Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/17506980231170355
Valerie Fryer-Davis
{"title":"Memory dialogics: Scholastique Mukasonga’s literary renegotiation of Rwandan Genocide narratives","authors":"Valerie Fryer-Davis","doi":"10.1177/17506980231170355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231170355","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars have recently observed how the Rwandan State, led by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, relies on public memory after the 1994 Rwandan Genocide to categorize individuals based on gender and ethnicity. But the scholarship predominately constructs individual narratives in opposition to the State narrative, either supporting or resisting it. This article approaches the political memorialization in Rwanda through literature in order to explore how individuals simultaneously support and renegotiate State narrative tropes by fictionalizing a diverse set of emotions. Through a case study of Scholastique Mukasonga’s novels and memoires, the article examines how literary form and language allow an individual writer to dialogically situate their own memories within prescriptive State and international narratives, allowing readers to simultaneously relate to a multitude of contradictory narratives through their attendant emotions. The article reveals that the degree to which a writer can nuance these narratives from above depends on the writer’s identity, their geographical location, the languages they write in, literary form, and which aspects of the State narrative they choose to critique. The study concludes that literature might be crucial to encourage deeper reconciliation in Rwanda.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41745970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/17506980231170351
Pascal Moliner, I. Bovina
{"title":"Public spaces and circumscribed spaces of the collective memory: A research on the location of commemorative monuments","authors":"Pascal Moliner, I. Bovina","doi":"10.1177/17506980231170351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231170351","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents three archival studies conducted on three different databases, on the location of memorials. Study 1 compares French monuments dedicated to the Wars of 1870–1871 (defeat) and 1914–1918 (victory). We note a proportionally greater presence in public spaces of monuments dedicated to the 1914–1918 War. Study 2 concerns the memorials to political repression in the Russian Federation, erected before and after 1991 (date of promulgation of a victim rehabilitation law). Results show an increase of presence of monuments in the public space starting from 1991. Study 3 concerns the location of monuments dedicated to the Second World War in the Russian Federation. No significant variation in the locations of these monuments is observed between 1951 and 2010. The results of these studies suggest that the location of monuments could be a relevant indicator to assess the way a society views a commemorated event at a given moment.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43899563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/17506980231170350
Claire Taylor
{"title":"Memory practices ‘from below’: Mnemonic solidarity, intimacy and counter-monuments in the practices of Zoscua, Colombia","authors":"Claire Taylor","doi":"10.1177/17506980231170350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231170350","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the memory practices of Corporación Zoscua, a small, grassroots activist group in Colombia representing victims of the armed conflict within the region of Boyacá. After an initial grounding within the broader context of transitional justice and historical memory debates within Colombia, the article focuses on how Zoscua’s practices constitute a form of tactical, vernacular memory-making from below that involves temporary alliances and negotiations in order to make interventions into the mnemonic spaces of the city. Based on a mixed-methods approach that includes semi-structured interviews with participants, as well as textual and paratextual analysis, the article provides an analysis of the conception and construction of their memory wall in the city of Tunja. It highlights first how the choice of location of the wall constitutes a tactical take-over of public space, with grassroots memory being inserted into a conventionally top-down locale that conveys official, state-sponsored national values. Second, the article considers the practices and negotiations involved in designing and building the wall, and, subsequently, focuses on the content of the wall, with particular attention to the collective and collaborative nature of the artwork that, through its imagery, composition and focus on emotions, and contests the high-art values normally associated with monumental practices. The article concludes by suggesting that the distinction between top-down and bottom-up memory initiatives is complicated when examining the mnemonic practices of grassroots memory actors, who make tactical use of alliances to further their aims. As the analysis in this article reveals, bottom-up strategies undertaken by community groups and top-down initiatives promoted by authorities often become entangled or coalesce, evidenced both in the practices and negotiations involved in creating grassroots memorials, and in the resulting materiality of the memorial wall under discussion.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47836457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-05-02DOI: 10.1177/17506980231170353
