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The Effect of Income on Vehicle Demand: Evidence from China's New Vehicle Market 收入对汽车需求的影响——来自中国新车市场的证据
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1086/725910
Joshua Linn, Chang Shen
{"title":"The Effect of Income on Vehicle Demand: Evidence from China's New Vehicle Market","authors":"Joshua Linn, Chang Shen","doi":"10.1086/725910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725910","url":null,"abstract":"Growth of private vehicle ownership in low-income and emerging countries is a dominant factor in forecasts of global oil demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Countries such as China are expected to experience rapid income growth over the next few decades, but little causal evidence exists on its effect on car ownership in these countries. Using city-level data on new car sales and income from 2005 to 2017, and using export-led growth to isolate plausibly exogenous income variation, we estimate an elasticity of new car sales to income of about 2.5. This estimate indicates that recent projections of vehicle sales in China have understated actual sales by 36 percent and carbon dioxide emissions by 18 million metric tons in 2017. The results suggest that, to meet its climate objectives, China’s climate policies will need to be substantially more aggressive than previous forecasts indicate. *Linn: University of Maryland and Resources for the Future (linn@umd.edu). Shen: University of Maryland. The authors thank Anna Alberini, Jim Archsmith, Erich Battistin, Jing Cai, and Cinzia Cirilo for helpful comments.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43027787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Input Efficiency as a Solution to Externalities and Resource Scarcity: A Randomized Controlled Trial 投入效率作为外部性和资源稀缺的解决方案:一项随机对照试验
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/725700
F. Alpízar, María Bernedo Del Carpio, Paul J. Ferraro
{"title":"Input Efficiency as a Solution to Externalities and Resource Scarcity: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"F. Alpízar, María Bernedo Del Carpio, Paul J. Ferraro","doi":"10.1086/725700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725700","url":null,"abstract":"Resource-conserving technologies are widely reported to benefit both the people who adopt them and the environment. Evidence for these “win-win” claims comes largely from modeling or nonexperimental designs and mostly from the energy sector. In a randomized trial of water-efficient technologies, the ex ante engineering estimate of water use reductions was three times higher than the experimental estimate, a divergence arising from engineering and behavioral reasons other than the rebound effect. Using detailed cost information and experimentally elicited time and risk preferences, we infer that the private welfare gains from adoption are, on average, negative, implying no “efficiency paradox.”","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
California’s GHG cap and trade program and the equity of air toxic releases 加州的温室气体总量控制和交易计划以及空气有毒物质排放的公平性
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/725699
G. Sheriff
{"title":"California’s GHG cap and trade program and the equity of air toxic releases","authors":"G. Sheriff","doi":"10.1086/725699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725699","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon trading faces pushback over concerns of increasing copollutant exposure for minorities. Combining federal and state data I evaluate three questions concerning the distribution of hazardous air pollutants after implementation of California’s greenhouse gas cap-and-trade program. Did air toxic releases from facilities covered by the GHG program upwind of minorities disproportionately increase? Did minority communities suffer a disproportionate increase in cumulative exposure from covered facilities? Did minorities overall suffer higher exposure to air toxics from all sources relative to a counterfactual no-cap-and-trade scenario? Results suggest that covered facilities upwind of minorities did not have higher releases, and minority communities experienced a relative reduction in cumulative exposure from them. Under all policy scenarios minorities have a less desirable exposure distribution than whites. However, both demographic groups have a better air toxic exposure distribution with the cap-and-trade program than in a counterfactual without.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41452816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Front Matter 前页
3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1086/726105
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/726105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unemployment, Labor Mobility, and Climate Policy 失业、劳动力流动和气候政策
3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1086/725482
Kenneth A. Castellanos, Garth Heutel
{"title":"Unemployment, Labor Mobility, and Climate Policy","authors":"Kenneth A. Castellanos, Garth Heutel","doi":"10.1086/725482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725482","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a computable general equilibrium model of the United States economy to study the unemployment effects of climate policy and the importance of cross-sectoral labor mobility. We consider two alternate extreme assumptions about labor mobility: either perfect mobility, as is assumed in much previous work, or perfect immobility. The effect of a $35 per ton carbon tax on aggregate unemployment is small and similar across the two labor mobility assumptions (0.2–0.3 percentage points). The effect on unemployment in fossil fuel sectors is much larger under the immobility assumption – a 30 percentage-point increase in the coal sector – suggesting that models omitting labor mobility frictions may greatly under-predict sectoral unemployment effects. Returning carbon tax revenue through labor tax cuts can dampen or even reverse negative impacts on unemployment, while command-and-control policies yield larger unemployment effects.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Pigouvian policies under behavioral motives 行为动机下的庇古政策
