Urban Policy and Research最新文献

{"title":"Managing the Marketplace: Reinventing Shopping Centres in Post-War History","authors":"Andrew Allan","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2104438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2104438","url":null,"abstract":"tal collaboration will help make cities more “resilient, sustainable, and just” (p. 13). However, many of the technologies and methods, such as the use of data from geo-tagging and geospatial technologies or social media, tell an incomplete story. How people move around in a city or represent themselves online, for instance, are entangled with all sorts of other social factors – gender, ability, age, income, and so on. Even the ways in which one might respond in an interview, a method used by some of the researchers to compare against big data results, is imbued with methodological issues of representation, positionality, and power, which all go unexamined. While we can identify patterns from large pools of data, made possible by big data and digital technologies, using quantitative methods in this way only tells us the outcome (i.e. the most common routes people take) but not the why. Granted, Yadav et al. combine interviews and geo-spatial simulation modelling, in Chapter 21, to construct a “perceptive design” (p. 407) of homelessness in Brisbane, Australia. In the same vein, Osaragi, Yamada, and Kaneko (Chapter 12) compare their simulation of pedestrian behaviour with observations of a university campus and found the results from the twomethods in fact matched. In Chapter 16, Rout and Willet also conduct semi-structured interviews and participatory design sessions with architects (but as a way to understand how their proprietary software technology might benefit practitioners). These papers were the only articles that included qualitative methods as part of the findings, and even so, they were administered to “check” or complement the quantitative data. Further research on these topics should incorporate qualitative methods, beyond using it to confirm quantitative findings, but to produce conflicting and nuanced research. With only a few out of the thirty chapters in the book that implement some sort of qualitative method, the book clearly favours quantitative research. Big data alone can be highly impersonal and generalising; and failing to capture and understand the complexity of human behaviours can have detrimental impact on planning outcomes, financially, politically, and socially. Urban scholars also need to reconsider the role of academia. The researchers in this book believe that universities, governments, and private enterprises should collaborate on the delivery of urban informatics. However, academia must not be a place for governments and businesses to seek out, to gain evidence that reinforce certain agendas. Instead, academics must play the role of arbiter and question these relationships to ensure the research is in favour of people, the environment, and the future, and not just for governments and business elites. A healthy sense of caution is necessary toward research that claims using data on human subjects will help governments and businesses succeed, even if it insinuates that broader society advances as well. We must remin","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42062957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI at Home: An Urgent Urban Policy and Research Agenda","authors":"Y. Strengers","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2067845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2067845","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article makes the case for considering conversational AI devices a critical urban challenge, particularly as the home gains importance in everyday life. Drawing on excerpts from conversations with Alexa – the market-leading digital voice assistant designed and manufactured by Amazon – the article illustrates how this device’s friendly feminine personality masks significant environmental and gender effects. Building on the author’s ongoing research on the smart home, the article considers how the “feminist reboot” proposed by Strengers & Kennedy in The Smart Wife could provide promising routes for urban scholars seeking to disrupt and intervene in the troubling trajectories of feminised AI.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45550306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-membering Weather Relations: Urban Environments in and as Country","authors":"Uncle Bud Marshall, L. Daley, Fabri Blacklock, Sarah Wright","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2108394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2108394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In so-called Australia, there is growing engagement with cities and towns as spaces of ongoing Indigenous presence and as Indigenous Country. In this paper, led by Gumbaynggirr Custodian Uncle Bud Marshall, we engage with urban(ising) environments through weather, memories and ancestral presences; re-membering weather's agencies, such as winds and seasons, as Country. Through more-than-human relationships, and our places within them, we attend to the ways that weathery presences call urban scholars and practitioners to respond to the fact that no place in Australia, no matter how colonised or urbanised, exists outside of, or separate to, Aboriginal relational ontologies and sovereignties.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on Urban Crises, the Science-Policy Interface and the Importance of “Tiny Revolts”","authors":"I. White","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2093183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2093183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is barely a field of academic research not subject to crisis claims. Many urban crises span careers and take significant emotional tolls. This is not due to a lack of effort. Academic productivity, as it is typically measured, is rapidly increasing and success claims commonplace. This article reflects critically upon the science-policy interface and interprets the work of Julia Kristeva to discuss the importance of creating “tiny revolts” able to rescale and reframe inquiry, and to problematise success. I argue these revolts hold potential in sustaining ourselves and others, as well as in creating new acts of critical thinking.