catalyst loading, a temperature of 58.19 °C, and a reaction time of 78.76 minutes, a CO methyl ester yield of 85.73% was achieved under experimental conditions. This yield closely aligned with the predicted range of 85.84% as per the model. The resulting methyl ester (biodiesel) obtained under these optimized conditions exhibited physicochemical properties well within the requirements specified by ASTM D6751 set by the International Organization of Standardization.","PeriodicalId":472138,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sustainable development research","volume":" 96","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139789194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze, Charles Olumakinde Omiyale, Mary Mbahi Asugu, Olaoluwa John Adeleke, Samuel Boluwaji Lanade, Isaac Ayebanuwa Odumah, Idrees Babatunde Idrees, Ganiyu Ayomide Adebayo, Adeyemi Gbolahan Sherif, Innocent Ugochukwu Okonkwo, Precious Ada Josiah, Benjamin Nnamdi Chukwu, Bethel Chijioke Iheanacho, Nathaniel Nwoke Chimezie
{"title":"Optimization of biodiesel production from coconut oil using a bifunctional catalyst derived from crab shell and coconut shell","authors":"Favour Okechi Ifeanyi-Nze, Charles Olumakinde Omiyale, Mary Mbahi Asugu, Olaoluwa John Adeleke, Samuel Boluwaji Lanade, Isaac Ayebanuwa Odumah, Idrees Babatunde Idrees, Ganiyu Ayomide Adebayo, Adeyemi Gbolahan Sherif, Innocent Ugochukwu Okonkwo, Precious Ada Josiah, Benjamin Nnamdi Chukwu, Bethel Chijioke Iheanacho, Nathaniel Nwoke Chimezie","doi":"10.29333/ejosdr/14188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14188","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of renewable biomass resources for biofuel production has gained widespread popularity as an effective means of converting waste into a valuable resource. This study investigated the optimization of biodiesel production from coconut oil (CO) using a bifunctional catalyst derived from crab shell and coconut shell. The catalyst underwent characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. The acid precursor for the bio-based bifunctional catalyst was created from carbonized and sulfurized coconut shell, while the base precursor was obtained from calcined and KOH-treated crab shell. The experimental design was optimized using Box-Behnken design for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of CO. Response surface methodology was employed to model and optimize the process. Under the determined ideal conditions, which included a methanol to oil ratio of 16.75:1, a 1.00% catalyst loading, a temperature of 58.19 °C, and a reaction time of 78.76 minutes, a CO methyl ester yield of 85.73% was achieved under experimental conditions. This yield closely aligned with the predicted range of 85.84% as per the model. The resulting methyl ester (biodiesel) obtained under these optimized conditions exhibited physicochemical properties well within the requirements specified by ASTM D6751 set by the International Organization of Standardization.","PeriodicalId":472138,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sustainable development research","volume":"183 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139848877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yields of biodynamic agriculture of Immanuel Voegele (1897-1959): Experimental Circle data of Pilgramshain","authors":"John Paull","doi":"10.29333/ejosdr/14124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejosdr/14124","url":null,"abstract":"A century ago the New Age philosopher Dr Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) called for the development of a differentiated. agriculture, one focussed on biology rather than chemistry. At his Agriculture Course at Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce), in the summer of 1924, Steiner founded the Experimental Circle of Anthroposophical Farmers and Gardeners. The Experimental Circle members each signed a non-disclosure agreement (NDA). Their task was to test Steiner’s ideas, establish what worked, and to publish the results. That injunction was arguably satisfied by the publication of Ehrenfried Pfeiffer’s book ‘Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening’ in 1938. The results reported in the present paper are Experimental Circle results that were subject to the secrecy provisions of the NDA at that time (1936), and are now finally revealed. Immanuel Voegele (1897-1959) recorded yields for five crops under Biodynamic (BD) management in the years 1931-1933, comparing these results to yields in the pre-BD years 1920-1926. He reported yield increases for potatoes to 55%, rye up to 48%, oats to 31%, wheat to 14%, and barley to 9%. Voegele was well credentialed and grounded to report on Biodynamics. He had studied agriculture at Stuttgart, he attended the Agricultural Course of Rudolf Steiner at Koberwitz, and he was an inaugural member of the Experimental Circle. Voegele had served as a farm manager at the Koberwitz estate of Count Carl Keyserlingk (1869-1928) (until 1925). He subsequently worked at the Biodynamic farm of Ernst Stegemann (1882-1943) at Marienstein. The present paper reports longitudinal yield results for five crops at Voegele’s farm at Pilgramshain, Silesia, Germany, before and after the conversion to BD. These early BD yield data were shared amongst ‘the faithful’ at the time, and only now publicly. From the high point of his reported successes with BD, life and prospects for Voegele would rapidly deteriorate. The Nazi regime was hostile to Rudolf Steiner, Anthroposophy, and Anthroposophic ventures (of which Biodynamics was one). All books by Rudolf Steiner were banned by the Nazis in 1935 (including the Agriculture Course). Germany invaded Poland in 1939 and slaughtered millions of Polish civilians, before eventually in 1945 the Russian Army routed the Nazi army. The Russians marched on ‘Fortress Breslau’ and on to Berlin, sparking a mass westward exodus of Germans, including Immanuel Voegele. Territory, including Pilgramshain, was relinquished to Poland at the Potsdam Conference of 1945. Immanuel Voegele’s legacy of reported successes with Biodynamics at a time when secrecy prevailed is now shared.","PeriodicalId":472138,"journal":{"name":"European journal of sustainable development research","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}