Heather Burke, Lynley A. Wallis, Nicholas Hadnutt, I. Davidson, Galiina Ellwood, Lance Sullivan
{"title":"The difficult, divisive and disruptive heritage of the Queensland Native Mounted Police","authors":"Heather Burke, Lynley A. Wallis, Nicholas Hadnutt, I. Davidson, Galiina Ellwood, Lance Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/17506980231170353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231170353","url":null,"abstract":"The colonial history of nineteenth-century Queensland was arguably dominated by the actions of the Native Mounted Police, Australia’s most punitive native policing force. The centrality of the Native Mounted Police to the sustained economic success of Queensland for over half a century, and their widespread, devastating effects on Aboriginal societies across the colony, have left a complex legacy. For non-Indigenous Queenslanders, a process of obscuring the Native Mounted Police began perhaps as soon as a detachment was removed from an area, reflected today in the minimisation of the Native Mounted Police in official histories and their omission from non-Indigenous heritage lists. In contrast, the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Database preserves several elements of frontier conflict and Native Mounted Police presence, giving rise to parallel state-level narratives, neither of which map directly onto local and regional memory. This highlights potential issues for formal processes of truth-telling relating to frontier conflict that have recently been initiated by the Queensland and Federal Governments. Of particular concern is the form that such a process might adopt. Drawing on a 4-year project to document the workings of the Queensland Native Mounted Police through archival, archaeological and oral historical sources, we suggest that this conflicted and conflictual heritage can best be bridged through empathetic truth-telling, using Rothberg’s notion of the implicated subject to consider contemporary contexts of responsibility and connect present-day Queenslanders with this difficult, divisive and disruptive past.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891a
J. Apsel
{"title":"Book review: Remembrance and Forgiveness: Global and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Genocide and Mass Violence","authors":"J. Apsel","doi":"10.1177/17506980221150891a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221150891a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"501 - 504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48214788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891c
S. Waterman
{"title":"Book review: An Everlasting Name: Cultural Remembrance and Traditions of Onymic Commemoration","authors":"S. Waterman","doi":"10.1177/17506980221150891c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221150891c","url":null,"abstract":"authors argue that the project creates a platform for the disaster stories of Langtangpas, employing memory work as ‘a recursive and adaptive process of gathering’ (p. 365). In the final chapter, ‘Bhukampa: Nepali Recitations of an Earthquake Aftermath’, Michael Hutt focusses on Nepali poetry post-earthquake. He investigates the literary form of memory by questioning whether the contents of poetry are an ‘endogenous response’ (p. 368) and, if so, how they differ from the broader ‘endogenous response’ to life. Hutt identifies six poetry motifs relating to the disaster: anguish and determination, witness, the bhukampa (earthquake) as a punisher, the bhukampa as unifier and leveller, the distribution of loss, and political anger and distrust. Although the poets are mainly men from dominant castes, they are also individuals with personal subjectivities and in the poems, they express a general unity as a Nepali nation. Overall, this edited work is of special significance in the field of disaster studies since it was completed by multidisciplinary authors who specialise in Nepal and Himalayan studies; of the 33 authors, 14 are Nepali nationals (p. 17). The work combines the memory of the past and the ongoing memorisation in an integrative collection, which encompasses memory studies and spans the timeline of an entire event. The volume raises many useful questions and presents valuable evidence, particularly for researchers and readers interested in disaster studies and contemporary Himalayan and South Asian studies.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"507 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43351397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891
Jocelyn S Martin
{"title":"Book review: Memory and Nation-Building: World War II in Malaysian Literature","authors":"Jocelyn S Martin","doi":"10.1177/17506980221150891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221150891","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"498 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48455542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1177/17506980221150891b
Jingwei Li