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41301226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perhaps Hope is Not What We Need","authors":"Kate Shaw","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2076668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2076668","url":null,"abstract":"Bravo Steve, for your fine take on a completely unreasonable topic. It’s just too big to meaningfully deal with, but your summary of the ills of the world is right-on and it is hard to have hope. The answers you proffer are good answers indeed, and their realisation will be so qualified that I’m not excited by their prospects. Our esteemed colleague Kurt Iveson, who is following me in this discussion, will say there are always instances of everyday equalities, inspiring practices, wonderful things happening in the interstices and reasons for hope, but they’re narrowing aren’t they? Always getting squeezed and built out. Yes of course they pop up elsewhere in different forms and expressions, but they are small and the spatial opportunities are becoming fewer. Sometimes I think we cling to this line of optimism because we have to believe, until it become almost religious in its fervour – we have to have hope. The theme of the RGS-IBG Urban Geography Research Group 2021 conference was Cities of Hope, 20 years after Harvey’s Spaces of Hope and some kind of tribute, but, really? With Harvey’s little epilogue manifesto even farther from most people’s lives than ever – except perhaps on the most intimate and privileged of scales – what is there hopeful to say? Tom Slater of the University of Edinburgh said to me years ago that if dancing around a tree and calling it transformative is the culmination of urban geography’s contribution to social change – my fine former PhD student Dr Prashanti Mayfield calls it happy clappy urbanism – he’s out (of the conference circuit, I think he meant. He’s certainly still present, thank goodness). We – by which I mean, urban, human, economic, cultural geographers, planners and social theorists, those listening to the streamed conference or reading this issue of UPR – have a serious problem. Not only are we talking more esoterically, but we’re talking more and more to ourselves. I’m by no means the first to observe this, but our increasingly arcane theorising is reaching fewer people, even as we know it. Many disciplines do this, speak internally in jargon – it is a way of measuring and establishing status amongst our peers – but we have to acknowledge it is not reaching the people who need to hear it, and it is clearly not changing anything that Steve is talking about. We have a bigger problem too of course, which is that even if we werewriting and speaking to the halls of power in language they understood, their occupants still wouldn’t want to hear. Steve’s argument for making the obvious economic case, and his perfectly rational plea for evidenced, consistent messages on inequality-busting policy reforms to swing political will, doesn’t address the depth of the entrenched social and sociopathic ideology. Let me draw one illustration of the difficulty of that task in the immediate term: The anti-vax/anti-lockdown/anti-authoritarian “freedom” fighters, supported by their strange bedfellows from QAnon and the far-right","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crisis of Inequality and the Crisis of Equality","authors":"Kurt Iveson","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2058483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2058483","url":null,"abstract":"It’s wonderful to have someone of Steve Dovers’ calibre provoke us to think about both the big picture of inequality in Australia, and the measures and movements that might be powerful in addressing it. The picture of growing wealth inequality that Steve paints for us in his Patrick Troy lecture is certainly grim. And as he notes, more could have been said about other inequalities that intersect with wealth inequalities – not the least gendered inequalities (so stark in the impacts of COVID on lost income and employment, for instance) and racialised inequality (certainly a feature of the housing market and public space policing during COVID here in Sydney, where I live and work). In responding to his provocation, I want to say something about the relationship between this crisis of inequality and what we might call a crisis of equality, and suggest that our work has to attend to both of those related but distinct crises. Steve’s indignation about inequality – an indignation that was also characteristic of Patrick Troy – is accompanied by a sense of frustration. He points out that inequality seems to persist in the face of widespread knowledge about its extent, and in the face of oft-repeated proposals for reform that struggle to get traction despite mountains of evidence that supports them. This disconnect is itself worthy of interrogation, as both Steve and Kate do in their contributions. Rosanvallon (2013) made a similar point a few years ago in his book The Society of Equals. That book tried to grapple with that fact that “inequalities have never before been so widely discussed while so little was being done to reduce them” (2013, p. 2). Pointing out inequality, he says, loses its power in part because there is now a widespread acceptance of inequalities as natural or inevitable. It’s not so much that we deny the existence of inequality, it’s that we deny any injustice in that inequality. Instead, inequality is explained as a result of just deserts and moral failure of the poor, or of the incapacity for the autonomy of the colonised and the racialised and the differently abled, or of the inexorable logic of some process (globalisation, neoliberalisation, etc.) over which we have no power, and which it’s just not realistic to challenge. So for Rosanvallon, the problem is not just that we’ve got a crisis of inequality, it’s that “we face a crisis of equality”. What’s at the heart of that crisis? “The word has somehow become detached from experience, so that it no longer clearly indicates battles that must be fought or goals that need to be achieved” (2013, pp. 7–8, emphasis added). Hence, our job is not only to catalogue inequalities. He argues that “there is no more urgent task than that of restoring the idea of equality to its former glory” (2013, p. 8). Importantly, the “restoring” the idea equality is not just a “looking back” to the meanings of equality that were established in history. No, “we must also go further and rethink the whole ide","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46330946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart cities for technological and social innovation: case studies, current trends, and future steps","authors":"Abbas Shieh","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2104441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2104441","url":null,"abstract":"Although the chapters are valuable and informative, the book editors have not compiled the content structure thematically to connect the book structure and the conceptual framework presented in the early chapters (Chapter 2). The breadth of advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and new Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and their diverse applications in cities make it difficult to identify a coherent smart city concept. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Urban Policy & Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47934440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just Transitions: New Urban Research and Policy Perspectives","authors":"W. Steele, J. Dodson","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2119382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2119382","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue sheds new light on critical questions of justice in transition, whether from settlercolonial relations to just decolonisation, to relationships of care with nature, the mediation of equitable urban foodscapes, or to the creation of technological configurations. This issue is one of two to emerge from the 2021 State of Australasian Cities Conference (SOAC) where the theme focused on how just urban and regional transitions can be mobilised to support more sustainable futures. The SOAC conferences (2003–2021) under the aegis of the Australasian Cities Research Network (ACRN) seeks to promote, foster, champion and disseminate new urban scholarship which is made available and free to access online through the Analysis and Policy Observatory (APO). This is a biennial forum which brings together academics, policy makers and practitioners to report and appraise the social, spatial, and economic consequences for equity, inclusion and justice. When the Journal of Urban Policy and Research (UPR) was launched by former Australian Prime Minister GoughWhitlamACQC in 1983, the focus was on the role of national government in urban development and regional cooperation in areas of critical infrastructure such as power, transport and water. The UPR journal invited researchers, practitioners and “interested persons” to submit policyrelevant articles that highlighted the contributions to contemporary practice. The ambition was to address the need to “take research to the streets” in what was described then, as a critical time for Australian cities characterised by: growing uncertainty, pessimism and inequity; patchwork and uncoordinated government responses; and cynicism about the usefulness of urban research when most needed (see UPR Editorial 1982, p. 1). Sound familiar? Track forward to the end of the 1990s, and a review article of the state of urban research inAustralia by Graeme Davison and Ruth Fincher (1998) emphasised the interdisciplinary nature, intellectual diversity and vibrancy of scholarship that was emerging. In key areas such as gender and feminist inquiry, housing policy, suburbanisation, urban history, socio-spatial equity, environmental planning issues and cultural studies, urban research was successfully pursuing approaches that were ‘open, critical and pluralist’ rather than managerial or ‘narrowly instrumental’. However, they cautioned that as ‘cities become larger and more complex and the need for high-quality urban research grows, creating policy impact through urban research is challengedwithin a context of rapidly contracting public funding’ (p. 195).Whilst a similar surveywas not undertaken forNewZealand researchmany of the themes identified by Davison and Fincher were also relevant to that context. Still familiar? Roiling twentyfirst century crises of the climate emergency, systemic racism,wealth inequalities and global health pandemics such as Covid-19, are putting pressure not just on what urban researchers focus on, b","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43556866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersections Between Housing and Health Vulnerabilities: Share Housing in Sydney and the Health Risks of COVID-19","authors":"Caitlin Buckle, Nicole Gurran, P. Harris, T. Lea, Rashi Shrivastava","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2076214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2076214","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed complex connections between housing and health vulnerabilities. By investigating the share housing market in Sydney, Australia during the COVID-19 period, this paper examines these connections, highlighting health risks associated with shared facilities, overcrowding, and rental insecurity. Using data from Flatmates.com.au, Australia’s dominant share housing platform, the paper analyses advertisements offering or seeking share housing in April and August 2020. The analysis highlights health risks, vulnerabilities and risk management strategies employed by those looking for share accommodation or new household members during the pandemic period as well as wider implications for housing and health policy.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43602702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flawed Vision? Sydney’s Three Cities Metropolitan Strategy","authors":"G. Searle, K. O'Connor","doi":"10.1080/08111146.2022.2079626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2022.2079626","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper critically assesses the 2018 Greater Sydney Region Plan which proposes a polycentric metropolis of three cities, one a new city around the second airport. In implementing the polycentric form as a metropolitan structure, transport priority given to promoting the new western city's self-containment has reduced the emerging potential of the existing second centre. In responding to climate change, the strategy's new rail lines and transit-oriented development are compromised by a major inner/middle suburb motorway program and extensive greenfield expansion into the hottest part of the Sydney basin. Weak housing affordability measures conflict with high income knowledge job proposals.","PeriodicalId":47081,"journal":{"name":"Urban Policy and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42068820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}