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.1086/725445
Nathan W. Chan
{"title":"Pigouvian policies under behavioral motives","authors":"Nathan W. Chan","doi":"10.1086/725445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725445","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the role of Pigouvian policy when producers and consumers may have direct preferences or “behavioral motives” that cause them to take voluntary actions to address externalities. Building from microfoundations, I construct a model of behavioral motives and analyze their implications for policy. In addition to the damage function, the optimal Pigouvian price will depend upon behavioral responses to policy and normative judgments regarding whether behavioral motives are welfare relevant. The “normative uncertainty” regarding whether behavioral motives are welfare relevant may be even more consequential for the optimal Pigouvian tax than uncertainty regarding the damage function. Thus, focusing solely on careful empirical estimation of behavioral motives is insufficient for setting policy. I elucidate diverse applications for the model and discuss normative implications for existing research on green markets, warm glow, and social and moral norms.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44779076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paper Water, Wet Water, and the Recognition of Indigenous Property Rights 纸水、湿水与对土著产权的承认
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.1086/725400
L. Sanchez, B. Leonard, E. Edwards
{"title":"Paper Water, Wet Water, and the Recognition of Indigenous Property Rights","authors":"L. Sanchez, B. Leonard, E. Edwards","doi":"10.1086/725400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725400","url":null,"abstract":"Restoring natural resource access for Indigenous groups has become a recent policy focus. We combine satellite data and robust difference-in-difference methods to estimate the causal effect of Native American water right settlements on land and water use on reservations in the western United States over 1974–2012. We find that settlements increase cultivated agricultural land use (crops and hay/pasture) by 8.7%. Our estimates of tribal water use indicate that, even after accounting for water leased off-reservation, many tribes are utilizing only a fraction of their entitlements, forgoing as much as $938 million–$1.8 billion in revenue. We provide evidence suggesting that this gap is driven, in part, by land tenure constraints and a lack of irrigation infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Hidden Cost of Bananas: The Effects of Pesticides on Newborns’ Health 香蕉的隐性成本：杀虫剂对新生儿健康的影响
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1086/725349
Joan Calzada, B. Moscoso, Meritxell Gisbert
{"title":"The Hidden Cost of Bananas: The Effects of Pesticides on Newborns’ Health","authors":"Joan Calzada, B. Moscoso, Meritxell Gisbert","doi":"10.1086/725349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725349","url":null,"abstract":"We suggest new evidence that the pesticides pollution caused by aerial fumigation activities in the agricultural industry have negative effect on newborns’ health at birth Birthweight","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43222936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pests and Diseases: Ensemble Modeling of Time-Varying Weather Effects 气候变化对作物病虫害的影响：时变天气效应的集合建模
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1086/725323
K. Kawasaki
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Crop Pests and Diseases: Ensemble Modeling of Time-Varying Weather Effects","authors":"K. Kawasaki","doi":"10.1086/725323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725323","url":null,"abstract":"The impacts of climate change on crop yields have been extensively studied worldwide, yet the mechanisms underlying changes in yields are not fully understood. This study investigates the relative importance of pest effects using observational data. As weather effects could vary depending on the timing of exposure, I model time-varying weather effects by separating the entire cropping season into thousands of possible growth-stage combinations and select the top-performing models using the cross-validation method. The empirical application reveals that the proposed method achieves a much better prediction performance than conventional methods. By simulating climate change impacts in central and southern Japan, I find that crop yields decrease by approximately 10% and 30% for rice and wheat, respectively. However, pest effects only explain one-tenth of the overall effect of climate change, which suggests that climate change will harm crop growth directly, rather than through disease and pest epidemics.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46092068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water in Scarcity, Women in Peril 水资源短缺，妇女处境危险
IF 3.6 3区 经济学
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1086/725247
Sheetal Sekhri, Md. Amzad Hossain
{"title":"Water in Scarcity, Women in Peril","authors":"Sheetal Sekhri, Md. Amzad Hossain","doi":"10.1086/725247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725247","url":null,"abstract":"We provide evidence that groundwater scarcity results in an increase in sexual violence against women. Negative shocks, measured as the year-to-year variation in subsurface water from the long-term mean, result in an increase in reported rapes. We bolster our identification by providing insights from geology that explain why annual fluctuations in subsurface water are largely geogenic and hence exogenous. We posit that these negative shocks increase the time required for women to collect water from outside the house, thus exposing them to a heightened risk of violent attack. We find empirical support for this hypothesis and show evidence that makes alternative explanations untenable.","PeriodicalId":47114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48105973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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