{"title":"Book review: Epicentre to Aftermath: Rebuilding and Remembering in the Wake of Nepal’s Earthquakes","authors":"Jingwei Li","doi":"10.1177/17506980221150891b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221150891b","url":null,"abstract":"The above descriptions give the potential reader a sample of the volume’s important, thoughtprovoking essays. However, the volume could be strengthened in a number of ways. For example, the editors’ introduction would benefit from further contextualization about what is described as the volume’s launching of ‘an interdisciplinary inquiry into the science of remembrance and forgiveness’ (p. 3). How does this fit within (or substantially differ from) the history and growing literature of genocide and memory studies and related fields, which for decades have been focused on these same issues of transitional justice, remembrance, and forgiveness. The editors also missed an opportunity by leaving the reader very much on his or her own to pick and choose which articles and themes might be of interest. While the essays are in conversation with one another, for most readers more guidance on the content and parameters of such dialogues would be helpful. This would include expanding the brief introduction to include more about the editors (who put together such an outstanding collection, but do not contribute an essay or conclusion to the volume) and their positionality, as well as further discussion of thematic links. If there is a second edition—and I hope there will be, as this volume has potential for widespread use in relevant courses—this reviewer suggests a more detailed introduction and conclusion by the editors and, most importantly, a thematic reorganization of the contributions with short introductions to the key themes and frameworks in each section. This kind of editorial guidance would help readers (and I am particularly thinking of students) make connections between the rich and varied 16 case studies in the volume. In conclusion, Remembrance and Forgiveness: Global and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Genocide and Mass Violence, with its excellent array of case studies ranging from Timor-Leste and Ethiopia to Rwanda and Argentina, is a collection of outstanding essays that will be of interest to many different audiences.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"504 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155556
Monica Klasing Chen
{"title":"Between remembrance and commerce: Writing a painting treatise in nineteenth-century Shanghai","authors":"Monica Klasing Chen","doi":"10.1177/17506980231155556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231155556","url":null,"abstract":"This study takes a socio-historical approach to analyze a case of how practical painting knowledge was historicized during nineteenth-century China. After the Taiping War (1850–1864), a civil war that left urban centers in the cultural heartland of China in ruins, scholars sought to recover and commemorate the past. The professional painter Dai Yiheng publicly engaged his traumatic war experience to cater to a new audience of foreign students in Shanghai. The tension between the commercial environment of Shanghai and his personal experience becomes visible in both his paintings and writings. Through a practice of temporal layering in his work, Dai managed to combine the demands of his profession and his personal trauma.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"1313 - 1327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46266264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memory StudiesPub Date : 2023-03-15DOI: 10.1177/17506980231155596
Katarina Ristić
{"title":"Far-right digital memory activism: Transnational circulation of memes and memory of Yugoslav wars","authors":"Katarina Ristić","doi":"10.1177/17506980231155596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980231155596","url":null,"abstract":"The terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011 and New Zealand in 2019 have revealed that the far-right worldwide uses the memory of the Yugoslav wars for online mobilization. Scholars working on memory activism usually deal with the liberal, self-critical memory emerging from the bottom-up activism of human rights groups while neglecting the activism of the far-right. This article fills the gap by addressing the global circulation of two memes, Remove Kebab and Pepe the Frog, as examples of far-right memory activism. In order to address the transnational circulation of memes as memory activism, this article employs the concept of ‘traveling memory’ while relying on multimodal discourse analysis to unveil the processes of memetic transformation, imitation, iconization and narrativization. The analysis reveals an alternative memory of Yugoslav wars that depicts Serbia as the first case of ‘white genocide’ in Europe, reversing the roles of war criminals and victims while propagating violence and celebrating genocide. The article argues that memory studies can no longer ignore memory production of far-right communities and, at the same time, outlines the method for examining far-right digital memory activism, revealing a whole set of mnemonic practices developed among the anonymous fringe communities of the far-right.","PeriodicalId":47104,"journal":{"name":"Memory Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49274819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}